EP2199614B1 - Kombinierte Pump- und Abscheidemaschine für Ölkreislauf eines Turbostrahltriebwerks - Google Patents

Kombinierte Pump- und Abscheidemaschine für Ölkreislauf eines Turbostrahltriebwerks Download PDF

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EP2199614B1
EP2199614B1 EP08172593.9A EP08172593A EP2199614B1 EP 2199614 B1 EP2199614 B1 EP 2199614B1 EP 08172593 A EP08172593 A EP 08172593A EP 2199614 B1 EP2199614 B1 EP 2199614B1
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stage
liquid
phase
zone
machine
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2199614A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Cornet
Nicolas Raimackers
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Safran Aero Boosters SA
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Safran Aero Boosters SA
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Priority to EP08172593.9A priority Critical patent/EP2199614B1/de
Priority to CA2688790A priority patent/CA2688790C/en
Priority to US12/643,388 priority patent/US8231714B2/en
Publication of EP2199614A1 publication Critical patent/EP2199614A1/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D7/00—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts
    • F04D7/02—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type
    • F04D7/04—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous
    • F04D7/045—Pumps adapted for handling specific fluids, e.g. by selection of specific materials for pumps or pump parts of centrifugal type the fluids being viscous or non-homogenous with means for comminuting, mixing stirring or otherwise treating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0021—Degasification of liquids by bringing the liquid in a thin layer
    • B01D19/0026—Degasification of liquids by bringing the liquid in a thin layer in rotating vessels or in vessels containing movable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0042—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow
    • B01D19/0052—Degasification of liquids modifying the liquid flow in rotating vessels, vessels containing movable parts or in which centrifugal movement is caused
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D19/00—Degasification of liquids
    • B01D19/0063—Regulation, control including valves and floats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D31/00—Pumping liquids and elastic fluids at the same time

Definitions

  • the machine according to the invention must be able to manage the richness variations of the input mixture and allow to accept a mixture ranging from a pure gas to a pure liquid and to output the two separate phases of this mixture.
  • the technical field of application is more particularly that of the lubrication and cooling oil circuits of the turbomachines.
  • the invention relates to any application where a combination of the pumping and separating functions of several fluids is necessary.
  • the invention also applies to the separation of a gas / liquid mixture in which the gas / liquid ratio is highly variable.
  • the invention also relates to a method for the combined realization of pumping and separation in a lubrication and cooling oil circuit in an aeronautical engine, by implementation of the aforementioned machine.
  • a flow of oil is pumped over bearings, gears and bearings to lubricate and cool them.
  • a flow of air, taken from the compressor is forced from the outside towards the inside of the enclosure through seals at the air interfaces. 'engine shaft.
  • de-oiling / drying function is generally carried out by means of a specific device, called de-oiler.
  • de-oiler returns one side of the oil-free air, and on the other hand a two-phase mixture of air and oil to another part of the engine, called deaerator. Dynamic seals limit this flow taken from the engine, which improves its efficiency.
  • recovery pumps one per enclosure
  • a second specific circuit To ensure complete drying of the enclosure, a small portion of air is also sucked by this circuit and the mixture thus sucked by these pumps must be separated before returning the purified oil, thus free of air to the tank.
  • This separation operation is performed by means of a deaerator, which on the one hand returns oil purified to the tank, then pumped to the engine and a two-phase mixture of air and oil to the de-oiler.
  • the function of the deaerator is on the one hand to avoid cavitation problems resulting from the presence of air in the oil and on the other hand to guarantee the quality of the oil since the entrainment of a gas such as air in the oil can affect the performance of the hydraulic systems, because the gas introduces a certain degree of compressibility into the hydraulic fluid.
  • the two separation functions mentioned above correspond to physically distinct equipment in the current engines.
  • the separation system is generally decoupled from the pumping function.
  • the two-phase fluid passes through a separator operating according to the principle of centrifugation or decantation and to recover separately the two fluids.
  • the separation is achieved by the difference in density between the two fluids.
  • the oil flow is then ensured by a pump mounted in series on the deaerator.
  • the patent US 3,240,003 A describes a machine for separating a liquid from a flow of gas to which the liquid is mixed, comprising a pipe provided with an enlargement in which is rotated, along the axis of the pipe, a centrifugal separator in the form of an element hollow frustoconical section which makes it possible to collect the liquid under the effect of the centrifugal force, via a porous mass traversed by the gas / liquid mixture, in an annular space at the widest periphery of said frustoconical element.
  • the liquid is then entrained in a tank by means of a scoop system in the form of a fixed collection tube whose two ends plunge into the annular space and face in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the liquid when the separator rotates.
  • This system does not have a suction function.
  • the document EP 0 298 442 A2 discloses a machine for degassing a fluid to be pumped comprising fiber suspensions in the paper industry.
  • This machine suitable only for deaeration, comprises a centrifugal pump in which the gas evacuation passage, from the exit of the rotor to the gas outlet pipe, is provided with screen surfaces which make it possible to separate the gas leaving the particles solids carried by the two-phase mixture, while avoiding clogging by these solid particles.
  • the system described in this document is poorly adapted to large variations in richness of the two-phase mixture, as is the case in turbomachines.
  • the document JP 60-014921 A discloses a machine for separating a gas-liquid mixture, comprising a rotating body in the center of which is introduced the mixture and acting as a centrifugal pump.
  • the liquid droplets of the mixture are separated by centrifugal force and discharged into a liquid outlet duct at the periphery of the machine.
  • the gas separated from the mixture is axially discharged into a gas outlet conduit.
  • the output gas drives a turbine.
  • the separation efficiency is increased by using a porous body that increases the size of the liquid droplets.
  • This machine is mainly suitable for de-oiling or drying a gas-rich mixture.
  • the patent US 4,198,218 discloses a device for removing humidified particles from a gas.
  • the particle-laden air is subjected to centrifugal force to separate the humidified particles from the air and separate the water from the particles.
  • the stream of air before it passes through a mechanical separator to remove any remaining particles.
  • This two-phase mixture may consist of a flow of oil polluted with air bubbles (emulsion) or containing air pockets (for example at low speed of the engine).
  • a scoop machine would be saturated and would not work well in the case of a flight of a plane performing maneuvers.
  • de-oilers which do not have a suction function and / or a discharge function.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the invention aims to improve the overall efficiency of the lubrication and cooling oil circuits of the turbomachines, allowing, by improving the air / oil separation quality, a reduction in the oil consumption, as well as a reduction in weight.
  • the invention also aims to improve the purity of the various fluid phases recovered at the output of the machine.
  • the invention also aims to provide a simplified system and reduced weight and size.
  • a second subject of the present invention relates to a lubricating and cooling oil circuit in an aeronautical engine, preferably a turbojet, comprising a combined pump and separation machine in two distinct phases.
  • purified diphasic fluid oil / air inlet of the machine, as described above.
  • the present invention discloses a machine in which the various aforementioned functions are applied separately, thanks to the use of a particular step such as for example (non-limiting): suction of the liquid / gas mixture, pressurization, degassing of the mixture, de-oiling of the gas extracted in the previous step, etc.
  • a particular step such as for example (non-limiting): suction of the liquid / gas mixture, pressurization, degassing of the mixture, de-oiling of the gas extracted in the previous step, etc.
  • the device consists of a impeller or rotor 1 with vanes, being in a frustoconical wall cavity for the displacement of the two-phase fluid to be separated 4, which allows a first axial-centrifugal separation and a deaeration within the rotor itself, a fixed volute 2, that is to say a spiral cavity formed between the fixed housing 8 and the radial end of the rotor 1 and a metal foam disk 3 for the final purification of the air.
  • the coupling of the rotor 1 to a motor external to the device is done through an axial mechanical shaft 6.
  • the first stage A above corresponds to the axial-centrifugal impeller 1, which gives the incoming two-phase fluid 4 the pressure necessary for the following functions.
  • a first axial-radial centrifugal separation already takes place at this level following the action of the centrifugal force on the two fluids of different densities (air and oil).
  • the second stage B corresponds to the air de-aeration and dewatering means 7 charged with liquid droplets in suspension 10.
  • the portion of the mixture enriched in oil by the first stage A is deaerated by centrifugation before being transmitted to the third stage C.
  • the second zone of the second stage B is located near the axis and is rotated.
  • This drying zone comprises or not a solid body such as a metal foam 3, through which air 7 is charged with oil. De-oiling of the air is generated by the separation of oil and air by centrifugal force differential acting on both phases. Alternatively, the metal foam 3 can be replaced by deoiling vanes. The droplets 10 colliding with a wall of this foam 3 are redirected to the volute 2 by the centrifugal action of the system.
  • the purified air 9 is extracted axially. The extraction of the purified air can advantageously be performed by an axial orifice made in the shaft 6 (not shown).
  • the oil released by this de-oiling zone is ejected at the periphery of the zone, which corresponds to the deaeration zone.
  • the third zone C allows the repression and the pressurization of the separated oil. It comprises the outermost part of the wheel 1 and the volute 2, which makes it possible to recover the oil leaving the second stage B, after complete separation of the oil and the air. Zone C is farther from the axis than zone B. This part also serves as a diffuser transforming the kinetic energy of the liquid into pressure.
  • the purified oil 5 is extracted axially or tangentially from the volute 2. This zone C thus also has a pumping function.
  • this equipment and any feed pump or pumps are driven by a single shaft 6.
  • the invention is advantageously compatible with a drive of the mechanical, electrical or other type.
  • these devices are integrated in the same housing 8.
  • the purity of the fluid leaving the volute in this case the oil in the case of the cooling and lubricating systems of the turbojets, is improved by the conservation of a liquid ring in the volute 2 regardless of the mixture at the entrance of the machine.
  • the figure 2 shows another embodiment of the invention, wherein the wheel 1 has been configured in its furthest part of the axis (the outermost) so as to allow an even more effective separation of the pure oil.
  • the wheel 1 may have a radial channel 2A opening substantially parallel to the direction of the centrifugal force in the volute 2. This embodiment is also intended to reduce the risk of reflux of the separated oil from the volute towards the inside of the machine.
  • the invention makes it possible to limit the risk of formation and expulsion of an air plug at the level of the volute.
  • the device of the invention can advantageously be integrated into the existing lubrication groups in the aircraft engines.
  • the invention proposes a buffer zone making it possible to manage the variations in the richness of the mixture and thus to accept a mixture of from a pure gas to a pure liquid and to obtain the two phases of this mixture separately. Obtaining these pure phases represents an advance from a point of view the impact on the environment by limiting the oil consumption, that is to say the rejection of oil with air.
  • Another advantage of the invention is the regulation of the outlet pressure of the oil as well as obtaining a sufficient and not excessive pressure at the outlet by the distance of the volute relative to the axis of rotation of the spinning wheel. In addition, this keeps a continuous circular sheet of liquid (oil) facilitating changes of engine speeds and flow regimes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Kombinierte Maschine zum Pumpen und Abscheiden eines zweiphasigen Flüssigkeits-Gas-Gemischs oder -Fluids am Eingang der Maschine, vorzugsweise Öl/Luft, in zwei unterschiedliche und gereinigte Phasen, umfassend Ansaug-, Pump- und partielle Abscheidemittel des zweiphasigen Fluids, Trocknungs- und Ableitungsmittel des abgeschiedenen Gases und Entgasungs- und Fördermittel der abgeschiedenen Flüssigkeit, wobei die Maschine mindestens drei physisch getrennte Stufen (A, B, C) umfasst, die imstande sind, von einem Mittel, das sich innerhalb oder außerhalb der Maschine befindet, in Bewegung gesetzt zu werden und die in einem einzigen Gehäuse (8) integriert sind:
    - eine erste Stufe (A), die mit einem Eingang (4) für das zweiphasige Fluid ausgestattet ist, in welcher das Ansaugen, das Pumpen und eine partielle Abscheidung des zweiphasigen Fluids in zwei unterschiedliche Phasen, eine im Wesentlichen flüssige Phase und eine im Wesentlichen gasförmige Phase, stattfindet, wobei die erste Stufe (A) mindestens teilweise ein kegelstumpfförmiges Axial-Zentrifugal-Laufrad (1) umfasst, das in einem festen Gehäuse (8) mit derselben Form in Rotation versetzbar ist, das an eine Antriebswelle (6) gekoppelt ist, die gemäß der Achse der Maschine angeordnet ist, wobei die Gesamtheit als Induktor bezeichnet wird, und das dem einlaufenden zweiphasigen Fluid einen Pumpdruck verleiht und die partielle Zentrifugalabscheidung in eine im Wesentlichen flüssige Phase und eine im Wesentlichen gasförmige Phase bewirkt,
    - eine zweite Stufe (B), die zwei Zonen umfasst:
    - eine erste Zone, in welcher die Entgasung der im Wesentlichen flüssigen, aus der ersten Stufe (A) ausgeleiteten Phase erfolgt, und
    - eine zweite Zone, in welcher die Trocknung der im Wesentlichen gasförmigen Phase erfolgt, die aus der ersten Stufe (A) ausgeleitet wird, die mit einem ersten Ausgang (9) für das getrocknete Gas ausgestattet ist,
    - eine dritte Stufe (C), in welcher die Förderung und die Druckbeaufschlagung der entgasten Flüssigkeit stattfindet, und die mit einem zweiten Ausgang (5) für die entgaste Flüssigkeit ausgestattet ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dritte Stufe (C) ein Spiralgehäuse (2) umfasst, das sich in Bezug zur Antriebswelle (6) distal befindet und konfiguriert ist, damit die am Ausgang der ersten Zone der zweiten Stufe (B) erhaltene Flüssigkeit in dem Spiralgehäuse (2) unter Druck gesetzt und durch den zweiten Ausgang (5) gefördert wird.
  2. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zwei Zonen der zweiten Stufe (B) konzentrisch sind, wobei die erste Zone ein im Wesentlichen ringförmiger Puffer am äußeren Umfang der zweiten Stufe (B) ist, der die Entgasung oder die Entlüftung der im Wesentlichen flüssigen Phase erlaubt, und die zweite Zone eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische Zone im Inneren der zweiten Stufe (B) ist, die die Trocknung oder die Entölung der im Wesentlichen gasförmigen Phase erlaubt.
  3. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erste Zone der zweiten Stufe (B) das äußerste Teil des Induktors (1) umfasst, das sich in Bezug zur Antriebswelle (6) distal befindet und konfiguriert ist, damit die nach der partiellen Abscheidung und Extraktion in der ersten Stufe (A) erhaltene Flüssigkeit entgast wird, bevor sie an die dritte Stufe (C) weitergeleitet wird.
  4. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Zone der zweiten Stufe (B) an die Antriebswelle (6) rotierend gekoppelt ist, sich in Bezug zur Welle (6) proximal befindet und konfiguriert ist, damit das nach der partiellen Abscheidung und Extraktion in der ersten Stufe (A) mit Flüssigkeitströpfchen belastete Gas mittels erzwungenen Durchgangs in die zweite Zone entölt und durch den ersten Ausgang (9) aus der Maschine ausgeleitet wird.
  5. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die zweite Zone eine Scheibe, die von einem porösen oder von Kanälen mit einem Innendurchmesser nach außen durchbrochenen Festkörper gebildet ist, oder auch Entölungschaufeln umfasst.
  6. Maschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste Ausgang (9) eine axiale, in der Antriebswelle (6) ausgebildete Öffnung umfasst.
  7. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spiralgehäuse (2) konfiguriert ist, um im Betrieb unabhängig von der Zusammensetzung des Gemischs am Eingang der Maschine einen kontinuierlichen Flüssigkeitsring in sich zu halten.
  8. Maschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geförderte Flüssigkeit (5) aus dem Spiralgehäuse (2) axial oder tangential ausgeleitet wird.
  9. Maschine nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spiralgehäuse (2) ein Ventil umfasst, das am Ausgang des Spiralgehäuses (2) platziert ist, wobei das Ventil eine Einstellung hat, die nur den Ausgang von Flüssigkeit erlaubt, das heißt, von Fluid mit höherer Dichte.
  10. Maschine nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Induktor (1) einen in seinem in Bezug zur Achse distalen Teil radialen Kanal (2A) aufweist, der im Wesentlichen parallel zur Richtung der Zentrifugalkraft, welcher das zweiphasigen Fluid ausgesetzt ist, in das Spiralgehäuse (2) mündet.
  11. Schmier- und Kühlölkreislauf in einem Luftfahrzeugmotor, vorzugsweise in einem Turboreaktor, der eine kombinierte Maschine zum Pumpen und Abscheiden des zweiphasigen Öl-Luft-Fluids am Eingang der Maschine in zwei unterschiedliche gereinigte Phasen umfasst, nach irgendeinem der vorangehenden Ansprüche.
  12. Methode für die kombinierte Umsetzung des Pumpens und Abscheidens eines zweiphasigen Öl-Luft-Fluids in zwei unterschiedliche und gereinigte Phasen in einem Schmier- und Kühlölkreislauf eines Luftfahrzeugmotors, wobei die Maschine nach irgendeinem der vorangehenden Ansprüche umgesetzt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in physisch getrennten Stufen (A, B, C) die jeweiligen Funktionen Ansaugen, Pumpen und partielles Abscheiden des zweiphasigen Fluids, Trocknen und Ableiten des abgeschiedenen Gases und Entgasen und Fördern der abgeschiedenen Flüssigkeit folgendermaßen durchgeführt werden:
    - in der ersten Stufe (A), die mit einem Eingang (4) für das zweiphasige Fluid ausgestattet ist, wird das Ansaugen, das Pumpen und das partielle Abscheiden des zweiphasigen Fluids in zwei unterschiedliche Phasen, eine im Wesentlichen flüssige Phase und eine im Wesentlichen gasförmige Phase, durchgeführt,
    - in der ersten Zone der zweiten Stufe (B) wird das Entgasen der im Wesentlichen flüssigen, aus der ersten Stufe (A) ausgeleiteten Phase durchgeführt,
    - in der zweiten Zone der zweiten Stufe (B) wird das Trocknen der im Wesentlichen gasförmigen, aus der ersten Stufe (A) ausgeleiteten Phase durchgeführt, wobei das gereinigte Gas letztendlich durch einen ersten Ausgang (9) ausgeleitet wird,
    - in der dritten Stufe (C) werden das Fördern und das Druckbeaufschlagen der gereinigten, aus der zweiten Stufe (B) ausgeleiteten Flüssigkeit durchgeführt, wobei die gereinigte Flüssigkeit in einem Spiralgehäuse (2) druckbeaufschlagt und letztendlich durch einen zweiten Ausgang (5) ausgeleitet wird.
EP08172593.9A 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Kombinierte Pump- und Abscheidemaschine für Ölkreislauf eines Turbostrahltriebwerks Active EP2199614B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08172593.9A EP2199614B1 (de) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Kombinierte Pump- und Abscheidemaschine für Ölkreislauf eines Turbostrahltriebwerks
CA2688790A CA2688790C (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-17 Combined pumping and separating machine for the oil circuit of a turbojet
US12/643,388 US8231714B2 (en) 2008-12-22 2009-12-21 Combined pumping and separating machine for the oil circuit of a turbojet

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08172593.9A EP2199614B1 (de) 2008-12-22 2008-12-22 Kombinierte Pump- und Abscheidemaschine für Ölkreislauf eines Turbostrahltriebwerks

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EP2199614A1 EP2199614A1 (de) 2010-06-23
EP2199614B1 true EP2199614B1 (de) 2016-09-28

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EP (1) EP2199614B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2688790C (de)

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CA2688790A1 (en) 2010-06-22
EP2199614A1 (de) 2010-06-23
CA2688790C (en) 2015-08-25
US8231714B2 (en) 2012-07-31
US20100162889A1 (en) 2010-07-01

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