EP2190262A1 - Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée - Google Patents

Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2190262A1
EP2190262A1 EP08169907A EP08169907A EP2190262A1 EP 2190262 A1 EP2190262 A1 EP 2190262A1 EP 08169907 A EP08169907 A EP 08169907A EP 08169907 A EP08169907 A EP 08169907A EP 2190262 A1 EP2190262 A1 EP 2190262A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
graphite foil
carbon electrode
electrode
carbon
foil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08169907A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthieu Schwartz
Werner Langer
Bastian Hudler
Oswin ÖTTINGER
Martin Christ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Priority to EP08169907A priority Critical patent/EP2190262A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2009/065845 priority patent/WO2010060932A1/fr
Publication of EP2190262A1 publication Critical patent/EP2190262A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/06—Electrodes
    • H05B7/08—Electrodes non-consumable
    • H05B7/085—Electrodes non-consumable mainly consisting of carbon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a carbon electrode, in particular for use in an electric arc furnace, and to a process for its production. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electrode strand of such carbon electrodes and their use.
  • An electric arc furnace for producing steel contains at least one strand of carbon electrodes. Such a strand is held at the upper end by a support arm, via which the electrical current also passes into the electrode strand.
  • the arc passes from the lower tip of the strand into the melt in the furnace.
  • the electrode string burns slowly at its lower end. The shortening of the electrode strand is compensated by the strand pushed piece by piece into the oven and, if necessary, at the upper end of the strand an additional electrode is screwed.
  • the carbon electrodes used in electric arc furnaces, particularly for the production of steel, suspended above the furnace lid on a contact jaw carrying device, are heated to temperatures at which carbon bonds with the oxygen of the surrounding area by the thermal energy generated in the arc and the development of Joule heat inside the electrodes Air reacts to carbon oxides.
  • the reactions referred to as burn-off for short, are not limited to the lateral surface of the cylindrical electrode, but extend from about 600 ° C. almost over the entire volume of the electrode accessible through the pore system.
  • the burning of the lateral surface causes a reduction in the diameter of the electrode, the burning in the interior of the electrode also a substantial disruption of the structure, whereby smaller structural elements are loosened and splintered.
  • the direct and indirect burnup loss is about 50% of the specific electrode consumption of about 3 to 6 kg / t steel related to the steel produced.
  • the US 1,000,761 For example, it is known to coat the lateral surface with substances which form a dense vitreous film when the electrode is heated.
  • alkali and alkaline earth salts have been used in conjunction with fluxes such as borax.
  • fluxes such as borax.
  • a major disadvantage of these films is their high electrical resistance.
  • metallic protective layers have been proposed for these electrodes, which conduct the electric current well, but their temperature resistance is often insufficient. Better thermal stability is achieved by incorporating ceramic fillers into a metallic matrix ( DE 12 71 007 ) or by using silicon as a coating material which is applied by plasma spraying in vacuo ( DE 34 46 286 ).
  • metallic protective layers have the disadvantage that they are light with copper welding or cementing existing cooled contact jaws and damaging or destroying the contacts.
  • the causes of the different results are probably instabilities of the water film and steam jacket, caused for example by thermal convection currents, and the adsorption of water in the pore system of the carbon electrode.
  • the adsorbed water reacts with the carbon at higher temperatures and produces the sponge-like soft zones typical of wet electrodes.
  • a method for direct cooling of the electrode surface located between the contact jaws and the furnace lid is also known in EP 0 309 583 described. By this method, a better utilization of the electrode via annular arranged below the contact jaws nozzle supplied water for cooling is effected.
  • film-forming substances such.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a carbon electrode on the lateral surface by simple technical means a durable oxidation-resistant protective layer is applied, which at the same time mitigates the impact of shocks to the electrode by the charging material when used in an electric arc furnace.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a carbon electrode according to claim 1, to whose carbon electrode core at least partially an envelope with a graphite foil is provided, and by a method for producing a carbon electrode according to claim 18.
  • Graphite foil is produced by thermal expansion of a graphite intercalation compound and subsequent densification of the accordion particles (expandate) obtained by the expansion. During compression under pressure, these particles are interlocked with one another in such a way that, without the addition of binders, stable, flexible planar structures such as foils or plates can be produced. Prior to compaction can be added to the Expandat additives, eg with oxidation-inhibiting effect, by mixing them with the expandable powder. This method is particularly suitable for powdery additives.
  • Graphite foil is characterized by resistance to high temperatures and aggressive media, relatively low permeability to fluids, high compressibility of, for example, 40%, good resilience of, for example, 8% and a very low creep under pressure. This refers in particular to the thickness direction of graphite foil. These Properties justify the suitability of graphite foil as a sealing material, for which it is conventionally used.
  • the graphite foil has a thermal expansion coefficient (at temperatures between 20 and 1000 ° C) of about 1 ⁇ 10 -6 K parallel to the lamination and about 30 ⁇ 10 -6 K perpendicular to the lamination.
  • a thermal expansion coefficient at temperatures between 20 and 1000 ° C
  • the carbon electrode in the longitudinal direction section in which it has a covering with graphite foil, has a covering with the graphite foil substantially on the entire outer circumference. This is not absolutely necessary in order to mitigate impacts on the carbon electrode, but ensures high oxidation protection since the entire outer circumference of the carbon electrode is thus protected and enhanced oxidation does not occur at individual exposed areas of the lateral surface.
  • the carbon electrode core may be either carbon, partially graphitized carbon or graphite.
  • the carbon electrode is in no way limited in its dimensions, but in principle, the invention can be applied to any carbon electrode core, especially for use in the electric arc furnace. This has the advantage that conventional carbon electrodes can be used according to the invention as carbon electrode cores without the need to manufacture special carbon electrode cores.
  • the envelope has at least one winding, so that the graphite foil itself overlaps at least in a partial area.
  • the graphite foil does not at least partly overlap itself, so that there is a gap between the ends of the graphite foil.
  • the number of windings and thus the thickness of the graphite foil shell in relation to the diameter of the carbon electrode core depend on the dimensions of the carbon electrode and the conditions of use. Although even a winding ensures high oxidation protection, it may be useful, in particular because of the mechanical stress during use, to provide a higher number of windings. However, in order to save material and thus costs, one will try to keep the number of windings as low as possible. Thus, a number of turns between 2 and 10 may be advantageous.
  • the graphite foil can also be applied only in at least one of the two regions of the lateral surface, which adjoin the two electrode ends directly.
  • the graphite foil is applied only in the region of the lateral surface which directly adjoins the electrode end, which faces a melt in use of the electrode.
  • the graphite foil is applied only in the region of the lateral surface which directly adjoins an electrode end, but projects beyond the electrode end.
  • the protruding part of the graphite foil is pushed as a sleeve over the end of the adjacent electrode.
  • the graphite foil is in turn applied to the downwardly directed electrode end, which faces the melt.
  • the oxidation-protective effect of the graphite foil is advantageously increased by the graphite foil having an antioxidant which is present at least partially in the graphite foil and / or on the graphite foil.
  • the antioxidant preferably contains at least one carbide-forming metal and / or at least one glass former.
  • the carbide-forming metals and / or glass formers can be considered in the still intact graphite foil as particles of antioxidant, which are incorporated in a matrix of graphite binder.
  • the particles of antioxidant melt so far, or sinter together so far that they form a coherent surface as possible.
  • the need for the presence of a binder continues to decrease until the antioxidant itself forms a film-like layer.
  • An electrical conductivity of the former graphite foil is then no longer present in the lower region of the carbon electrode, which faces a melt, but is no longer necessary for use of the carbon electrode in the arc process.
  • Up to 80% by volume of antioxidants are possible for an inventive functionality of the graphite foil, preferably up to 50% by volume.
  • the antioxidant advantageously has particle sizes which are in the fine range with a d 90 value below 10 microns or in the nano range with a d 90 value below 100 nm.
  • the antioxidant is advantageously a substance selected from a group consisting of silicon, silica, silicates, aluminosilicates, MoSi 2 , borates, TiB 2 , silanes, silazanes, phosphates, ZnO 2 , aluminum, boron or a combination of at least two of these substances.
  • the lateral surface of the carbon electrode core has a certain roughness, whereby a sufficiently large and permanent adhesion between the carbon electrode core and the graphite foil is ensured, in particular a roughness R z of 0.5 to 5 mm.
  • the individual windings of the Graphitfolienumhüllung are so closely placed that is present by the contact of the windings with each other a large and permanent adhesion between the windings.
  • the tight windings are preferably achieved by a high tensile stress on the graphite foil during winding.
  • a suitable adhesive is provided at least partially between the carbon electrode core and the graphite foil and / or between the winding layers of the graphite foil. This increases the adhesion even more.
  • Adhesives between the carbon electrode core and the graphite foil and between the layers of the graphite foil are preferably adhesives which show an adhesive effect even at high temperatures, ie above 1000.degree. These include, for example, pitch, phenolic resins, furan resins, as well as other resins, which preferably have a high carbon yield, and organosilicon compounds. By a preferred high carbon yield, the adhesive converts into an adhesive layer at high temperatures high carbon content and low porosity, which has high strength and durability.
  • the adhesive is cured at temperatures between 160 and 200 ° C, in particular at about 180 ° C and carbonized at temperatures between 750 and 850 ° C, in particular at about 800 ° C.
  • the adhesive may be mixed with various additives and solvents, antioxidants and reinforcing materials.
  • additives are added which improve the bond within the graphite foil. These include carbon or graphite powder.
  • the adhesive may be introduced between the carbon electrode and graphite foil as well as between all windings of the graphite foil.
  • the adhesive is introduced only partially.
  • it can advantageously only on the first winding layer and / or the last winding layer be applied to the graphite foil. This causes a high mechanical inner stability of the envelope with a simultaneous low cost of adhesive.
  • the provision of depressions in the electrode core jacket surface is preferred, which in particular prevents the graphite foil from slipping.
  • a composite of winding layers of the graphite foil with one another and / or with the carbon electrode core can advantageously also be effected with at least one mechanical fastening means, such as, in particular, spit plate, staples or nails. Particularly preferred are metal staples. These can be brought into the graphite foil or through the graphite foil into the electrode core without great effort. Surprisingly, the brackets are mechanically very well anchored in the electrode core and unexpectedly not destroy the graphite foil.
  • the graphite foil may be selected from different densities and thicknesses depending on the purpose and geometry of the carbon electrode to be coated. If no further additives and / or reinforcing materials are used, the density of the graphite foil used is preferably in the range between 0.5 to 1.8 g / cm 3 . Their thickness is between 50 microns and 3 mm, preferably between 0.1 and 1.5 mm. When using additives and / or reinforcing materials, density and thickness may change accordingly.
  • the mechanical stability of graphite foil against mechanical influences can be increased by embedding reinforcing inserts, for example of metal, such as sheet metal or foil, as a sandwich within a layer of graphite foil or between graphite foil layers.
  • the reinforcing inserts may have spit plate, expanded sheet, Velcro or smooth sheet metal.
  • the graphite foil may be reinforced by woven or non-woven fiber mats or nets, in particular plastic fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers or combinations thereof. Preference is given to fiber networks with mesh sizes between 1 and 5 cm are used.
  • the graphite foil is wound onto a carbon core.
  • a temporary winding core can be used, which can be removed after the winding process.
  • This winding core is advantageously so thin that there is no appreciable cavity after its removal.
  • a metal wire is suitable.
  • the resulting cavity can be advantageously closed or filled with a resin having a high carbon yield. In a subsequent temperature treatment, the resin is at least largely converted to carbon, so that there is a closed carbon electrode.
  • a winding core can be produced from the graphite foil itself, around which the graphite foil is then further wound up.
  • an electrode is understood in this context as a coreless carbon electrode.
  • reinforcing agents are introduced into the enclosure.
  • the reinforcing agents can first be introduced by calendering between two layers of graphite foil or only applied during the wrapping of the carbon electrode core on the graphite foil as an additional layer, which is then stored during the winding process between two graphite foil layers.
  • An adhesive may be applied to the carbon electrode core as well as the graphite foil, for example by known methods such as spraying, brushing or knife coating on the electrode core and / or the graphite foil.
  • the adhesive is preferably cured at slightly elevated temperatures, preferably between 150 and 200 ° C, in particular between 160 and 190 ° C.
  • the adhesive may also be carbonized by pyrolysis if required, preferably at temperatures between 600 and 900 ° C, in particular between 750 and 850 ° C. For this purpose, the entire carbon electrode is heated before use. However, the steps of curing and carbonizing can also take place only when using the carbon electrode in the furnace.
  • the adhesive can also be applied only to the first and last winding layer of the graphite foil or otherwise applied according to advantageous patterns.
  • the mechanical compaction can be achieved by round hammers or preferably by calendering the graphite foil using the carbon electrode itself.
  • the carbon electrode, on which the graphite foil has just been wound serves as a calender roll, which corresponds to at least one further conventional counter-roll.
  • An antioxidant can be introduced into the graphite foil already during its production or can be subsequently applied to the film.
  • a step of applying is integrated into the method according to the invention for producing the carbon electrode.
  • the application can be carried out for example by known methods such as spraying, brushing or doctoring on the electrode core and / or the graphite foil.
  • the application of the film to the electrode core is preferably carried out by placing the graphite foil by means of a hold-down device and subsequent controlled rotation of the electrode core about its own axis, wherein the graphite foil roll, from which the graphite foil used is unrolled, is preferably readjusted in a controlled manner.
  • the graphite foil is preferably under tension, with tensile stresses of 0.1 to 10 MPa, in particular of 1 to 5 MPa, being advantageously applied.
  • the tensile stress is achieved, for example, by unwinding the graphite foil from a braked roll.
  • the winding of the graphite foil can take place at right angles to the electrode axis and / or diagonally thereto.
  • the graphite foil is wound on site in the electric steelworks directly on the electrode strand onto the carbon electrode.
  • the compressibility of the graphite foil significantly improves the electrical contact between the electrode and a support arm which holds the electrode.
  • Electrodes are worked, which minimizes the respective handling effort on the furnace and during transport there. This applies in particular to coreless carbon electrodes whose body is essentially formed from windings of graphite foil.
  • the ratio of graphite foil fraction to carbon electrode fraction the average density of the carbon electrode can be adjusted in a targeted manner.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a carbon electrode according to the invention.
  • a carbon electrode 1 according to the invention was produced as follows: graphite foil 2 SIGRAFLEX F02012Z from SGL Technologies GmbH (thickness 0.20 mm, density 1.2 g / cm 3 ) with a width of 1 m each was applied to a 1 m long rod as carbon electrode core 3 wound with a diameter of 25 mm of extruded graphite.
  • the graphite rod 3 was thereby rotated at 14 U / min on a winding machine around its own axis, and pulled so the graphite foil 2 from a braked roll.
  • the tension was set at 1 MPa. Before the graphite foil 2 reached the electrode core 3, it was uniformly sprayed with Norsophen 1203 phenolic resin from Bakelite as an adhesive.
  • the basis weight of the resin was about 10 g / m 2 .
  • the winding process was terminated when the carbon electrode 1 had reached a diameter of 50 mm, thus achieving a covering 8 of graphite foil with a thickness of 12.5 mm.
  • the adhesive was cured at 180 ° C and carbonized at 800 ° C.
  • the electrodes and reference electrodes produced according to the invention were tested in a small electric arc furnace with an output of 96 kVA, a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 50 cm.
  • a melt of 2.0 kg of steel scrap and 0.35 kg of slag (CaO-SiO 2 ) was used; the furnace was operated for 2 h with 10 to 15 kW power.
  • the electrodes were cleaned and measured. From the changes in the electrode geometry and the electrode mass, the change in length or the mass loss per hour was calculated. Both figures showed a lower electrode consumption of the embodiment according to the invention.
  • Table 1 Mass loss [% / h] Change in length [% / h] wound electrode 6 1.3 reference electrode 7 1.5
  • two electrode cores 3 made of extruded graphite with a diameter of 450 mm and a length of 1200 mm with graphite foil SIGRAFLEX F04212Z from SGL Technologies GmbH (width 1.3 m, thickness 0.42 mm, density 1.2 g / cm 3 ) wrapped.
  • Both electrode cores 3 were each provided with a nipple box 4 at both ends. This allows the connection with other electrodes 1 with a conventional connection technology with so-called graphite nipples 5 as connecting pieces.
  • both extruded electrode cores 3 were thereby rotated on their own axis at 10 rpm on a winding machine, thus drawing the graphite foil 2 from a braked roll.
  • the tension was set at 2 MPa.
  • the basis weight of the resin was about 12 g / m 2 .
  • the winding process was terminated when the electrode 1 had reached a diameter of 550 mm.
  • the winding process can be completed even after winding only one winding, wherein the end of the graphite foil 2 but at least overlaps its beginning to completely protect the carbon electrode core 3 from oxidation.
  • the adhesive was cured at 150 ° C and carbonized at 900 ° C.
  • the graphite foil 2 was then shortened to a length of 1202 mm, so that the graphite foil 2 at both ends in each case by 1 mm beyond the end faces 7 of the extruded cores 3 survived.
  • they were screwed on a test stand with the aid of a graphite nipple 5. It was possible to apply a tightening torque of 3500 Nm.
  • the graphite foil 2 projecting beyond the end faces 7 of the extruded cores 3 was compressed so far that the two end faces 7 of the cores 3 touched each other.
  • electrode cores 3 were made of extruded graphite with a diameter of 545 mm and a length of 1400 mm with graphite foil SIGRAFLEX F05011 APX (width 1.3 m, thickness 0.50 mm, density 1.1 g / cm 3 , oxidation-protected) wrapped.
  • a thread having a depth of 0.8 mm was cut, which gave a targeted surface roughness.
  • the electrode core 3 was thereby rotated on its own axis at 20 rpm on a winding machine, thus pulling the graphite foil 2 from a braked roll. The tension was set at 0.5 MPa. No adhesive was applied.
  • the graphite foil 2 After the graphite foil 2 reached the electrode core 3, it was fastened to the extruded core 3 by commercial metal staples by means of a pneumatic stapler.
  • the clamps were distributed in a zigzag shape over the lateral surface 6 of the electrode core 3, wherein the distance between the clamps in the axial direction was about 10 cm and in the radial direction about 15 cm.
  • the winding process was terminated when the electrode 1 had reached a diameter of 558 mm.
  • the graphite foil 2 was then shortened to a length of 1400 mm so that it was flush at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the electrode 1 flush with the end faces 7 of the extruded core 3. Since no adhesive was used, the steps of curing and carbonizing could be dispensed with.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
EP08169907A 2008-11-25 2008-11-25 Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée Withdrawn EP2190262A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08169907A EP2190262A1 (fr) 2008-11-25 2008-11-25 Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée
PCT/EP2009/065845 WO2010060932A1 (fr) 2008-11-25 2009-11-25 Electrode de carbone à durée de vie prolongée

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08169907A EP2190262A1 (fr) 2008-11-25 2008-11-25 Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée

Publications (1)

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EP2190262A1 true EP2190262A1 (fr) 2010-05-26

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EP08169907A Withdrawn EP2190262A1 (fr) 2008-11-25 2008-11-25 Electrode de carbone ayant une durée d'arrêt prolongée

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EP (1) EP2190262A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010060932A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108184279A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-19 湖南博溥立材料科技有限公司 一种电弧炉石墨电极

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9497804B2 (en) 2010-07-01 2016-11-15 Graftech International Holdings Inc. Graphite electrode

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1000761A (en) 1910-09-06 1911-08-15 Nat Carbon Co Process of applying protecting-glaze to carbon electrodes.
DE576938C (de) 1930-09-05 1933-05-19 Siemens Planiawerke Akt Ges Fu Verfahren zum Schutz der Elektroden elektrischer OEfen gegen Abbrand
DE1271007B (de) 1962-04-16 1968-06-20 Metalurgitschen Zd Lenin Verfahren zum Schutze von Kohlenstoffmaterialien vor Oxydation
DE3028348A1 (de) 1980-07-25 1982-04-01 C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach Kohlenstoffelektrode, insbesondere graphitelektrode zur stahlerzeugung
EP0070100A2 (fr) 1981-06-26 1983-01-19 Foseco International Limited Protection d'electrodes en graphite
EP0092649A2 (fr) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-02 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Procédé pour mettre un matériau sous forme de poudre contenant du graphite et de résine artificielle sur une électrode en matière carbonique munie d'un revêtement métallique, notamment une électrode de graphite
DE3442316A1 (de) * 1984-11-20 1986-05-22 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Verbindung von graphit- und kohlenstoffelektroden
DE3446286A1 (de) 1984-12-19 1986-06-19 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Verfahren zum beschichten von kohlenstoff- und graphitkoerpern
EP0309583A1 (fr) 1987-03-17 1989-04-05 Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. Procede de fusion et de raffinage de metaux, et dispositif de refroidissement des electrodes utilisees a cet effet
WO2005074325A1 (fr) * 2004-01-20 2005-08-11 Ucar Carbon Company Inc. Joint de faces d'extremites pour electrodes de graphite
US20060291524A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2006-12-28 Brian Bowman Joint strengthening ring for graphite electrodes
US7276284B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2007-10-02 Sgl-Carbon Ag Carbon fiber reinforced coke from the delayed coker

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1000761A (en) 1910-09-06 1911-08-15 Nat Carbon Co Process of applying protecting-glaze to carbon electrodes.
DE576938C (de) 1930-09-05 1933-05-19 Siemens Planiawerke Akt Ges Fu Verfahren zum Schutz der Elektroden elektrischer OEfen gegen Abbrand
DE1271007B (de) 1962-04-16 1968-06-20 Metalurgitschen Zd Lenin Verfahren zum Schutze von Kohlenstoffmaterialien vor Oxydation
DE3028348A1 (de) 1980-07-25 1982-04-01 C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach Kohlenstoffelektrode, insbesondere graphitelektrode zur stahlerzeugung
EP0200983A2 (fr) 1981-06-26 1986-11-12 Foseco International Limited Protection d'électrodes en graphite
EP0070100A2 (fr) 1981-06-26 1983-01-19 Foseco International Limited Protection d'electrodes en graphite
EP0092649A2 (fr) * 1982-04-28 1983-11-02 C. CONRADTY NÜRNBERG GmbH & Co. KG Procédé pour mettre un matériau sous forme de poudre contenant du graphite et de résine artificielle sur une électrode en matière carbonique munie d'un revêtement métallique, notamment une électrode de graphite
DE3215831A1 (de) 1982-04-28 1983-11-03 C. Conradty Nürnberg GmbH & Co KG, 8505 Röthenbach Verfahren zur aufbringung eines graphit und kunstharz enthaltenden pulverfoermigen materials auf eine mit einem metallischen ueberzug versehene kohlenstoffelektrode, insbesondere graphitelektrode
DE3442316A1 (de) * 1984-11-20 1986-05-22 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Verbindung von graphit- und kohlenstoffelektroden
DE3446286A1 (de) 1984-12-19 1986-06-19 Sigri GmbH, 8901 Meitingen Verfahren zum beschichten von kohlenstoff- und graphitkoerpern
EP0309583A1 (fr) 1987-03-17 1989-04-05 Nippon Carbon Co., Ltd. Procede de fusion et de raffinage de metaux, et dispositif de refroidissement des electrodes utilisees a cet effet
US7276284B2 (en) 2003-12-18 2007-10-02 Sgl-Carbon Ag Carbon fiber reinforced coke from the delayed coker
WO2005074325A1 (fr) * 2004-01-20 2005-08-11 Ucar Carbon Company Inc. Joint de faces d'extremites pour electrodes de graphite
US20060291524A1 (en) * 2004-01-20 2006-12-28 Brian Bowman Joint strengthening ring for graphite electrodes

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"ULLMANN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY", vol. A5, 2002, VCH VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, pages: 23 - 36
"ULLMANN'S ENCYCLOPEDIA OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY", vol. A5, 2002, VCH VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH, pages: 44 - 45
METAL BULLETIN MONTHLY, no. 204, 1987, pages 56

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108184279A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-19 湖南博溥立材料科技有限公司 一种电弧炉石墨电极

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