Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/002—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits
  • A01N25/004—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing a foodstuff as carrier or diluent, i.e. baits rodenticidal

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of pesticides, in particular a rodenticidal mixture, a rodenticidal bait formulation containing such a mixture, processes for their preparation and their use and a method for controlling rodent rodents.
• Rodent rodents such as mice and rats, cause considerable economic damage through the destruction and contamination of stocks and destruction of buildings, electrical equipment and land.
• mice and rats are carriers of numerous infectious diseases such as plague, typhoid, leptospirosis, tri- chinosis and salmonellosis. Effective control of these rodents is therefore indispensable.
• anticoagulants such as coumarin and indandione derivatives.
• coagulation inhibitors such as coumarin and indandione derivatives.
• These agents are easy to handle, relatively harmless to humans and offer the advantage that the fighters determined by the delayed onset no connection with the recorded bait and avoid it. This is particularly important in social animals such as rats, where individual animals serve as tasters, an important consideration.
• the said document proposes to examine the possibility of using anesthetics and analgesics in rodenticidal formulations containing anticoagulants.
• Individual investigations in this direction were carried out.
• KE Littin and CE O'Connor report co-administration of rodenticides and analgesics (in: Ramus A, Pinheiro Machado Filho LC, and Hötzel MJ (eds) Proceedings of the 34th International Congress of the International Society of Applied Ethology P. 159. Federal University of Santa Catarina: Florianopolis, Brazil).
• the object of the invention was therefore to provide practicable rodenticidal bait formulations, which allow control of harmful rodents, which is less painful for the affected animals.
• the problem is solved by a rodenticidal mixture which contains a painkiller and a biocide in a certain ratio in addition to a rodenticide.
• the invention therefore relates to a rodenticidal mixture containing
• the mixture according to the invention exhibits excellent stability and is outstandingly suitable for effective control of rodents.
• the expression rodenticide denotes a solid or liquid active substance which is suitable for controlling rodent rodents, preferably rodents, in particular rats and mice.
• Suitable classes of rodenticides include:
• anticoagulants in particular coumarin derivatives such as brodifacoum (a1), bromadiolone (a2), coumachlor (a3), coumafuryl (a4), coumatetralyl (a5), difenazoum (a6), difethialone (a7), Flocoumafen (a8) and warfarin (a9), indandione derivatives such as chlorophacinone (a10), diphacinone (a1 1) and pindone (a12),
• coumarin derivatives such as brodifacoum (a1), bromadiolone (a2), coumachlor (a3), coumafuryl (a4), coumatetralyl (a5), difenazoum (a6), difethialone (a7), Flocoumafen (a8) and warfarin (a9)
• indandione derivatives such as chlorophacinone (a10), diphacinone (a
• inorganic rodenticides such as arsenic oxide (a13), phosphorus (a14), potassium arsenite (a15), sodium arsenite (a16), thallium sulphate (a17) and zinc phosphide (a18);
• organochlorine rodenticides such as ⁇ -HCH (a19), HCH (a20) and lindane (a21);
• organophosphorus rodenticides such as phosacetim (a22);
• urea rodenticides such as pyrinuron (a25);
• unclassified rodenticides such as bromethalin (a28), chloralose (a29), ⁇ -chlorohydrin (a30), ergocalciferol (a31), fluroroacetamide (a32), flupropadine (a33), norbormide (a34), sodium fluoroacetate (a35) and Vitamin D3 (a36).
• Preferred rodenticides are anticoagulants, in particular coumarin derivatives, particularly preferably flocoumafen and difenacoum. Also preferred are mixtures of an anticoagulant with ergocalciferol or vitamin D3.
• the proportion of the rodenticide component (a) in the mixture according to the invention is preferably from 0.015 to 99.5% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.15 to 99% by weight.
• analgesic an active ingredient, the toxicity caused by the rodenticide in the affected Schadnager relieves and thus includes classic painkillers (analgesics) as well as sedatives, anxiolytics and antidepressants.
• Suitable analgesics are opioid analgesics and non-opioid analgesics.
• Suitable opioid analgesics are, for example, morphine (b1), codeine (b2), dihydrocodine (b3), hydromorphone (b4), oxycodone (b5), hydrocodone (b6), pethidine (b7), levomethadone (b8), levacetylmethadol (b9 ), Piritramide (b10), pentazocine (b11), buprenorphine (b12), nalbuphine (b13), tilidine (b14), tramadol (b15) and methadone (b16)
• Non-opioid analgesics include NSAIDs, non-acidic antipyretic analgesics, pyrazole derivatives, and compounds that do not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis.
• Suitable non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are, in particular, salicylic acid derivatives, such as acetylsalicylic acid (b17), amides of salicylic acid (b18), salsalate (b19) and diflunisal (b20), acetic acid derivatives, such as indomethacin (b21), acetomacin (b22) , Diclofenac (b23) and lonazolac (b24), propionic acid derivatives such as ibuprofen (b25), flurbiprofen (b26), ketoprofen (b27), dexketoprofen (b28), naproxen (b29) and tiaprofenoic acid (b30), oxicams such as piroxicam (b31), tenoxi
• Non-opioid analgesics which do not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, include nefopam (b47) and flupirtine (b48).
• Suitable sedatives include, for example, narcotics such as propofol (b49), neuroleptics (b50) such as promethazine, opioids such as fentanyl (b51) and sulfentanil (b52), ⁇ -2 adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine (b53), barbiturates , such as phenobarbital (b54) and pentobarbital (b55) and benzodiazepines, which are listed among the anxiolytics.
• narcotics such as propofol (b49), neuroleptics (b50) such as promethazine, opioids such as fentanyl (b51) and sulfentanil (b52), ⁇ -2 adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine (b53), barbiturates , such as phenobarbital (b54) and pentobarbital (b55) and benzodiazepines, which
• Suitable anxiolytics include benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (b56), bromazepam (b57), breadizolam (b58), chlordiazepoxide (b59), clobazam (b60), clonazepam (b61), diazepam (b62), clorazepate (b63), flunitrazepam (b64) , Flurazepam (b65), loprazolam (b66), lorazepam (b67), lormetazepam (b68), medazepam (b69), midazolam (b70), nitrazepam (b71), nordazepam (b72), oxazepam (b73), prazepam ( b74), temazepam (b75), tetrazepam (b76) and triazolam (b77).
• alprazolam b56
• bromazepam bromazepam
• Suitable antidepressants are, for example, tricyclic antidepressants, such as doxepin (b78), imipramine (b79), clomipramine (b80), amitriptyline (b81), trimipramine (b82) and
• Preferred analgesics are analgesics and sedatives. Further preferred are mixtures of analgesics and sedatives.
• Preferred analgesics are morphine, codeine, dihydrocodein, hydromorphine, oxycone, pethidine, tramadol, methadone, acetylsalicylic acid, diflunisal, naproxen, proxicam, tenoxicam, meloxicam, paracetamol and phenazone.
• Preferred sedatives are propofol, clonidine, barbiturates, such as phenobarbital and pentobarbital and benzodiazepines, in particular those listed in the Anxiolytika.
• Preferred mixtures of analgesics and sedatives are mixtures comprising one or more analgesics from the group of morphine, codeine, dihydrocodine, hydromorphine, oxycodone, pethidine, tramadol, methadone, acetylsalicylic acid, diflunisal, naproxen, proxicam, tenoxicam, meloxicam, paracetamol and phenazone and one or more several sedatives from the group propofol, clonidine, phenobarbital, pentobarbital, alprazolam, bromazepam, Brotizolam, chlordiazepoxide, clobazam, clonazepam, diazepam, clorazepat, flunitrazepam, flurazepam, loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam, medazepam, midazolam, nitrazep
• rodenticide a
• analgesic b
• barbiturates which, in addition to the desired sedative effect, may be lethal at a higher dosage.
• the proportion of the analgesic in the mixture according to the invention is preferably from 10 to 8 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably from 10 to 7 to 75% by weight, very particularly preferably from 10 to 6 to 50% by weight, in particular from 10 to 5 % 50% by weight.
• biocide in the sense of the invention denotes a disinfectant or preservative having activity against viruses, microbes, fungi, harmful arthropods and / or helminths.
• Suitable biocides are, for example, benzyl alcohol; 2,4-dichlorobenzyl; 2-phenoxyethanol; 2-phenoxyethanolhemiformal, phenylethyl alcohol; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; bronopol; Formaldehyde; dimethyloldimethylhydantoin; glyoxal; Glutaraldehyde; sorbic acid; benzoic acid; salicylic acid; p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters; Chloroacetamide; N-methylolchloroacetamide; Phenols such as p-chloro-m-cresol, o-phenylphenol and Na-o-phenylphenolate, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine; 1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine derivatives; Quaternary ammonium compounds, such as N (Ci 2 -Ci 8 ) -, (Ci 2 -C
• biocides are fungicides such as captan, folpet, metam-Na, nabam, thiabendazoles, dazomet, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, propiconazole and TCMTB (2-benzothiazolylthio) methyl thiocyanate); Arthropodizides (insecticides and acari- cides) such as ⁇ -cypermethrin, cyfluthrin, permethrin, fipronil, imidacloprid, thiametoxam, metaflumizone, amitraz and abamectin (avermectin) and helminthicides.
• fungicides such as captan, folpet, metam-Na, nabam, thiabendazoles, dazomet, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, propiconazole and TCMTB (2-benzothiazolylthio) methyl thio
• Preferred biocides are chloro-m-cresol.
• Fungicides such as o-phenylphenol and its sodium and potassium salts, chlorothalonil, propiconazole and tebuconazole, insecticides such as cyfluthrin, fipronil, imidaclapride, thiametoxam, metaflumizone and amitraz.
• insecticides which have an antiparasitic action, in particular against fleas and ticks, is preferred, since this not only fights the rodents, but also parasites transmitted by them, such as fleas.
• bactericides are Proxel ® from ICI or Acticide ® RS from. Thor Chemie, Kathon ® MK from Rohm & Haas and Dow Elanco Dowicil ® of.
• Component (c) preferably contains a biocide. Further preferably, component (c) contains two or three, in particular two, biocides. Preferred mixtures of biocides are mixtures containing one or more bactericides and / or one or more fungicides and one or more insecticides, in particular antiparasitic agents.
• mixtures according to the invention comprising one or more bactericides, in particular benzoic acid and its sodium salts, methylisothiazolinone,
• Chloromethylisothiazolinone and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one Chloromethylisothiazolinone and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one; one or more fungicides, in particular chlorothalonil, propiconazole and o-phenylophenol and its Na and
• K salts K salts; and one or more insecticides, in particular pyrethroids, such as cyfluthrin and ⁇ -cypermethrin, abanectin, fipronil, neonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid and thiame- toxam, and organophosphorus compounds, such as chlorpyrifos.
• pyrethroids such as cyfluthrin and ⁇ -cypermethrin
• abanectin such as cyfluthrin and ⁇ -cypermethrin
• abanectin such as cyfluthrin and ⁇ -cypermethrin
• fipronil such as imidacloprid and thiame- toxam
• organophosphorus compounds such as chlorpyrifos.
• the proportion of biocide component (c) is preferably from 0.1 to 99% by weight, particularly preferably from 1 to 97% by weight.
• rodenticides (a), painkillers (b) and biocides (c) are commercially available compounds which are described, for example, with references to their preparation and manufacturers in:
• mixtures (M) according to the invention which contain one of the following combinations of components (a), (b) and (c) according to the invention:
• the mixture according to the invention consists of the rodenticide, analgesic and biocidal component. It serves in this form generally as a so-called premix for the production of rodenticidal bait formulations according to the invention.
• the mixture according to the invention is a rodenticidal bait formulation which, in addition to the rodenticide, analgesic and biocide components, contains at least one bait and optionally further auxiliaries and / or additives.
• Another object of the invention is therefore a rodenticidal bait formulation containing
• the formulations according to the invention preferably contain 10 to 99% by weight (based on the sum of (A), (B) and (C)), particularly preferably 20 to 90% by weight, of the bait material.
• bait materials vegetable or animal food and feed are generally used. Suitable are, for example, grits, grains, flakes or flours (for example, soy or cereals such as oats, wheat, barley, corn or rice), coconut flakes u. flour, sugar syrups (for example obtained by hydrolysis of starch (glucose syrup), invert sugar syrup, beet sugar syrup, maple syrup), sugars (for example sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose), nut rasps and the like.
• grits, grains, flakes or flours for example, soy or cereals such as oats, wheat, barley, corn or rice
• coconut flakes u. flour for example obtained by hydrolysis of starch (glucose syrup), invert sugar syrup, beet sugar syrup, maple syrup
• sugars for example sucrose, lactose, fructose, glucose
• nut rasps and the like.
• flour for example hazelnut, walnut, almond
• vegetable fat / oils for example rapeseed oil, soy butter, sunflower oil, cocoa butter, peanut oil, peanut butter, corn oil
• animal fat oils for example lard, fish oil
• proteins for example skimmed milk powder, egg powder, protein hydrolysates
• minerals for example table salt
• the formulations according to the invention comprise one or more of the bait materials mentioned above.
• two different bait materials are used in the formulations according to the invention.
• the bait also contains one or more attractants in a preferred embodiment.
• An attractant in the context of the invention is a substance (or mixture of substances) which is feeding stimulating or otherwise, in particular by smell (for example, as a sexual attractant), the attention of the rodent rodent directed on the bait without being a feed in the strict sense.
• attractants are pheromones, yeast, ground crustaceans, feces, berries, chocolate, fish meal, meat, black pepper and flavor enhancers such as glutamates, especially sodium glutamate and disodium glutamate.
• the proportion of attractants is generally 0 to 10 wt .-%, preferably 0 to 1 wt .-%, based on the total formulation.
• C common additives
• dyes include dyes, bittering agents, flow agents, binders and weatherability improvers and antioxidants.
• Dyes are often added and the bait formulation thus clearly marked as inedible to avoid accidental ingestion by humans or non-target animals.
• blue dyes are used to quench birds. But they can also serve to prove the consumption of bait in the feces or in vomit of the rodents.
• Bitter substances also serve to avoid the erroneous enjoyment by humans.
• denatonium benzoate which in a suitable concentration (generally 1 to 200 ppm, in particular 5 to 20 ppm) has a highly disgusting taste for humans but not for rodents.
• Binders may fix the mixture of the invention onto the surface of the bait component (eg cereal grains) or, for example in the case of pastes, impart structure and cohesion.
• Plasticizers such as mineral earths and aluminum silicates, facilitate extrusion and are therefore often used in pellets and extruded blocks.
• Paraffin waxes are, for example, suitable as agents for improving the weather resistance.
• Suitable antioxidants are, for example, t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxytolulols and butylated hydroxyanisoles, preferably in an amount of 10 ppm to 20,000 ppm.
• TBHQ t-butylhydroquinone
• the adjuvants (C) used generally depend on the type of bait formulation used.
• Preferred bait formulations are food baits, especially seed lures and corresponding mordants therefor, pellets, waxed pellets, ingot wax blocks, pressed or extruded wax blocks, pastes, gels, granules and foams.
• Food baits are often made of grain, which may be in different fine form, for example in the form of grains or as a more or less finely ground flour.
• a flour-shaped bait has the advantage that it can be badly transported and hoarded by the animals, but is unwieldy in the application (dust) and quickly perishable.
• the mixture according to the invention and other auxiliaries can be applied to the surface of the lining materials, in particular in conjunction with binders. Preference is therefore given to a dressing of such feed with the mixture according to the invention on the type of Seizegutbeize.
• a rodenticide formulation comprising
• At least one rodenticide at least one polyol; an adhesive, and optionally a monosaccharide and / or a disaccharide and / or an oligosaccharide,
• Corresponding mordants according to the invention contain from 0.01% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.01 to 1% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.02 to 0.2% by weight, of a mixture of the components according to the invention (a ), (b) and (c).
• the content of polyol is 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%.
• the content of adhesive is 1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 1 to 5 wt .-%.
• the content of monosaccharide and / or disaccharide and / or oligosaccharide is 10 wt .-% to 50.0 wt .-%, preferably 10.0 to 35.0 wt .-%, particularly preferably 15.0 to 25.0 wt .-%.
• Suitable polyols are glycol, polyethylene glycol, glycerol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, preferably glycerol.
• Suitable monosaccharides are glucose, fructose, galactose, preferably fructose.
• Suitable disaccharides are sucrose, maltose, lactose, preferably sucrose (for example in pure form or as molasses, beet sugar).
• a suitable oligosaccharide is starch.
• Suitable adhesives are ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol (for example, Mowiol ® 4-98, Clariant, Rhodoviol ® 60-20, Rhone-Poulenc), polyvinylpyrrolidone (Sokalan ® HP 50, BASF, Kollidon ® 25, BASF, Luvitec ® K80, BASF Agrimer ® A, ISP Global Specifications), polyacrylates (for example Sokalan ® PA 1 10 S, BASF), polymethyl methacrylates, water-soluble polyolefin derivatives such as Polybutenderivate, Polyethylenoxi- de (for example polyethers) or Polyisobutylderivate (for example, copolymers of polyolefins and maleic anhydride derivatives (for example, BA Densodrin ® , BASF), polystyrene derivatives (for example copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride derivatives or cop
• Ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers polyacrylates (for example Sokalan ® PA 1 10 S, BASF), polymethyl methacrylates, polystyrene derivatives (for example copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride derivatives or copolymers of styrene and acrylic acid derivatives or latex copolymers based on styrene / butadiene, available for example as Semkote E -125, Uniqema) and polyethylene wax (for example commercially available as Poligen ® WE 7 BASF);
• polyacrylates for example Sokalan ® PA 1 10 S, BASF
• polymethyl methacrylates polystyrene derivatives (for example copolymers of styrene and maleic anhydride derivatives or copolymers of styrene and acrylic acid derivatives or latex copolymers based on styrene / butadiene, available for example as Semkot
• formulations according to the invention may optionally contain further auxiliaries, for example surfactants (such as wetting agents, adhesives and dispersants), anti-foaming agents, thickeners and dyes.
• auxiliaries for example surfactants (such as wetting agents, adhesives and dispersants), anti-foaming agents, thickeners and dyes.
• surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalenesulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, as well as sulfonated naphthalene condensation products and
• Naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde condensation products of naphthalene or naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, polyoxyethyleneoctylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ether, tributylphenyl polyglycol ether, tristyrylphenyl polyglycol ether, alkylarylpoly- ether alcohols, alcohol and fatty alcohol ethylene oxide condensates, ethoxylated castor oil, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, ethoxylated polyoxypropylene, lauryl alcohol polyglycol ether acetal, sorbitol esters, lignosulfite liquors and methyl cellulose.
• thickeners ie compounds which impart a pseudoplastic flow behavior to the formulation, ie high viscosity at rest and low viscosity in the agitated state
• thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides or organic layer minerals such as xanthan gum (Kelzan® from Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (US Pat. Rhone Poulenc) or Veegum® (RT Vanderbilt) or Attaclay® (Engelhardt).
• antifoam agents examples include silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, fluoroorganic compounds and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable dyes are all customary for such purposes dyes. Both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes are useful in this case. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, Cl. Pigment Red 1 12 and Cl. Solvent Red 1 known dyes, as well as pigment blue 15: 4, pigment blue 15: 3, pigment blue 15: 2, pigment blue 15: 1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48: 2, pigment red 48: 1, pigment red 57: 1, pigment red 53: 1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108 and their color preparations (dyes) such as Dispers Blue 69-0007 compounds available from BASF.
• Dispers Blue 69-0007 compounds available from BASF.
• the treatment may be carried out by methods known to the person skilled in the art (for example by spraying or dipping / incubating the cereal grains in or with a formulation according to the invention, if appropriate a corresponding device such as a conti or batch stirrer).
• the formulation can preferably be diluted with up to 7.5 g of water / kg cereal grains.
• the treated grains can be dried.
• pellets are also preferred as bait formulation.
• Such pellets contain the mixture (A) according to the invention in admixture with optionally powdered or cracked linings (B), in particular cereals and thickeners, and other excipients (C).
• B optionally powdered or cracked linings
• C excipients
• Pellets are usually made by compression, extrusion and subsequent drying. The size of the pellets varies with the fought animals. Frequently, pellets are produced in cylindrical form with a diameter of 3 to 5 mm and a length of 5 to 10 mm.
• the proportion of the mixture (A) according to the invention in pellets is generally from 0.001 to 30% by weight.
• paraffin wax is added in one embodiment of the invention, which, however, reduces the palatability of the pellets for the rodents.
• a further preferred bait formulation are wax block formulations which comprise a mixture of feedstuffs, typically cereal grains, cereals or powder (B) of the component (A) according to the invention, optionally excipients (C) and paraffin wax.
• Wax block formulations offer the advantage of good weather resistance, but at the cost of palatability for the rodents. Wax block formulations are usually prepared by casting, extruding or pressing, the wax content being lower in the case of the latter methods, which increases the palatability with a similarly good weathering resistance. Wax block formulations can be made in a variety of forms, such as suspending or attaching in a bait station. In a preferred embodiment, the wax blocks contain a plurality of corners, as the animals prefer to gnaw at corners.
• a further preferred bait formulation are granules which, in addition to the component (A) according to the invention, contain a binder which is typically comminuted, for example ground (R) and optionally further excipient (C).
• a binder which is typically comminuted, for example ground (R) and optionally further excipient (C).
• R ground
• C optionally further excipient
• a variety of methods can be used to prepare the bait in granule form, for example, mechanical stirring or fluidized bed granulation.
• the mechanical stirring method is preferably used. Examples of the machines that can be used in such a mechanical stirring method are:
• Boiler and rotary drum granulators are used as the method steps: (a) The dry powder components (eg milled cereals and optionally attractants are carefully mixed together in a suitable mixer to form a premix.) Typical mixing times are on the order of 1 to 10 minutes, depending on the machines used Process step used mixer may also constitute the means by which the granulation is achieved.
• dry powder components eg milled cereals and optionally attractants
• Process step used mixer may also constitute the means by which the granulation is achieved.
• Component (A) and optionally other excipients (C), both preferably in the form of a liquid concentrate, are added to the premix described in (a) and the mixture is mixed until homogeneous.
• the concentrate is sprayed onto the premix to assist in the production of a uniform distribution. Typical mixing times are on the order of 10 to 30 minutes.
• aqueous solution of the film-forming binder optionally containing a preservative is sprayed onto the mixture described in (b) while mixing the mixture.
• the solution of the film-forming binder may be mixed with the drug concentrate, and the resulting sole liquid component may be sprayed onto the powder premix.
• the granule mass is then dried to a specified level of moisture either in the granulator or in a separate apparatus (for example a fluidized bed dryer).
• a typical moisture content would be in the range of 1 to 15%.
• the drying times can vary and depend on the original moisture content, the drying temperature, the
• a typical drying temperature is 80 to 100 0 C and drying times are on the order of 30 minutes.
• the granules are sorted to the desired particle size range (for example by sieving).
• a further preferred bait formulation are gels (see for example WO 03/094612).
• gels include
• the gels according to the invention additionally comprise one or more of the following components:
• Humectants Oxidation stabilizers; - dyes; Bitters; other additives.
• Thickeners used are organic and inorganic macromolecules.
• Suitable organic macromolecules include cellulose derivatives, for example hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylpropylcelluloses, such as xanthans, alginates, carrageenan, agar-agar, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid.
• inorganic macromolecules inorganic gelling agents fumed silica and bentonites are called (for example, Rudolf Voigt, Pharmaceutical Technology, pages 362 to 385, Ulstein Mosby).
• alkali metal hydroxides for example, alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and amino derivatives such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine or ammonium hydroxide solution are used.
• Bases can be used to adjust the pH.
• humectants used are, for example, polyols, such as glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, sugar alcohols and polypropylene glycols. Humectants prevent the gel from drying out, leaving it elastic and not scattered when ingested by rodents.
• Suitable oxidation stabilizers are butylhydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherols (for example vitamin E) or ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof (for example ascorbic palmitate, sodium ascorbate).
• tocopherols for example vitamin E
• ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof for example ascorbic palmitate, sodium ascorbate.
• the food and feed can be stabilized by the addition of oxidation stabilizers.
• Particularly preferred are butylhydroxytoluene, vitamin E, ascorbic acid.
• Dyes which may be mentioned are blue, green and red pigment substances and blue, green and red soluble dyes (see Color Index, Fourth Edition: Hue blue, red, green), with blue dyes being preferred for quenching birds.
• a gel according to the invention can be dyed by dyes for warning purposes.
• the viscosity of the gels is widely variable and is generally from 5000 to 100,000 mPas.
• a preferred viscosity range is 8,000 to 60,000 mPas, a particularly preferred viscosity range is 10,000 to 50,000 mPas.
• the pH of the gels according to the invention is widely variable and is generally between pH 2 and pH 10.
• a preferred pH range is between pH 3 and pH 8.
• Another preferred type of bait formulations are hard or soft foams, preferably flexible foams.
• Hard foams which can be used according to the invention are described, for example, in FR-PS 2 676 888 and US Pat. No. 4,190,734.
• Soft foams which can be used according to the invention are described, for example, in GB-PS 1 053 088 and GB 1 274 442.
• hydrophilic polymers having an average molecular weight of 2,000 to 60,000 (determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC)) from the series of long-chain polyurethanes, polyesters, polyesterpolyols, polystyrenes, polybutadienes, maleic acid polymers, in each case in the polymer chain Carboxyl- or amino-modified, long-chain, aliphatic C 6 -C 22 fatty acids such as palmitic acid, dodecanoic acid and stearic acid or their alkali metal, alkaline earth and ammonium salts, and optionally further auxiliaries from the series dyes, emulsifiers, solvents, Lock and lining materials.
• GPC gel permeation chromatography
• Polymers which can be used according to the invention are physically drying binders, for example those whose binders are based on a fully reacted linear polyurethane of (i) a polyesterpolyol, (ii) a chain extender and (iii) a diisocyanate and (iv) a hydroxycarboxylic acid.
• polyester polyols (i) for preparing such polyurethanes are adipic acid, alkanediol, and polyester diols in the molecular weight range from 600 to 3,000.
• the alkanediols are, for example, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol or mixtures of such glycols.
• Suitable chain extenders (ii) are, for example, diols of the type used to prepare the polyester diols and also diamines such as hexamethylenediamine or isophoronediamine.
• Suitable diisocyanates (iii) are, for example, 4,4-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, isophorone diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate.
• the polyurethanes are prepared in a manner known per se by reacting the starting materials, with an equivalent valent ratio of isocyanate groups to isocyanate groups of reactive groups of 0.9: 1 to 1, 1: 1 is maintained.
• oxidatively drying binders examples which may be mentioned are binders based on polybutadiene, styrene and maleic anhydride with ionic groups, as described in applications EP-OS 0 170 184 and EP-OS 0 270 795.
• the hydrophilic polymers have an average molecular weight of from 2000 to 60000 g / mol, preferably from 2500 to 25000 g / mol. They are present in the finished formulation in a concentration of 2.5 to 40, preferably 2.5 to 10 wt .-% based on the weight of the total formulation.
• the systems thus prepared are premixes. As a rule, they must be diluted with water in amounts of 0 to 80% before application.
• the preparation of the flexible foams can be carried out in a conventional manner by stirring or shaking. Another possibility is in situ production by means of blowing agents during the application.
• Suitable blowing agents for the preparation of the formulations according to the invention are CO 2 N 2 O, lower alkanes such as propane or n-butane, isobutane, halogen-containing lower alkanes and low-boiling ethers such as dimethyl ether and mixtures of said blowing agents.
• the bait formulation according to the invention comprises a particulate mixture which, in addition to particles containing a feed material and the mixture (A) according to the invention, also contains particles which contain a feed material with a different taste from the first feed material and are present in Size, shape, surface or internal texture, color, density and / or content differ from the first particles.
• the non-rodenicide particles are contained, for example, in an amount of from 2.5 to 10% by weight (based on the total formulation).
• the non-rodenticidal particles are preferably based on cereals and preferably contain at least one further attractant from the group chocolate, dried and ground crustaceans, yeast, feces, fish meal, meat and berries.
• the bait formulations according to the invention are suitable for controlling rodents.
• rodent includes according to the invention in addition to rodents also other harmful vertebrates (vertebrates) with the exception of humans.
• Rodent animals of the order Rodentia preferably from the family of long-tailed mice (Musidae, in particular old world mice (Murinae), are particularly to be combated.)
• the genera Rattus and Mus, Microtus are also among other things also Apodemus, Microtus, Arvicola and Clethrionomys, in particular the species Rattus norvegicus, Rattus rattus, Rattus argentiventer, Rattus exulans, Mussp arvicola terestrisis, Microtus arvalis, Microtus pennsylvanicus, Tatera indica, Peromyscus leucopus, Peromyscus maniculatus, Mastomys natalensis, Sigmodon hispidus, Arvicanthis niloticus, Bandicota bengalensis, Bandicota indica Nesokia indica, Meriones hurrinanae and Millard
• the formulations according to the invention are also suitable for controlling other harmful vertebrates (vertebrates), e.g. of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), opossum (Didelphidae), cous (Trichosurus, especially the fox's cuscus (T richosurus vulpecula), Nutria (Myocastor coypus), rabbits (i.e., corresponding genera of the Leporinae subfamily and raccoons, especially Procyon lotor.
• vertebrates e.g. of foxes (Vulpes vulpes), opossum (Didelphidae), cous (Trichosurus, especially the fox's cuscus (T richosurus vulpecula), Nutria (Myocastor coypus), rabbits (i.e., corresponding genera of the Leporinae subfamily and raccoons, especially Procyon lotor.
• the invention therefore also provides a method for controlling rodents, wherein a bait formulation according to the invention is applied in the habitat of the harmful vertebrates.
• the invention further relates to the use of a bait formulation according to the invention for controlling rodent rodents.
• the bait formulation according to the invention is suitable for application in rooms, such as basements, storage rooms, storerooms, stables or in the sewer and in the field, for example, in the corridors of the rodents or holes in which they live.
• the bait formulation according to the invention is applied in a bait box.
• bait boxes are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,750,326, US Pat. No. 4,349,982, DE-A 195 01 892, WO 02/102147, DE-A 10 2004 022 105 and DE-A 10 2004 022 103.
• Individual features of the mixtures according to the invention and bait formulations can be combined as desired. Such combinations are also the subject of the invention. Dosing instructions reflect the general use, but can also be exceeded or fallen below in individual cases.
• the subject of the invention is therefore also a bait box containing a bait formulation according to the invention.
• Type of formulation Wax block prepared by compressing a homogenized mixture of:
• Acticide ® MBS (MMiisscchhuunncg of methyl-4-isothiazolin and 1, 2-Benziso- thiazoline-3-one, Thor GmbH, Speyer, Germany)
• Example 2 Type of formulation Wax block made by compressing a homogenized mixture
• Type of formulation Pellets - prepared by extruding a homogeneous mixture of:
• the components of the premix are successively added with stirring in a stirred vessel and homogenized with stirring at room temperature.

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• 2008
  • 2008-09-30 EP EP08837900A patent/EP2194790A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2008-09-30 AU AU2008309681A patent/AU2008309681A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2008-09-30 US US12/680,651 patent/US20100260813A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-09-30 WO PCT/EP2008/063101 patent/WO2009047175A2/de not_active Ceased
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