EP2178169B1 - Dreifache Polarisationsantennendiversität - Google Patents

Dreifache Polarisationsantennendiversität Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2178169B1
EP2178169B1 EP20080166982 EP08166982A EP2178169B1 EP 2178169 B1 EP2178169 B1 EP 2178169B1 EP 20080166982 EP20080166982 EP 20080166982 EP 08166982 A EP08166982 A EP 08166982A EP 2178169 B1 EP2178169 B1 EP 2178169B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slot
polarization diversity
diversity antenna
antenna
conductive layer
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Application number
EP20080166982
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2178169A1 (de
Inventor
Qinjiang Rao
Geyi Wen
Dong Wang
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BlackBerry Ltd
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BlackBerry Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole

Definitions

  • This patent application relates to an antenna apparatus.
  • this patent application relates to an antenna having polarization diversity.
  • the electric field of a propagating electromagnetic wave has two linear components that are orthogonal to one another. Typically, these components trace out an ellipse as a function of time. However, the electromagnetic wave might have only a single electric field component, in which case the electromagnetic wave is said to be linearly polarized.
  • a polarization diverse antenna can be used to improve signal transmission/reception quality in multipath environments since the signal strength received by such antennas can be greater than with a single linearly polarized antenna.
  • a polarization diverse antenna can also be used to increase network capacity since multiple signals of the same frequency, but different polarizations, can be transmitted from and/or received at a single antenna.
  • Zhang (US 6,593,891 ) describes a polarization diverse antenna that comprises a dielectric substrate having an upper conductive surface. A cross-shaped slot is formed in the upper conductive surface. The lower surface of the dielectric includes elongated conductive strips that are aligned with the arms of the slot, and a rectangular conductive portion that is aligned with the centre of the slot. The antenna also includes a pair of feed lines, each attached to a respective one of the conductive strips.
  • a linear polarization diversity antenna may have a single feed/receive line, but have a complex structure to transmit/receive the orthogonal components of the electromagnetic wave.
  • Thudor (US 7,336,233 ) describes a polarization diverse antenna that comprises five slots that are arranged in a H-shaped structure on the upper surface of a dielectric substrate. A single feed line is disposed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and is perpendicular to the centre slot. The antenna also includes a switching means that are positioned in the middle of each slot, except the middle slot.
  • Milyakh (US 7,358,916 ) describes a polarization diverse antenna that comprises four right-angled bent conductive strips that are disposed on a dielectric substrate. The antenna also includes a switching network comprising diodes that are formed between the ends of adjacent strips. A single feed line is connected between the diagonally opposite strips, at the bent portion thereof.
  • US 444 3802 discloses a planar antenna which employs a pair of closely spaced parallel ground planes and a radiating element which is a composite aperture (hybrid slot) formed into the upper ground plane.
  • One portion of the radiating element is a long narrow slot which may have the shape of a rectangle of high aspect ratio.
  • the other portion is an annular slot which may be circular in shape.
  • Electromagnetic energy is conveyed to and from the slots in the upper ground plane by means of a feed conductor parallel to and sandwiched between the two ground planes.
  • the maximum of the resulting field pattern is in the plane of the antenna and the pattern may be either directional or omnidirectional in that plane. When used as a receiving antenna, this antenna responds to both the electric and magnetic fields.
  • a common problem of dual-polarized antenna is the high possibility of crosstalk between the polarized components.
  • this patent application describes a three-fold polarization diversity antenna that comprises a slot-loaded patch, and a radiation member that is electromagnetically coupled to the slot-loaded patch.
  • the radiation member extends through a plane of the slot-loaded patch.
  • this patent application describes a wireless communications device that comprises a radio transceiver section, and a three-fold polarization diversity antenna that is coupled to the radio transceiver section.
  • the three-fold diversity antenna comprises a slot-loaded patch, and a radiation member that is electromagnetically coupled to the slot-loaded patch. The radiation member extends through a plane of the slot-loaded patch.
  • the radiation member may be disposed at a substantially right angle to the plane of the slot-loaded patch.
  • the slot-loaded patch may comprise a pair of intersecting slots that extend through a planar conductive layer, with the intersecting slots being disposed at a substantially right angle to each other.
  • the radiation member may terminate at one end within a central portion of the slot-loaded patch, such that the one end is physically isolated from the slot-loaded patch.
  • the slot-loaded patch comprises a cross-slot-shaped through-hole that extends through the planar conductive layer.
  • the radiation member comprises a monopole that extends between a feed point and a centre of the cross-slot-shaped through-hole.
  • the monopole may comprise a ground plane, and an elongate conductor that extends from the ground plane and terminates in the centre of the cross-slot-shaped through-hole.
  • the ground plane may be substantially parallel to the planar conductive layer, with the elongate conductor being disposed at a substantially right angle to the planar conductive layer and the ground plane.
  • the three-fold polarization diversity antenna has a simple compact structure.
  • the antenna also provides good isolation between the polarized components, and may be used in WLAN networks.
  • a wireless communications device 100 that is configured to operate within a wireless network.
  • the communications device 100 is a two-way wireless communications device.
  • the wireless communications device 100 may be configured as a wireless base station, a portable wireless modem, or a wireless data communication device, as examples.
  • the wireless communications device 100 includes a communication subsystem 102, and a data processing system 104 that is coupled to the communication subsystem 102.
  • the communication subsystem 102 performs communication functions, and includes a wireless transmitter 106, a wireless receiver 108, and an internal antenna 200, a local oscillator (LOs) 110 and a digital signal processor (DSP) 112 connected to the transmitter 106 and the receiver 108.
  • LOs local oscillator
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • the internal antenna 200 is a wide-band antenna that is configured for use with one or more of the application bands that are available within the wireless network. More preferably, the internal antenna 200 is configured for use within a WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) network.
  • the internal antenna 200 will be discussed in detail below, with reference to Figs. 2 to 5 .
  • the data processing system 104 comprises a microprocessor 114, a flash memory 116 and a data port 118.
  • the flash memory 116 includes signal processing instructions for the DSP 112, and may also include computer processing instructions for the microprocessor 114.
  • the computer processing instructions when accessed from the flash memory 116 and executed by the microprocessor 114 define an operating system that controls the overall operation of the communications device 100.
  • the data processing system 104 may also include a volatile memory (RAM) 120.
  • the computer processing instructions may be copied from the flash memory 116 into the RAM 120, and then accessed from the RAM 116 and executed by the microprocessor 114.
  • the data port 118 interfaces the wireless communications device 100 with a communications network, such as a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).
  • a communications network such as a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN).
  • Data packets that are received at the data processing system 104 from the communications network via the data port 118 are transferred by the operating system to the communication subsystem 102 for transmission as wireless electromagnetic signals over the wireless network.
  • Wireless electromagnetic signals to be transmitted over the wireless network are processed by the DSP 112 and input to the transmitter 106 for digital to analog conversion, frequency up conversion, and transmission over the wireless network via the internal antenna 200.
  • wireless electromagnetic signals that are received by the internal antenna 200 from the wireless network are input to the receiver 108, which performs common receiver functions such as frequency down conversion, and analog to digital (A/D) conversion, in preparation for more complex communication functions performed by the DSP 112.
  • Data packets that are received at the data processing system 104 from the DSP 112 are transmitted by the operating system over the communications network via the data port 118.
  • the communication subsystem 102 may include additional transmitters and/or receivers, depending upon the range of frequency bands over which communication is desired.
  • the communication subsystem 102 is depicted in Fig. 1 with one antenna 200, it should be understood that the wireless communications device 100 may instead comprise two or more of the antennas 200.
  • the communication subsystem 102 includes more than one DSP 112, the signals transmitted and received by the additional transmitter(s)/receiver(s) would preferably be processed by a different DSP than the transmitter 106 and the receiver 108.
  • Figs. 2a and 2b depict the preferred structure of the three-fold polarization diversity antenna 200.
  • the antenna 200 comprises a slot-loaded patch antenna structure 202, and a radiation member 204 that is electromagnetically coupled to the patch antenna structure 202.
  • the patch antenna structure 202 comprises a conductive layer 206, and a slot-shaped aperture that extends through the conductive layer 206.
  • the conductive layer 206 typically is substantially planar, and may have a substantially square planar shape. Alternately, the conductive layer 206 may have rectangular, elliptical or circular planar shape. Further, the conductive layer 206 need not be planar, but may have an arcuate shape.
  • the slot-shaped aperture may comprise a pair of elongate linear intersecting slots 208a, 208b that extend through the conductive layer 206, between the upper and lower surfaces thereof, thereby forming a cross-slot-shaped through-hole in the conductive layer 206.
  • the intersecting slots 208a, 208b are disposed at a substantially right angle to each other.
  • the patch antenna structure 202 may comprise a single slot; or may comprise three linear intersecting slots oriented 120° with respect to each other.
  • the radiation member 204 extends through a plane of the slot-loaded patch.
  • the radiation member 204 is disposed at a substantially right angle to the plane of the slot-loaded patch.
  • the radiation member 204 is configured as a grounded monopole, and comprises a planar ground plane 210, and an elongate conductor 212.
  • the elongate conductor 212 is physically isolated from the ground plane 210, and extends from the ground plane 210, terminating proximate the centre portion of the slot-shaped aperture, between the upper and lower surfaces of the conductive layer 206. With this configuration, the field distributions produced by the antenna will be symmetric.
  • the elongate conductor 212 may terminate at a position that is off-centre.
  • the elongate conductor 212 extends vertically upwards through the ground plane 210 towards the slot-shaped aperture, from a feed point 214 that is disposed below the ground plane 210.
  • the antenna 200 may include a dielectric substrate (not shown) that is disposed between the conductive layer 206 and the ground plane 210.
  • the conductive layer 206 and the ground plane 210 are disposed on opposite faces of the dielectric substrate.
  • the dielectric substrate is configured with a through-hole through which the elongate conductor 212 extends between the ground plane 210 and the conductive layer 206.
  • the ground plane 210 may be oriented substantially parallel to the planar conductive layer 206.
  • the elongate conductor 212 is disposed at a substantially right angle to the planar conductive layer 206 and the ground plane 210.
  • the planar conductive layer 206 may be inclined relative to the ground plane 210 at an angle other than a right angle.
  • terminal end may be disposed within the region 216 of the intersection of the intersecting slots 208a, 208b, between the upper and lower surfaces of the slot-loaded patch. Alternately, the terminal end may be disposed above the upper surface of the slot-loaded patch. The terminal end of the elongate conductor 212 is physically isolated from the slot-loaded patch. As a result, the radiation member 204 is electromagnetically coupled to the slot-loaded patch.
  • the radiation member 204 may be configured as a dipole that is electromagnetically coupled at the opposite ends thereof to respective patch antenna structures 202.
  • the radiation member 204 may comprise an elongate member whose opposite ends are physically isolated from the slot-loaded patches and terminate proximate the centre portion of the respective slot-shaped apertures.
  • the communication subsystem 102 may be provided with a plurality of the antennas 200.
  • the conductive layer 206 comprises a plurality of slot-shaped apertures that are disposed uniformly on a common planar conductive layer 206.
  • the antennas 200 may be disposed uniformly over the conductive layer 206, thereby providing a planar antenna array.
  • the conductive layer 206 may have a cylindrical configuration, with the plurality of slot-shaped apertures being disposed uniformly over the cylindrical conductive layer 206.
  • each radiation member 204 is disposed at a substantially right angle to the plane of the associated slot-shaped aperture, at the centre portion of the associated slot-shaped aperture.
  • the length of a conventional monopole is one-quarter of the wavelength of the fundamental.
  • the length of the elongate conductor 212 is less than one-quarter of the wavelength (when the radiation member 204 is configured as a grounded monopole).
  • the height of the antenna 200 may be less than a conventional monopole antenna having the same minimum resonant frequency. Further, the antenna 200 does not exhibit the power loss that would otherwise occur if the radiation member 204 was electrically connected to the slot-loaded patch.
  • the electric field of a conventional monopole is polarized in the direction of the monopole. Therefore, the electric field of the antenna 200 includes a vertically-polarized electric field.
  • the radiation member 204 due to the electromagnetic coupling between the radiation member 204 and the slot-loaded patch, the radiation member 204 induces electric currents in the slot-loaded patch. Since the intersecting slots 208a, 208b of the slot-loaded patch are disposed at a substantially right angle to each other, the electromagnetic field produced by the antenna 200 also includes two perpendicular horizontally-polarized electric fields. As a result, the electromagnetic field produced by the antenna 200 has three orthogonal polarized electric fields (i.e. three-fold polarization diversity).
  • Fig. 3 depicts the measured return loss for one implementation of the antenna 200.
  • the frequency range of the antenna 200 covers WLAN IEEE 802.11 b/g (4.9 - 6 GHz).
  • Fig. 4 depicts the radiation pattern of the foregoing implementation of the antenna 200, measured at 5.5 GHz. As shown, at this WLAN frequency the electromagnetic field of the antenna 200 has two perpendicular horizontally-polarized electric fields, with good isolation between the electric fields.
  • Fig. 5 depicts the efficiency of the foregoing implementation of the antenna 200. As shown, the antenna 200 exhibits good efficiency across the WLAN band, notwithstanding the multiple polarization diversity of the antenna 200.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne mit:
    einer Schlitzlade-Patchantennen-Struktur (202) mit einem Schlitz (208), der sich durch eine Leitschicht (206) erstreckt, die über einer Grundebene (210) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet dass, der Schlitz ein Paar länglicher linearer sich schneidender Schlitze (208a, 208b) mit einem Schnittbereich aufweist, und
    einem Strahlungselement (204), das elektromagnetisch an den Schlitzlade-Patch gekoppelt ist, wobei das Strahlungselement einen länglichen Leiter (212) aufweist, der sich zwischen der Grundebene (210) und dem Schnittbereich (216) der sich schneidender Schlitze von einem Speisepunkt (214) erstreckt, der unter der Grundebene (210) angeordnet ist, wobei im Betrieb die Diversitätsantenne ein vertikal-polarisiertes elektrisches Feld und zwei horizontal-polarisierte elektrische Felder aufweist, die jeweils durch das Strahlungselement (204) und die Schlitzlade-Patchantennen-Struktur (202) induziert sind.
  2. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Strahlungselement in einem zur Ebene der Schlitzlade-Patchantennen-Struktur im Wesentlichen rechten Winkel angeordnet ist.
  3. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Paar sich schneidender Schlitze sich durch die ebene Leitschicht erstreckt, wobei das Paar sich schneidender Schlitze in einem zueinander im Wesentlichen rechten Winkel angeordnet ist.
  4. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Strahlungselement an einem Ende in einem zentralen Teil der Schlitzlade-Patchantennens-Struktur endet, wobei das eine Ende physisch von der Schlitzlade-Patchantennen-Struktur isoliert ist.
  5. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Schlitz ein kreuzschlitzförmiges Durchgangsloch aufweist, das sich durch die ebene Leitschicht erstreckt.
  6. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 5, wobei das Strahlungselement ein Monopol aufweist, das sich zwischen dem Speisepunkt und einem Mittelpunkt des kreuzschlitzförmigen Durchgangslochs erstreckt.
  7. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 5, wobei der längliche Leiter in einem Mittelpunkt des kreuzschlitzförmigen Durchgangslochs endet.
  8. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 7, wobei die Grundebene zur ebenen Leitschicht im Wesentlichen parallel ist.
  9. Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach Anspruch 8, wobei der längliche Leiter in einem zur ebenen Leitschicht und der Grundebene im Wesentlichen rechten Winkel angeordnet ist.
  10. Drahtloskommunikationsvorrichtung mit:
    einem Funk-Sende-Empfänger-Abschnitt und
    einer Dreifachpolarisationsdiversitätsantenne nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9.
  11. Kommunikationsvorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, die als Drahtlosbasisstation konfiguriert ist.
EP20080166982 2008-10-17 2008-10-17 Dreifache Polarisationsantennendiversität Active EP2178169B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20080166982 EP2178169B1 (de) 2008-10-17 2008-10-17 Dreifache Polarisationsantennendiversität

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20080166982 EP2178169B1 (de) 2008-10-17 2008-10-17 Dreifache Polarisationsantennendiversität

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EP2178169A1 EP2178169A1 (de) 2010-04-21
EP2178169B1 true EP2178169B1 (de) 2014-06-04

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102610908A (zh) * 2012-03-01 2012-07-25 西安电子科技大学 超宽频四带圆极化天线

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4242685A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-12-30 Ball Corporation Slotted cavity antenna
US4443802A (en) 1981-04-22 1984-04-17 University Of Illinois Foundation Stripline fed hybrid slot antenna
US4684953A (en) * 1984-01-09 1987-08-04 Mcdonnell Douglas Corporation Reduced height monopole/crossed slot antenna

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