EP2191123A1 - Piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne

Info

Publication number
EP2191123A1
EP2191123A1 EP07801633A EP07801633A EP2191123A1 EP 2191123 A1 EP2191123 A1 EP 2191123A1 EP 07801633 A EP07801633 A EP 07801633A EP 07801633 A EP07801633 A EP 07801633A EP 2191123 A1 EP2191123 A1 EP 2191123A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
axis
hub
cylinder
piston according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07801633A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Greiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
OLIVO, SIEGFRIED
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2191123A1 publication Critical patent/EP2191123A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/0084—Pistons  the pistons being constructed from specific materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/028—Magnesium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/90—Alloys not otherwise provided for
    • F05C2201/903—Aluminium alloy, e.g. AlCuMgPb F34,37
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
    • F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
    • F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
    • F05C2203/0808—Carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/04—Composite, e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2253/00—Other material characteristics; Treatment of material
    • F05C2253/16—Fibres

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a piston made of carbon for a
  • the invention relates to different pairings of such a carbon piston with cylinders made of different materials.
  • mesophase is a raw material derived as an intermediate of the liquid-phase pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, preferably from coal and petroleum derived pitches and consists of polyaromatics. From these polyaromatics arise by carbonization and graphitization mesophase spherulites in a particle size in the micron range, which represent the grains of material.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to propose a carbon piston for internal combustion engines, which allows it with the usual required life in place of the standard aluminum pistons, especially for cars and trucks, and the advantages of a carbon piston with those of an aluminum piston united.
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a piston made of carbon for an internal combustion engine, in particular for cars, trucks,
  • Two-wheeled vehicles and engine-powered implements comprising a piston crown, a piston land axially adjoining the land, a ring portion and a piston skirt with a hub bore for receiving a piston pin, wherein the shaft wall on the shaft inner side to form the hub has opposing thickenings extending into the piston crown -Instretch bottom with a rounding, wherein the piston bottom bottom forms in the region between the hub thickenings a vault surface, which at the hub thickenings at least in the upper region the hub bore is followed, it being provided that the carbon matrix is infiltrated by a light metal or a light metal alloy.
  • Light metal alloy is proposed in the carbon piston according to the invention, a composite material that combines the advantages of the carbon piston and the aluminum piston with each other. This is based on a carbon piston, which is infiltrated by means of gas pressure filtration or Sqeeze-Cast infiltration with aluminum. In the two methods, the carbon piston is heated above the melting temperature of the aluminum and then liquid light metal is pressed under pressure into the pores of the carbon matrix.
  • the use of the carbon piston according to the invention is therefore also provided in small engines, as they are needed for motorized equipment, such as chainsaws or lawn mowers.
  • motors for large implements such as excavators, cranes and the like and drive motors for ships, locomotives and the like can be equipped with the carbon piston according to the invention.
  • the carbon matrix is formed as Feinstkorngraphitmatrix.
  • the superfine grain graphite which has a particle size of from 1 to 5 ⁇ m and consists of a mixture of mesophase and pitch binders, is outstandingly suitable as a high-performance material for pistons with reciprocating piston engines.
  • the proposed carbon piston is a modified mesophase carbon piston with light metal infiltration.
  • the light-metal infiltration increases the fine-grained graphite in bending strength by up to 120%.
  • flexural strengths in the range of 170 to 220 MPa are infiltrated on
  • Piston blank sought to meet the high peak pressures, such as those that can occur in diesel engines, for example.
  • the volume fraction of the light metal or the light metal alloy on the piston volume is 5% to 50%.
  • the volume fraction of the light metal or the light metal alloy on the piston volume is 5% to 30%.
  • the light metal is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • aluminum or an aluminum alloy By using aluminum or an aluminum alloy, a particularly good adaptation to engine cylinders made of aluminum is achieved.
  • the light metal is magnesium or a magnesium alloy.
  • magnesium or a magnesium alloy Through the use of magnesium or a magnesium alloy, a particularly good adaptation to engine cylinders made of magnesium alloys is achieved, which have a particularly favorable power to weight ratio.
  • the open pores in the carbon matrix predominantly, i. at least 68%, have a pore size between 0.6 .mu.m and 1, 0 .mu.m, wherein the smallest pore size is about 0.3 microns.
  • the pores in the carbon matrix predominantly have a pore size between 0.4 ⁇ m and 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the piston material is between 12 GPa and 30 GPa and that the transverse rupture strength is between 120 MPa and 220 MPa.
  • the density of the piston is between 1.8 g / cm 3 and 2.4 g / cm 3 .
  • the thermal conductivity of the piston can be between 30 W / m * K and 200 W / nvK. In this way, the thermal conductivity of the piston material can be optimally adapted to the thermal conductivity of the cylinder and / or the crankcase, preferably by adaptive optimization.
  • the vault surface formed on the piston bottom underside is independent of the surface configuration of the piston crown top side.
  • the carbon piston according to the invention can also be combined with different cylinder treads.
  • the installation play of the Pistons in cold condition are each dependent on the choice of material of the cylinder surface.
  • the games are less when using cylinder surfaces made of ceramic and are larger in metallic cylinder surfaces made of aluminum, gray cast iron or steel.
  • different coefficients of thermal expansion of the cylinder surfaces can be largely offset by their more or less strong cooling.
  • a modified carbon or carbon from the mesophase which has a bending strength in the range of about 65 MPa to about 160 MPa, z. B. from a Feinstkorngraphit, which is made of a binder-free carbon, a so-called mesophase, and is provided with suitable pitch binders.
  • the mesophase is a raw material derived as an intermediate of the liquid-phase pyrolysis of hydrocarbons, preferably from coal and petroleum derived pitches and consists of polyaromatics. From these polyaromatics arise by carbonization and graphitization mesophase spherulites in a particle size in the micron range, which represent the grains of material.
  • a special mixture of mesophase with pitch binders produces a very fine grain graphite with grain sizes in the range of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, which has an open porosity in the final state.
  • 1 shows a partial section along the line l-l in Figure 3 with a partial view of the piston outer surface ..
  • 2 shows a partial section along the line INI in Figure 3 with a partial view of the piston outer surface ..;
  • Fig. 3 is a section along the line III-III in Fig. 1; 4 shows an axial section of a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention;
  • FIG. 5 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 2 of a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows an axial section, analogous to FIG. 4, of a further embodiment of a piston according to the invention
  • Fig. 7 is a partial view of the piston of FIG. 6, seen in the direction of the arrow VII in Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the profile of an inventive
  • the piston shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 for a diesel engine has in a conventional manner a piston head 1, a top land 2, a ring portion 3 and a piston skirt 4.
  • a trough 1 1 is formed at the top of the piston crown 1.
  • a hub bore 5 for a piston pin not shown, which extends into extending from the inner wall 42 of the piston skirt 4 hub thickening 51.
  • a groove 52 for a locking ring, not shown, for securing the piston pin is present.
  • the hub bore 5 has a transverse axis 53 which coincides with the piston pin axis.
  • the piston consists of a carbon matrix, in whose pores aluminum is introduced.
  • the carbon is ultrafine graphite.
  • the flask was first designed as a porous carbon piston and then infiltrated with aluminum by Sqeeze-Cast infiltration.
  • the carbon piston was heated to a temperature above the melting point of aluminum and then placed in the mold of the Sqeeze-Cast plant.
  • the mold was closed, liquid aluminum filled into the casting chamber and the aluminum pressed by means of a plunger into the pores of the carbon piston. It can also be provided to press the aluminum under application of vacuum and then by compressed gas, for example nitrogen, into the pores of the carbon piston (gas pressure infiltration).
  • the carbon piston thus infiltrated with aluminum had the following parameters, fine-grain graphite having the material designation FU 4617 (Schunk) being used:
  • Optimum is an ultrafine grain graphite infiltrated with aluminum which has the following preferred physical data:
  • annular grooves 31 are formed for piston rings, not shown, of which the lowermost annular groove serves to receive a ölabstreifrings.
  • the groove bottom of the groove is formed in each case with radii of curvature in order to avoid stresses on abrupt transitions.
  • a discharge opening 32 is provided, which opens into a flat oil pocket 33 in the lateral surface of the piston skirt 4.
  • the oil bag 33 has in the vicinity of the oil drain opening 32 has a depth of, for example, 3 mm and runs arcuately outside of the hub bore 5 surrounding hub thickening 54 around. Their depth decreases at the lower end expiring to the lateral surface 41.
  • the oil bag can also be formed vertically.
  • the underside 12 of the piston head 1 has a vault-like surface, which is approximately a circular cylindrical surface in the embodiment shown, the cylinder axis, not shown, the piston axis intersects at right angles. That is, the piston bottom surface 12 is formed by a plane perpendicular to the plane of Fig. 2 straight line and is rounded in the opposite end faces 55 of the
  • Hub thickenings 51 via (FIG. 1). Between the two opposite hub thickenings 51, the piston bottom surface 12 extends with the circular cylinder radius and rounded with a smaller radius to the inner wall 42 of the piston skirt 4 at. This transition extends beyond the lower end of the ring portion 3, to which the piston shaft 4 attaches.
  • the diameter of the piston head 1, that is, the piston diameter D, in the embodiment shown is 86.835 mm; the thickness of the piston head 1, starting from the upper edge of the top land 2 and without taking into account the recess 11 at the apex of the piston bottom surface 12, is 22 mm.
  • the total height of the piston from the upper edge of the land 2 to the lower stem edge 44 is 76.3 mm, with the piston skirt 4 having a shell thickness of 7.5 mm. This results in a piston crown thickness of 0.25D, ie a ratio that is significantly above the equivalent value of an aluminum or gray cast iron piston for a diesel engine piston of this size.
  • Fig. 4 shows in longitudinal section a carbon piston with 10 a combustion bowl for a direct injection diesel engine.
  • the piston bottom surface 12 represents a vault surface which, in deviation from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 is not practically continuous to the piston inner wall a circular cylindrical surface, but is composed transversely to the piston pin axis of three circular cylindrical surfaces.
  • the predominant part a of this surface has a radius R 3 whose center A lies on the piston axis 14.
  • Piston pin axis lying piston center plane are symmetrical, however, have a radius R b , whose center B lies on a cross axis which cuts the piston pin axis. It is understood that the surface portions b each have a shorter extent perpendicular to the plane of the Fig. 4 than the average surface portion a, because they with a
  • Transition radius must run into the inner wall of the piston skirt.
  • the piston In the region of the land 2 ", the piston has a diameter of 68.87 mm as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the radii R a and R b are in this case 41 and 12 mm, respectively.
  • the embodiment of the piston according to FIG. 5 corresponds approximately to that of FIG. 4 in size and design. It differs therefrom and from the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 3 in that, in addition to the drain opening 32 'in the lower groove flank, the annular groove 31 'several leading into the piston interior drain holes 35 are provided. These support the oil discharge through the outer oil bag 33 '.
  • the piston according to FIGS. 6 and 7 has a combustion bowl on the upper side of the piston crown and is likewise intended for a direct-injection diesel engine.
  • the piston bottom surface 112 forms a partial surface of an ellipsoid of revolution whose axis of rotation 113 coincides with the piston axis 114.
  • the major axis 115 of the ellipsoid of revolution extends perpendicular to the piston axis 114 and at the same time perpendicular to the axis 153 (FIG.
  • the hub bore 105 which is also the pin axis of the piston pin, not shown.
  • the major major axis 115 intersects the axis 153 of the hub bore 105 and at the same time the piston axis 114.
  • the midpoint M of the ellipsoid of revolution coincides with the intersection of the piston axis 114 and the axis 153 and corresponds to the partial surface forming the piston crown bottom 113 thus largely half the spherical surface of the ellipsoid of revolution.
  • the partial surface of the rotational ellipsoid addressed here can be approximated by the surface of a spherical cap having the radius R ' a , to which the surface of half a spherical cap with the radius R' b adjoins at both ends of the major axis 115.
  • the center A 'for the radius R' a is located on the piston axis 114; the center B 1 for the radii R'b lies respectively on the large main axis 115.
  • the radius R ' a which essentially determines the surface profile of the piston bottom 112, can be calculated according to the formula
  • the piston bottom surface 112 extends in the direction of the axis 153 of the hub bore 105 over a smaller distance than transversely thereto, because in the region of the hub thickening 151 care must be taken that there is still enough clearance for the connecting rod.
  • the transitions to the hub thickenings 151 are each rounded.
  • the inner contour of the piston head in the piston according to the invention differs significantly from the inner contour of conventional aluminum piston, in which the piston crown is designed substantially plate-shaped and rounded only in the transition to the top land and the ring bearing the piston rings.
  • the moments of resistance of the piston crown can be approximated according to the modulus of resistance of hollow elliptic bodies having a constant concave ratio and calculated by the formula:
  • both the piston head thickness and the shaft wall thickness s can be selected at the lower limit of the specified design ranges.
  • the calculation of the moment of resistance of the piston crown the calculation of the moment of resistance of hollow elliptic bodies with constant wall thickness by the simplified formula
  • the above-described detection of the surface course of the piston bottom 112 and the calculation of the moment of resistance thereof can be transmitted to a piston bottom surface forming the partial surface of a cylinder having an elliptical cross section without noticeable failure.
  • the axis of this cylinder is perpendicular to the piston axis 114 and coincides with the axis 153 of the hub bore 105, d. H.
  • the generatrices of the cylinder 10 are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of Fig. 6.
  • the major major axis 115 of the elliptical cross section of this cylinder is in turn perpendicular to the piston axis 114 and also to the axis 153 (see Fig. 6). In this case, in the region of the end points of the main axis 115, more extensive transition surfaces are required in the largely circular-cylindrical inner wall 142 at the transition to the shaft 104.
  • Fig. 7 are by contour lines 116, which are formed by cross-sections transverse to the piston axis 1 14, the transitional surfaces only qualitatively indicated.
  • the installation clearance of the piston in the cold state 0.010 to 0.035% of the piston diameter, which value is set transversely to the piston pin axis, if the piston already has an ovality due to its size.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne, en particulier pour voiture particulière et véhicule utilitaire, comprenant une tête de piston (1), une zone de feu (2) raccordée axialement à la tête de piston, une section annulaire (3) et un corps de piston présentant un alésage de moyeu destiné à recevoir un axe de piston, la paroi du corps de piston présentant, sur sa face intérieure, des épaississements opposés entre eux (51), pour la formation du moyeu, lesquels s'étendent en arrondi dans la partie inférieure (12) de la tête de piston, ladite partie inférieure de la tête de piston formant, dans la zone située entre les épaississements de moyeu (51), une surface voûtée (12) qui se raccorde auxdits épaississements de moyeu, au moins dans une zone supérieure de l'alésage de moyeu. Le piston présente une matrice en carbone qui est infiltrée dans un métal léger ou un alliage en métal léger.
EP07801633A 2006-08-14 2007-08-13 Piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne Withdrawn EP2191123A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200610038180 DE102006038180A1 (de) 2006-08-14 2006-08-14 Kohlenstoffkolben für eine Brennkraftmaschine
PCT/EP2007/007144 WO2008019814A1 (fr) 2006-08-14 2007-08-13 Piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2191123A1 true EP2191123A1 (fr) 2010-06-02

Family

ID=38951254

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07801633A Withdrawn EP2191123A1 (fr) 2006-08-14 2007-08-13 Piston en carbone pour moteur à combustion interne

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2191123A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101360906A (fr)
DE (1) DE102006038180A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008019814A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009048006B3 (de) * 2009-10-02 2011-03-17 Sgl Carbon Se Graphitkörper imprägniert mit einer Leichtmetall-Legierung, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und seine Verwendung
DE102010002708B4 (de) * 2010-03-09 2016-09-22 Sgl Carbon Se Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kohlenstoffkolben und Kohlenstoffkolben
CN102094723B (zh) * 2011-03-18 2012-06-27 湖南江滨机器（集团）有限责任公司 一种活塞及其裙部截面形状的优化方法
DE102013219784A1 (de) * 2013-09-30 2015-04-02 Federal-Mogul Friedberg Gmbh Gleitringe mit ledeburitischem Gefüge an der Oberfläche
CN107636276B (zh) * 2015-05-12 2020-03-13 瓦锡兰芬兰有限公司 四冲程内燃发动机以及用于该发动机的活塞
CN115676815A (zh) * 2022-07-21 2023-02-03 李鑫 铁水孕育人造石墨负极材料的制造装置及方法

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US4216682A (en) * 1977-08-23 1980-08-12 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Fiber-reinforced light alloy cast article
DE3321212A1 (de) * 1983-06-11 1984-12-13 Kolbenschmidt AG, 7107 Neckarsulm Aus einem leichtmetallwerkstoff gegossenes bauteil fuer brennkraftmaschinen
GB8328576D0 (en) * 1983-10-26 1983-11-30 Ae Plc Reinforcement of pistons for ic engines
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006038180A1 (de) 2008-02-21
WO2008019814A1 (fr) 2008-02-21
CN101360906A (zh) 2009-02-04

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