EP2177900B1 - Bande conductrice pour détection de fissure - Google Patents

Bande conductrice pour détection de fissure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2177900B1
EP2177900B1 EP20090252425 EP09252425A EP2177900B1 EP 2177900 B1 EP2177900 B1 EP 2177900B1 EP 20090252425 EP20090252425 EP 20090252425 EP 09252425 A EP09252425 A EP 09252425A EP 2177900 B1 EP2177900 B1 EP 2177900B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tape
fibers
conductive particles
electrically conductive
structural fibers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20090252425
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2177900A2 (fr
EP2177900A3 (fr
Inventor
Edward Claude Rice
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Corp
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Rolls Royce Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2177900A2 publication Critical patent/EP2177900A2/fr
Publication of EP2177900A3 publication Critical patent/EP2177900A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2177900B1 publication Critical patent/EP2177900B1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0016—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings of aircraft wings or blades
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0033—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by determining damage, crack or wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M5/00—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings
    • G01M5/0083—Investigating the elasticity of structures, e.g. deflection of bridges or air-craft wings by measuring variation of impedance, e.g. resistance, capacitance, induction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
    • G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0664—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using witness specimens
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/249933—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a natural or synthetic rubber matrix
    • Y10T428/249938—Composite or conjugate fiber [e.g., fiber contains more than one chemically different material in monofilament or multifilament form, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity
    • Y10T428/24994—Fiber embedded in or on the surface of a polymeric matrix
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2916—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including boron or compound thereof [not as steel]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2918—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including free carbon or carbide or therewith [not as steel]
    • Y10T428/292—In coating or impregnation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2926—Coated or impregnated inorganic fiber fabric

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus operable to detect the presence of cracks in a structure.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,494,132 shows a metal structure (P) covered with an insulating substrate (21) in Figure 4 .
  • Electrically-conducting lines (22) are formed across the substrate (21).
  • the lines (22) are a combination of electrically conductive particles suspended in a flowable material
  • the lines (22) are applied with a pen or syringe, shown in Figure 10. After being applied to the substrate (21), the lines (22) cure and dry out.
  • a second insulating layer (23) is applied over the lines (22). When the structure (P) cracks, the substrate (21) and lines (22) adjacent to the crack will also fracture, resulting in a change in voltage across at least one of the lines (22).
  • the invention is a tape that can be used to detect cracks in a structure to which it is attached.
  • the tape includes a plurality of structural fibers.
  • the tape also includes an electrically-insulating binder at least partially encapsulating the plurality of structural fibers.
  • the tape also includes quantities of electrically conductive particles, each quantity of electrically conductive particles connected with one of the plurality of structural fibers.
  • Figure 1 is a top view of a parcel of tape according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a right-hand view of the parcel of tape shown in Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a structure according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a magnified view of a portion of Figure 3 .
  • the exemplary embodiment of the invention is a tape 10 that can be used to detect cracks in a structure to which it is attached.
  • the tape 10 and/or other embodiments of the invention may be applied in different operating environments and for different purposes.
  • the exemplary tape 10 includes a plurality of structural fibers, such as fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c.
  • Each structural fiber 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can be a solid, elongate member with an appreciable length.
  • the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can be of different lengths.
  • at least some of the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c are boron fibers.
  • alternative embodiments of the invention may include fibers formed from different materials.
  • the multiple fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c of the tape 10 can also be fabricated from different materials relative to one another.
  • the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12e can be fabricated using different manufacturing processes, such as being spun, drawn, or woven. Some or all of the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can be flexible or rigid. One or more of the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can each be a single filament or can be a strand formed from a plurality of filaments interwoven with one another. Alternative embodiments of the invention can include a tape having a combination of single filament fibers and strand fibers.
  • the tape 10 also includes an electrically-insulating binder 14 at least partially encapsulating the plurality of structural fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c.
  • the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can be substantially embedded in the binder 14, with only axially ends protruding as shown in Figure 1 .
  • the tape 10 can be formed such that the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c protrude out of a top surface 16 of binder 14 or a bottom surface 18 (referenced only in Figure 2 ).
  • the tape 10 can be formed such that a "middle" portion of one or more of the fibers 12. 12a, 12b, 12c is exposed out of the binder 14.
  • the portions of the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c within a box 20 shown in Figure 1 can be exposed through the top surface 16 and covered by the bottom surface 18 shown in Figure 2 .
  • the binder 14 can any material appropriate in view of the operating environment.
  • the binder 14 can at least partially include phthalonitrile.
  • the tape 10 also includes quantities of electrically conductive particles 22.
  • Each quantity of electrically conductive particles 22 can be connected with one of the plurality of structural fibers 12a, 12c.
  • the electrically conductive particles 22 can be various materials in particle form, with the particles ranging in size.
  • carbon nanotubes can be the electrically conductive particles 22.
  • the electrically conducting particles can be carbon (graphite), silver, gold, copper platinum or even finely particulate alloy materials.
  • the electrically conductive particles 22 can be partially or fully embedded in the fibers 12a, 12c, or can be affixed to the outer surface of the fibers 12a, 12c. An amount of electrically conductive particles 22 can be connected with each fiber 12a, 12c until the conductivity across the respective fiber 12a, 12c reaches a suitable level.
  • the fibers 12a, 12c themselves can be non-conductive or relatively poor conductors.
  • the fibers 12a, 12c can be different from the electrically conductive particles 22 in at least one material property, such as conductivity or strength.
  • the conductivity of copper may be desired so copper particles can be incorporated while the compressive properties of boron is desired so boron fibers are incorporated.
  • the fibers 12a, 12c are larger than the electrically conductive particles 22.
  • Figure 1 shows the fiber 12a and 12c each connected with a quantity of electrically conductive particles 22 and extending parallel to one another.
  • the fibers 12a, 12c could be oriented differently in alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • the fibers 12a, 12c could be spokes of a hub and spoke pattern.
  • less than all of the structural fibers 12, 12b, 12c are connected with at least one of the quantities of electrically conductive particles 22 in the exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • all of the fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c can be connected with at least one of the quantities of electrically conductive particles 22.
  • a vane assembly 24 for a vanebox can include a vane 26 shaped like an airfoil as well as first and second mounting end caps 28, 30.
  • a vanebox is a structure that can direct a stream of air for propelling or positioning the aircraft, such as in short and/or vertical take-offs and landings. It is noted that the present invention is not limited to vaneboxes and that alternative embodiment of the invention can be practiced with structures used for other purposes.
  • the vane 26 and the end caps 28, 30 can be formed from any individual material or a composite of materials.
  • the vane 30 can include a structural foam core with a composite spar.
  • the core and spar can be overlaid with layers of carbon fiber and resin as a skin.
  • the skin of the vane 36 could be the tape 10 shown in Figures 1 and 2 of a variation of the tape 10.
  • Figure 4 is a magnified portion of end cap 28.
  • the end cap 28 defines a body 32.
  • a first parcel of tape 10 can be applied over a portion of the body 32 that is expected to experience relatively high loading during operation.
  • the tape 10 can be applied to the body 32 with nanoglue or any other desired adhesive.
  • the tape 10 can includes a plurality of electrically conductive lines 12, 12a, 12b, 12c at least partially spaced from one another, an electrically-insulating binder 14 at least partially encapsulating the plurality of structural fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c, and quantities of carbon nanotubes 22, each quantity of carbon nanotubes 22 connected with one of the plurality of structural fibers 12, 12a, 12b, 12c. All of the structural fibers of the tape 10 in Figure 4 can be connected with a quantity of carbon nanotubes 22.
  • a second parcel of tape 10a can be layered transversely over the first parcel of tape 10.
  • the tape 10a can be partially applied to the body 32 and partially applied to the first parcel of tape 10 with nanoglue or any other desired adhesive.
  • the tape 10a can include a plurality of electrically conductive lines 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g, 12h at least partially spaced from one another, an electrically-insulating binder 14a at least partially encapsulating the plurality of structural fibers 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g, 12h and quantities of carbon nanotubes 22, each quantity of carbon nanotubes 22 connected with one of the plurality of structural fibers 12d, 12e, 12f, 12g, 12h. All of the structural fibers of the tape 10a in Figure 4 can be connected with a quantity of carbon nanotubes 22.
  • the tape parcels 10, 10a can be formed such that middle portions of the fibers 12 - 12h are exposed an one side.
  • the exposed middle portions of the fibers 12 -12h can contact one another and be operable to communicate electricity between one another.
  • Figure 4 shows at least one permissive difference from Figure 1 in that the respective ends of the fibers 12 -12h do not extend out of the respective binders 14, 14a.
  • the parcels of tape 10, 10a can be applied on the body 32 such that the electrically conductive fibers or lines 12 - 12c of the flrst parcel of tape 10 are nonparallel to the electrically conductive fibers or lines 12d - 12h of a second parcel of tape 10a.
  • the lines 12 -12h are made electrically conductive or have enhanced conductivity through the carbon nanotubes 22 or some other kind of electrically conductive particles.
  • the electrically conductive lines 12d - 12h therefore can form an electrical grid 34.
  • Electrical leads 36, 38, 40, 42 can be connected to the grid 34 at various locations.
  • a controller assembly 44 can direct current through the grid 34 through connections with the various electrical leads 36, 38, 40, 42 and monitor voltage levels at the each of the electrical leads 36, 38, 40, 42. Only four electrical leads 36, 38, 40, 42 are shown, however, the controller 44 can engage every intersection point of the grid 34 along the outer perimeter of the grid 34 in various embodiments of the invention.
  • the controller 44 can be operable to detect the location of the crack within the grid 34 based on changes in voltage at the various monitored points along the perimeter of the grid 34.
  • One methodology for performing this analysis is set forth in U.S. Patent. No. 7, 167, 009 .
  • the first and second parcels of tape 10 and 10a individually and collectively increase the robustness of the body 32.
  • the fibers 12 - 12h are bonded to the body 32 and thereby enhance the structural properties of the body 32.
  • the material or combination of materials chosen to make the fibers 12 - 12h can be selected to increase the tensile strength of the body 32.
  • these chosen fibers 12 - 12h can cause the tensile strength of the combined structure (body 32 and fibers 12 - 12h) to be greater than the tensile strength of the body 32 alone.
  • the material or combination of materials chosen to make the fibers 12 - 12h can be selected to increase the compressive strength of the body 32.
  • these chosen fibers 12 - 12h can cause the compressive strength of the combined structure (body 32 and fibers 12 - 12h) to be greater than the compressive strength of the body 32 alone.
  • the fibers 12 - 12h can be selected such that the likelihood of cracking in the body 32 is reduced because of their attachment to the body 32.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Bande comprenant:
    une pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h);
    un liant électriquement isolant (14) encapsulant au moins partiellement ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h); et
    des quantités de particules électriquement conductrices (22), chaque quantité de particules électriquement conductrices (22) étant connectée à au moins l'une de ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h).
  2. Bande selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle moins de toute ladite pluralité des fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h) est reliée à au moins l'une desdites quantités de particules électriquement conductrices (22).
  3. Bande selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle lesdites quantités de particules électriquement conductrices (22) comprennent une première quantité de particules électriquement conductrices (22) connectée à une première de ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h) et une seconde quantité de particules électriquement conductrices (22) connectée à une seconde de ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h), dans laquelle lesdites première et seconde fibres structurelles sont parallèles l'une par rapport aux autres.
  4. Bande selon les revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h) est électriquement non conductrice.
  5. Bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle chacune desdites quantités de particules électriquement conductrices (22) sont en outre définies sous la forme de nanotubes de carbone.
  6. Bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre une première et une seconde bornes de raccordement électriques (36, 38, 40, 42) apposées à au moins l'une de ladite pluralité de fibres (12-12c, 12d-12h) étant reliée à l'une desdites quantités de particules électriquement conductrices (22), lesdites première et seconde bornes de raccordement étant espacées l'une de l'autre et pouvant fonctionner pour communiquer un courant à travers ladite quantité de particules électriquement conductrices (22).
  7. Bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h) est en outre définie comme étant des fibres de bore.
  8. Bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle ledit liant (14) est en outre défini comme incluant au moins partiellement du phtalonitrile.
  9. Bande selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la bande comprend en outre une couche adhésive de nanocolle.
  10. Appareil comprenant:
    un corps (32);
    une première parcelle de bande (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes recouvrant une portion dudit corps (32) soumis à une charge, et incluant la première et la seconde bornes de raccordement électriques (36, 40) reliées à au moins l'une de ladite pluralité de fibres (12-12c) reliée à l'une desdites quantités de particules conductrices (22), lesdites première et seconde bornes étant espacées l'une de l'autre et pouvant fonctionner pour communiquer un courant à travers ladite quantité de particules conductrices (22).
  11. Appareil selon la revendication 10, comprenant en outre:
    une seconde parcelle de bande (10a) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, recouvrant au moins partiellement ladite première parcelle de bande (10), ladite seconde parcelle de bande (10a) et incluant une troisième et une quatrième bornes électriques (38, 42) reliées à au moins l'une de ladite pluralité de fibres (12d-12h) reliée à l'une desdites quantités de particules conductrices (22) de ladite seconde parcelle de bande (10a), lesdites troisième et quatrième bornes de raccordement (38, 42) espacées l'une de l'autre et pouvant fonctionner pour communiquer un courant à travers ladite quantité de particules conductrices (22) de ladite seconde parcelle de bande (10a).
  12. Appareil selon la revendication 11, dans lequel au moins une portion de ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12-12c) reliée auxdites particules conductrices de ladite première parcelle de bande (10) s'étend de manière non parallèle à et se trouve en contact avec au moins une portion de ladite pluralité de fibres structurelles (12d-12h) reliée auxdites particules conductrices de ladite seconde parcelle de bande (10a), dans lequel une grille de fibres structurelles (12-12c, 12d-12h) reliée auxdites particules conductrices (22) est formée par la coopération entre lesdites première et seconde parcelles de bande (10, 10a).
  13. Appareil selon la revendication 12, dans lequel lesdites première et seconde parcelles de bande (10, 10a) sont en outre définies comme étant au moins partiellement liées audit corps (32) avec de la nanocolle.
  14. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, dans lequel ledit corps (32) est métallique ou composite.
EP20090252425 2008-10-16 2009-10-15 Bande conductrice pour détection de fissure Active EP2177900B1 (fr)

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US20100096183A1 (en) 2010-04-22
EP2177900A2 (fr) 2010-04-21
ATE556314T1 (de) 2012-05-15
EP2177900A3 (fr) 2010-07-14
US8778487B2 (en) 2014-07-15

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