EP2215355A2 - Verfahren zur regelung der elektrischen last einer windenergieanlage - Google Patents
Verfahren zur regelung der elektrischen last einer windenergieanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2215355A2 EP2215355A2 EP08854599A EP08854599A EP2215355A2 EP 2215355 A2 EP2215355 A2 EP 2215355A2 EP 08854599 A EP08854599 A EP 08854599A EP 08854599 A EP08854599 A EP 08854599A EP 2215355 A2 EP2215355 A2 EP 2215355A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hub
- wind turbine
- control
- load
- rotor blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/043—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the type of control logic
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
- F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
- F03D7/042—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller
- F03D7/047—Automatic control; Regulation by means of an electrical or electronic controller characterised by the controller architecture, e.g. multiple processors or data communications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/70—Type of control algorithm
- F05B2270/706—Type of control algorithm proportional-integral-differential
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/70—Type of control algorithm
- F05B2270/708—Type of control algorithm with comparison tables
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2270/00—Control
- F05B2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
- F05B2270/808—Strain gauges; Load cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for regulating the electrical load of a wind power plant, wherein the wind power plant has at least one rotor blade having at least one load sensor, which is coupled to a hub via an actuator, and a power train coupled to the hub, wherein the power train at least one transmission and / or a generator-converter system having a corresponding electrical load, wherein the method comprises determining the load on the rotor blade by means of the load sensor, a determination of a manipulated variable and a tracking of the rotor blade by means of the actuator based on the determined manipulated variable.
- Modern wind turbines adapt to the given wind parameters. In particular, this is done by an actuator of the rotor blades, which is also called pitch drive, which rotates the rotor blades out of the wind, especially in case of overload, and the regulated converter, which processes the voltage induced in the generator for the power grid.
- the control of the converter and the actuator of the rotor blades by means of a wind turbine controller, which converter side, d. h., That the wind turbine controller is located in the stationary part of the wind turbine and not in the rotating part (eg hub), so that the fastest possible control of the converter and thus the electrical load in the generator-converter system.
- the communication with the actuator or the actuators of the rotor blades takes place via a slip ring, via which the data is exchanged. The communication is delayed over the slip ring (running).
- a rotor is provided as drive for a transmission, wherein rotatable rotor blades are mounted on a rotor hub of the rotor about its longitudinal axis.
- An alternator is connected to the gearbox and to a power grid.
- the response times for actuators of the rotor blades using the pitch motors is relatively long. This response time is also extended by the fact that due to the transmission through the drive train, a mechanical load on the rotor blades can only be determined on the network side with a time delay. Now, if the pitch for the pitch motors by the converter-side Steueurung means of the wind turbine controller as a control signal via the slip ring back over the driveline to the actuators (pitch motors) transmitted, the response time is extended again.
- the rotor axis substantially radially projecting rotor blade having rotor, a rotor associated sensor means for generating sensor signals in response to the mechanical load of the rotor and the sensor signals received evaluation, in particular data processing device, wherein at least one, preferably each rotor blade of the rotor at least two, vorzugêts paired, mounted sensor elements are assigned and the evaluation device for determining the mechanical loads of at least one rotor blade performing evaluation signals on the basis of this rotor blade to ordered sensor elements generated sensor signals is designed.
- the object of the invention is to improve the state of the art.
- the object is achieved by a wind energy plant, which is designed in particular for controlling the electrical load, wherein the wind turbine at least one at least one load sensor exhibiting rotor blade, which is coupled via an actuator to a hub, and coupled to the hub performance strssen, wherein the power train has at least one gear and / or a generator converter system with a corresponding electrical load, characterized in that the wind turbine has a hub-side control, which is a determination of the load on the rotor blade by means of the load sensor, a determination of a manipulated variable and realizes a tracking of the rotor blade by means of the actuator on the basis of the specific manipulated variable.
- the term "electrical load” is to be understood as the behavior of the wind energy plant on the (feed) network. Depending on the wind force, this electrical load can be formed differently.
- the actuators of the type described here include, in particular pitch motors, which rotate the rotor blade with respect to the hub so that the rotor blade forms a different adjustment angle. These actuating angles can be used to influence the mechanical load on the rotor blade. Through the coupling of the drive train, this mechanical load can also have an effect on the electrical load on the network.
- a generator-converter system of the type mentioned here serves to generate and condition the voltage which is delivered to the grid.
- the rotation of the rotor blades and the coupling via the drive train induce a voltage in the generator.
- This voltage is processed in variable-speed wind turbines by means of converter for the network.
- Such a converter comprises the actual converter and may additionally comprise a transformer.
- the converter converts the generator voltage into a DC voltage and then into a network-synchronous AC voltage.
- the controls of the interventions are implemented by the wind turbine controller.
- An embodiment of such a wind energy Anlagencontrollers is described in DE 10219664, the relevant content of which is part of the present document.
- the wind turbine can have a wind turbine controller on the converter side, which controls parts of the system on the basis of grid parameters.
- the hub-side control can already rotate the rotor blades out of the wind under critical load and in parallel control the wind turbine controller on the converter side.
- data can be exchanged between the hub-side control and the wind turbine controller. This allows the controllers to define criteria for an intervention.
- the hub-side control leave the servo motors unchecked, if the network side, the short-term higher output is not a problem.
- the hub-side controller can be designed as a master and the wind turbine controller as a slave.
- the hub-side controller could overwrite setting values already set by the wind turbine controller.
- the hub-side controller can be designed as a slave and the wind turbine controller as a master. In this configuration, cases are feasible in which the hub-side control has already initiated a "turning out" of the rotor blades, but this is not desired by the wind turbine controller, ie the control parameters of the hub-side control are overwritten by the wind turbine controller.
- the wind turbine can configure a master and slave function between wind turbine controller and hub side control mutually switchable.
- the on-board control can take over the function of the slave and sometimes the function of the master.
- the hub-side control based on a map, which includes load curves of the mechanical load on the rotor blades, take place.
- control specifications can be stored for specific environmental conditions.
- Such a map can be determined for example after setting up a wind turbine for one year. After that, the expensive computer, which converts the control tasks by means of a control algorithm, can be replaced by a low-cost FPGA component with associated tables, which together simulate the control functions.
- the object can be achieved by a method for controlling an actuator of a wind energy plant according to one of the previously described embodiments, wherein the control takes place on the hub side.
- a regulation of the electrical load which is applied to the grid and which essentially takes place by means of wind power plant controllers can be carried out independently of the hub-side control.
- a control of actuators can be made until the master gives a different specification.
- the object is achieved by a method for electrical load control of a wind turbine, wherein the wind turbine at least one at least one load sensor having rotor blade, which is coupled via an actuator to a hub, and coupled to the hub power train wherein the power train comprises at least one transmission and / or a generator-converter system with a corresponding electrical load, the method comprising determining the load on the rotor blade by means of the load sensor, determining a manipulated variable and tracking the rotor blade by means of the actuator based on the specific manipulated variable.
- the inventive method comprises one, two, three or more rotor blades.
- the actuator can be realized so that a bearing is mounted between the rotor blade and the hub.
- a ring gear may be mounted on the rotor blade, in which a gear, which is coupled to a servomotor, can rotate.
- the servomotor can be fixedly coupled to the hub, whereby a rotation of the rotor blade in relation to the hub is made possible.
- the power train may include a generator. In such an embodiment is then spoken by a ring generator.
- the power train may additionally include a transmission and the hub may be coupled to the transmission, wherein the transmission transforms the rotational speed of the hub, which has been impressed by the action of the wind on the rotor blades of the hub, in a mostly higher speed , This higher speed can be transformed by the generator into a voltage.
- the preparation of this voltage for the power grid can be done via a converter and in another embodiment additionally by means of a transformer.
- an electrical load is applied to the generator and the associated converter / network.
- At least two load sensors are aligned substantially orthogonal or at an angle not equal to zero.
- both the mechanical load in the direction of the blade tip of the rotor and the mechanical loads occurring perpendicular thereto can be determined electronically.
- a plurality of such sensors may be distributed over the rotor blade to determine a torsion of the rotor blade.
- the rotor blade can be tracked by means of actuator until one or more manipulated variables are reached.
- manipulated variables can be determined beforehand in test runs in which the electrical load is determined as a function of the load distribution on the rotor blade has been.
- These manipulated variables can be stored in tables accessed by the control unit.
- a control can be carried out by means of PID control. Such a control can be done by means of control unit and / or FPGAs.
- a control can be based on a characteristic field.
- This map can define various control values for the control.
- the recording of this map can again be done in advance by means of a test run or test runs. During these test runs, different load cases, such as rotor blade positions with corresponding rotations of the hub, are mapped and the corresponding load on the rotor blade is assigned to the electrical load.
- At least one signal value for determining the rotation of the hub and / or a fast shaft can be determined and integrated into the control.
- This signal value or manipulated variable can influence the regulation and thus determine the step size of the actuator.
- control can take place on the hub side. This can in particular have the advantage that the regulation takes place quickly, since a data transfer from rotating parts (hub) to stationary parts (machine house or wind turbine controller) is eliminated.
- a wind power plant controller can directly or indirectly regulate the electrical load in the generator-converter system via a converter on the power-train side.
- This can in particular have the advantage that the regulation of the actuator takes place independently of the regulation of the converter.
- fast regulation can be achieved by means of converter control and slower Controls by means of rotor blade adjustment done.
- direct means that the converter is regulated independently of the information of the mechanical load on the rotor blade by the wind turbine controller.
- Indirect means that the information and signals of the mechanical load are included in the control of the converter.
- a communication between the hub-side regulation of the rotor blades and the power-line-side regulation of the generator can take place.
- the control of the actuator to the converter parameters or the converter control can advantageously be adapted to the load parameters of the rotor blades.
- the hub-side control can be realized as a master and the power-line control as a slave. It can advantageously be done first hub side control.
- Fig. Ia a rotor blade with a fiber optic strain gauge in
- Fig. 3 shows a rotor blade with Torsionsbelastung and Fig. 4 illustrates the components involved in the inventive process.
- a rotor blade 100 is shown with incorporated fiber optic strain gauges 103.
- Such fiber optic strain gauges are based on fiber optic inscribed optical interference filters (fiber optic Bragg gratings).
- a bearing is flanged (shown here in exploded view). This bearing can be configured, for example, as rolling or plain bearings.
- a part of the bearing is flanged to the hub 107 (shown here in exploded view).
- the actuator 109 is located in the hub 107 of the actuator 109 (pitch motor) is located.
- This actuator is fixedly connected to the hub 107 and engages with its ring gear (not shown here) in the ring gear (not shown) of the rotor blade 100, that upon actuation of the actuator, the rotor blade 100 is rotated with respect to the hub 107.
- the flow conditions on the rotor blade 100 can be influenced.
- a rotor blade 100 is likewise shown, wherein strain gauges 104 are mounted on or in the rotor blade and are oriented essentially orthogonal to the strain gauge 103.
- the orthogonal strain gauges 104 may be configured as mechanical or as fiber optic strain gauges.
- the orthogonal strain gauges 104 can be configured at an angle between> 0 ° and 90 ° with respect to the strain gage 103, since the orthogonality determines an areal distribution of the forces.
- the force distribution along the rotor blade 100 can be determined by attaching a plurality of strain gauges to each other.
- FIG. 40 The influence of the wind 200 on the rotor blade 100 is shown in FIG. In particular, in the direction of the tip of the rotor blade 100, the rotor blade 100 undergoes a deformation. The strength of this deformation can be determined by means of the strain gage systems (201, 203, 205, 207 each with 103). [41] A torsional deformation of the rotor blade 100 is shown in FIG. The torsion can be determined in particular with the strain gauge systems (201, 203, 205, 207, 103 in each case).
- the mechanical load applied to the rotor blade 100 due to the deformation can be determined with the aid of the strain gauge systems or strain gauges, which are also referred to below as load sensors.
- FIG. 4 shows a part of a wind turbine, with tower 409, nacelle 407 and rotor blades 101 coupled to the hub 107 with a mounted 401 slow wave (not shown), by means of which one of the inventive methods is explained. Furthermore, the hub 107 is coupled to the transmission 423.
- the transmission 423 causes a torque transformation or a speed change, which is converted by the generator 411 into a voltage. This voltage is rectified by the converter 419 and converted into an AC voltage. This AC voltage is then conditioned by the transformer 421 for the grid.
- the rotor blade 100 is configured with strain gauges 103 (corresponding to FIGS. 1a, b). Now occurs one of the load cases as shown in Figures 2 and 3, the signal of the strain gauges 103 is evaluated with the electronic unit 404 and processed by means of signal conditioning. The determined loads are converted by means of control unit 405 and corresponding control algorithm, which implement the hub-side control, into a control signal for the actuators / servomotors (pitch motors) which align the rotor blade 100 in accordance with the wind conditions.
- a control unit 417 can regulate the electrical load on the generator 411 or generator-converter system via the converter 419. This is among other things in the WIND ENERGY HANDBOOK of Burton, Sharpe, Jenkins and Bossanyi 2001 (John Wiley & Sons, LTD) in Chapter 8.2.3, the content of which is incorporated herein.
- a communication between the hub-side located controller 405 and the converter 419 can also take place.
- the control unit 405 is configured as a master, which sends the control device 417, which is configured as a slave, signals via the slip ring 415 and the signal conditioning unit 415.
- control signals can be exchanged between the control units and the control of the converter / generator and the control devices can be optimized.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007005805 | 2007-11-30 | ||
| PCT/DE2008/001988 WO2009068020A2 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-12-01 | Verfahren zur regelung der elektrischen last einer windenergieanlage |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2215355A2 true EP2215355A2 (de) | 2010-08-11 |
Family
ID=40679036
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08854599A Withdrawn EP2215355A2 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-12-01 | Verfahren zur regelung der elektrischen last einer windenergieanlage |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2215355A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE112008003688A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009068020A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2477594B (en) * | 2010-11-25 | 2011-12-28 | Moog Insensys Ltd | Wind turbine rotor blades |
| US9399983B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2016-07-26 | Lm Wp Patent Holding A/S | Wind turbine blade with cross-sectional sensors |
| EP2848805B1 (de) * | 2013-09-17 | 2019-01-02 | Alstom Renovables España, S.L. | Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Windturbine |
| CN105822508B (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2018-04-13 | 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 | 一种监测风力发电设备的叶片形变的系统 |
| DE102017011512A1 (de) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Senvion Gmbh | Verfahren und System zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage |
| CN108252863B (zh) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-12-31 | 焦作大学 | 一种新型自动化风力发电装置 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4792281A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1988-12-20 | Northern Power Systems, Inc. | Wind turbine pitch control hub |
| DK58998A (da) * | 1998-04-30 | 1999-10-31 | Lm Glasfiber As | Vindmølle |
| EP0995904A3 (de) * | 1998-10-20 | 2002-02-06 | Tacke Windenergie GmbH | Windkraftanlage |
| ES2228121T3 (es) * | 1999-11-03 | 2005-04-01 | Vestas Wind Systems A/S | Procedimiento de control de la operacion de una turbina electrica y turbina electrica para usarse en dicho procedimiento. |
| DE10011393A1 (de) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-09-13 | Tacke Windenergie Gmbh | Regelungssystem für eine Windkraftanlage |
| DE10219664A1 (de) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-06 | Enron Wind Gmbh | Windenergieanlage, Regelanordnung für eine Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage |
-
2008
- 2008-12-01 WO PCT/DE2008/001988 patent/WO2009068020A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-01 EP EP08854599A patent/EP2215355A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-01 DE DE112008003688T patent/DE112008003688A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009068020A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009068020A2 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
| WO2009068020A3 (de) | 2009-11-26 |
| DE112008003688A5 (de) | 2010-11-11 |
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