EP2182348A3 - Élément d'onde acoustique en surface, dispositif d'onde acoustique en surface et leurs procédés de fabrication - Google Patents
Élément d'onde acoustique en surface, dispositif d'onde acoustique en surface et leurs procédés de fabrication Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2182348A3 EP2182348A3 EP09173996.1A EP09173996A EP2182348A3 EP 2182348 A3 EP2182348 A3 EP 2182348A3 EP 09173996 A EP09173996 A EP 09173996A EP 2182348 A3 EP2182348 A3 EP 2182348A3
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic wave
- surface acoustic
- manufacturing
- methods
- same
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/022—Fluid sensors based on microsensors, e.g. quartz crystal-microbalance [QCM], surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices, tuning forks, cantilevers, flexural plate wave [FPW] devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/036—Analysing fluids by measuring frequency or resonance of acoustic waves
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/02535—Details of surface acoustic wave devices
- H03H9/02637—Details concerning reflective or coupling arrays
- H03H9/02645—Waffle-iron or dot arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0255—(Bio)chemical reactions, e.g. on biosensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/042—Wave modes
- G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H2250/00—Indexing scheme relating to dual- or multi-band filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
- H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic elements; Electromechanical resonators
- H03H9/02—Details
- H03H9/05—Holders or supports
- H03H9/10—Mounting in enclosures
- H03H9/1064—Mounting in enclosures for surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices
- H03H9/1071—Mounting in enclosures for surface acoustic wave [SAW] devices the enclosure being defined by a frame built on a substrate and a cap, the frame having no mechanical contact with the SAW device
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/42—Piezoelectric device making
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Surface Acoustic Wave Elements And Circuit Networks Thereof (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20080109042 | 2008-11-04 | ||
| KR20080135542A KR20100050366A (ko) | 2008-11-04 | 2008-12-29 | 표면 탄성파 소자, 표면 탄성파 장치 및 이들의 제조 방법 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2182348A2 EP2182348A2 (fr) | 2010-05-05 |
| EP2182348A3 true EP2182348A3 (fr) | 2013-08-21 |
Family
ID=41697848
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09173996.1A Ceased EP2182348A3 (fr) | 2008-11-04 | 2009-10-26 | Élément d'onde acoustique en surface, dispositif d'onde acoustique en surface et leurs procédés de fabrication |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8508100B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2182348A3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120181899A1 (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2012-07-19 | Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Piezoelectric resonator and elastic wave device |
| EP3071965A1 (fr) | 2013-11-21 | 2016-09-28 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Biocapteur électrique servant à détecter une substance dans un fluide corporel, et procédé et système associés |
| EP3203225B1 (fr) * | 2014-09-30 | 2020-11-25 | Kyocera Corporation | Dispositif capteur |
| US10073061B2 (en) * | 2014-11-29 | 2018-09-11 | Kyocera Corporation | Sensor apparatus |
| US9702847B2 (en) | 2014-12-30 | 2017-07-11 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting a substance in bodily fluid |
| CN108350408B (zh) | 2015-08-25 | 2022-12-16 | 阿威尔斯医疗公司 | 用于检测流体样品中有活力的微生物的设备、系统和方法 |
| WO2017132095A1 (fr) | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-03 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés pour détecter des agents infectieux viables dans un échantillon de fluide au moyen d'un capteur à électrolytique-isolant-semi-conducteur |
| EP3464551B1 (fr) | 2016-05-31 | 2024-07-03 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Détection d'agents infectieux viables dans un échantillon de fluide et sensibilité des agents infectieux à des agents anti-infectieux |
| WO2018111234A1 (fr) | 2016-12-13 | 2018-06-21 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Dispositifs, systèmes et procédés de détection de la présence de bactéries d'hydrolyse d'un antibiotique ss-lactamine dans un échantillon |
| WO2019005296A1 (fr) | 2017-06-27 | 2019-01-03 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Appareil, systèmes et procédés permettant de déterminer la sensibilité de micro-organismes à des anti-infectieux |
| WO2019070739A1 (fr) | 2017-10-03 | 2019-04-11 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Appareils, systèmes et procédés de détermination de la concentration de micro-organismes et de la sensibilité des micro-organismes aux anti-infectieux, fondés sur des réactions d'oxydoréduction |
| CN117451472A (zh) | 2017-12-05 | 2024-01-26 | 阿威尔斯医疗公司 | 制备用于下游测试的包含确定浓度的感染原的输出样品 |
| WO2020117650A1 (fr) | 2018-12-03 | 2020-06-11 | Avails Medical, Inc. | Appareils, systèmes, et procédés de quantification d'agents infectieux |
| GB2641113A (en) * | 2024-05-17 | 2025-11-19 | Edwards Ltd | Sub-atmospheric pressure sensor and method |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19758195A1 (de) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-15 | Siemens Ag | Oberflächenwellen- (SAW-)Bauelement auf insebsondere Lithiumtantalat- oder -niobat-Substrat |
| US6033937A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-03-07 | Vlsi Technology, Inc. | Si O2 wire bond insulation in semiconductor assemblies |
| US20030122453A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2003-07-03 | Akira Yamada | Elastic wave element and method for fabricating the same |
| US20060131991A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-06-22 | Takeshi Kawakami | Surface acoustic wave element |
| EP1867980A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-12-19 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dispositif capteur d'ondes de surface |
Family Cites Families (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1580600A (en) * | 1978-05-09 | 1980-12-03 | Philips Electronic Associated | Kpiezoelectric devices |
| US4598224A (en) * | 1985-08-07 | 1986-07-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Surface acoustic wave device for sensing the presence of chemical agents |
| US5283037A (en) * | 1988-09-29 | 1994-02-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Chemical sensor utilizing a surface transverse wave device |
| US4895017A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-01-23 | The Boeing Company | Apparatus and method for early detection and identification of dilute chemical vapors |
| US5051645A (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 1991-09-24 | Johnson Service Company | Acoustic wave H2 O phase-change sensor capable of self-cleaning and distinguishing air, water, dew, frost and ice |
| DE4030651A1 (de) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-09 | Basf Ag | Oberflaechenwellen-gassensor |
| US5216312A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-06-01 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Fluid sensing device having reduced attenuation of shear transverse waves |
| DE69406920T2 (de) * | 1993-06-01 | 1998-04-09 | Du Pont | Analyt-reagierende ktp zusammensetzung und verfahren |
| JPH10215143A (ja) * | 1997-01-31 | 1998-08-11 | Nec Corp | 弾性表面波装置 |
| US6908770B1 (en) | 1998-07-16 | 2005-06-21 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Fluid based analysis of multiple analytes by a sensor array |
| JP2001085969A (ja) | 1999-09-17 | 2001-03-30 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 弾性表面波デバイス |
| US6379969B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2002-04-30 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Optical sensor for sensing multiple analytes |
| US6621192B2 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2003-09-16 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | Integrated tunable surface acoustic wave technology and sensors provided thereby |
| WO2003005577A1 (fr) | 2001-07-02 | 2003-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Procede de production de dispositifs de traitement des ondes acoustiques de surface |
| AU2003240561A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-22 | Rutgers, The State University Of New Jersey | MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOSENSOR BASED ON ZnO NANOSTRUCTURES |
| US6945090B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2005-09-20 | Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for monitoring molecular contamination of critical surfaces using coated SAWS |
| JP4069008B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-12 | 2008-03-26 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 弾性表面波デバイス |
| WO2005001424A2 (fr) * | 2003-06-05 | 2005-01-06 | Bionttech, Inc. | Systemes et procedes de reconnaissance moleculaire |
| JP2005072942A (ja) | 2003-08-25 | 2005-03-17 | Seiko Epson Corp | 弾性表面波素子片の製造方法および弾性表面波素子片並びに弾性表面波デバイス |
| KR100567768B1 (ko) | 2003-09-04 | 2006-04-05 | 한국생명공학연구원 | 시료 중 재조합 단백질의 농도를 정량적으로 측정 가능한 바이오칩과 그를 이용한 측정 방법 |
| CN100498328C (zh) | 2003-10-31 | 2009-06-10 | 株式会社村田制作所 | 包含声表面波传感器的振荡器电路以及生物传感器设备 |
| US20060033039A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 | 2006-02-16 | Williams John R | Photo-controlled luminescence sensor system |
| WO2006027945A1 (fr) | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-16 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Capteur de detection d’une substance dans un liquide et dispositif de detection d’une substance dans un liquide employant celui-ci |
| EP1788384B1 (fr) | 2004-09-10 | 2012-09-26 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Capteur d'ondes de surface pour la détection d'une substance dans un liquide et dispositif de détection d'une substance dans un liquide employant le capteur |
| JP2008067289A (ja) * | 2006-09-11 | 2008-03-21 | Fujitsu Media Device Kk | 弾性波デバイスおよびフィルタ |
| JP2008078739A (ja) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-04-03 | Fujitsu Media Device Kk | 弾性波デバイスおよびフィルタ |
| EP2230764B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-14 | 2016-11-02 | Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. | Dispositif à onde de surface et son procédé de fabrication |
| JP2010103647A (ja) * | 2008-10-21 | 2010-05-06 | Fujitsu Media Device Kk | 弾性表面波デバイス |
| US7919909B2 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2011-04-05 | Delaware Capital Formation, Inc. | Integrated coupling structures |
-
2009
- 2009-08-18 US US12/542,983 patent/US8508100B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-10-26 EP EP09173996.1A patent/EP2182348A3/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6033937A (en) * | 1997-12-23 | 2000-03-07 | Vlsi Technology, Inc. | Si O2 wire bond insulation in semiconductor assemblies |
| DE19758195A1 (de) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-15 | Siemens Ag | Oberflächenwellen- (SAW-)Bauelement auf insebsondere Lithiumtantalat- oder -niobat-Substrat |
| US20030122453A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2003-07-03 | Akira Yamada | Elastic wave element and method for fabricating the same |
| US20060131991A1 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2006-06-22 | Takeshi Kawakami | Surface acoustic wave element |
| EP1867980A1 (fr) * | 2005-04-06 | 2007-12-19 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Dispositif capteur d'ondes de surface |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| FREUDENBERG J ET AL: "A SAW immunosensor for operation in liquid using a SiO2 protective layer", SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL DEVOTED TO RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL TRANSDUCERS, ELSEVIER S.A, SWITZERLAND, vol. 76, no. 1-3, 1 June 2001 (2001-06-01), pages 147 - 151, XP004241108, ISSN: 0925-4005, DOI: 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00610-4 * |
| MORGAN D P: "History of SAW devices", FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, 1998. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 IEEE INTERN ATIONAL PASADENA, CA, USA 27-29 MAY 1998, NEW YORK, NY, USA,IEEE, US, 27 May 1998 (1998-05-27), pages 439 - 460, XP010305513, ISBN: 978-0-7803-4373-3, DOI: 10.1109/FREQ.1998.717937 * |
| RALPH FENNER ET AL: "Micromachined Water Vapor Sensors: A Review of Sensing Technologies", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 1, no. 4, 1 December 2001 (2001-12-01), XP011055588, ISSN: 1530-437X * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8508100B2 (en) | 2013-08-13 |
| EP2182348A2 (fr) | 2010-05-05 |
| US20100109475A1 (en) | 2010-05-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP2182348A3 (fr) | Élément d'onde acoustique en surface, dispositif d'onde acoustique en surface et leurs procédés de fabrication | |
| EP1983647A3 (fr) | Dispositif à ondes acoustiques de surface et duplexeur | |
| EP2587563A3 (fr) | Élément piézoélectrique multicouche et dispositif d'injection l'utilisant | |
| WO2009011148A1 (fr) | Elément résonant en couche mince piézo-électrique et composant de circuit l'utilisant | |
| WO2015088708A3 (fr) | Dispositif de transducteurs micro-usinés souples et procédé de fabrication associé | |
| EP2579347A3 (fr) | Dispositif piézoélectrique et procédé de fabrication de dispositif piézoélectrique | |
| WO2009104840A3 (fr) | Dispositif électrique hybride utilisant un substrat polymère piézoélectrique et son procédé de fabrication | |
| EP2072150A3 (fr) | Transducteur ultrasonique | |
| EP2372446A3 (fr) | Appareil à affichage électrochromique et son procédé de fabrication | |
| EP1880852A3 (fr) | Dispositif piézoélectrique et tête à jet de liquide | |
| EP1850374A3 (fr) | Dispositif semiconducteur et son procédé de fabrication | |
| EP2269826A3 (fr) | Tête d'impression avec membrane à couche mince | |
| EP1564802A3 (fr) | Dispositif semi-conducteur à couche mince et son procédé de fabrication | |
| EP2109219A3 (fr) | Dispositifs vibrants piézoélectriques et leurs procédés de fabrication | |
| ATE555544T1 (de) | Piezoelektrischer resonator, piezoelektrischer filter und kommunikationsvorrichtung | |
| EP2439844A3 (fr) | Résonateur à ondes acoustiques de volume, filtre à ondes acoustiques de volume et méthodes correspondantes pour leurs fabrications. | |
| EP3018711A8 (fr) | Dispositif semi-conducteur et procédé de fabrication pour le dispositif semi-conducteur | |
| EP1729414A3 (fr) | Dispositif à ondes acoustiques de surface et procédé pour sa fabrication | |
| EP2075840A3 (fr) | Couche de protection pour le découpage de plaquettes et un tel procédé | |
| EP3382765A3 (fr) | Élément piézoélectrique, actionneur piézoélectrique, sonde à ultrasons, appareil à ultrasons, appareil électronique, tête à jet de liquide et appareil à jet de liquide | |
| EP1818986A3 (fr) | Dispositif semi-conducteur | |
| EP1955783A3 (fr) | Transducteur ultrasonique capacitif flexible et son procédé de fabrication | |
| WO2006046545B1 (fr) | Élément ondulé à surface élastique et dispositif de communication | |
| WO2007119174A3 (fr) | Actionneur piézoélectrique | |
| EP2284887A3 (fr) | Module constitué de dispositifs semi-conducteurs et procédé de fabrication du module |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA RS |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO., LTD. |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: G01N 29/30 20060101ALI20130409BHEP Ipc: H03H 9/10 20060101ALN20130409BHEP Ipc: G01N 29/036 20060101ALI20130409BHEP Ipc: H03H 9/02 20060101ALI20130409BHEP Ipc: G01N 29/02 20060101AFI20130409BHEP |
|
| PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: AL BA RS |
|
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: G01N 29/30 20060101ALI20130717BHEP Ipc: G01N 29/02 20060101AFI20130717BHEP Ipc: H03H 9/02 20060101ALI20130717BHEP Ipc: H03H 9/10 20060101ALN20130717BHEP Ipc: G01N 29/036 20060101ALI20130717BHEP |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20140219 |
|
| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20180328 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN REFUSED |
|
| 18R | Application refused |
Effective date: 20210120 |