EP2234455A2 - Elément de chauffage et son utilisation - Google Patents

Elément de chauffage et son utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2234455A2
EP2234455A2 EP20100001926 EP10001926A EP2234455A2 EP 2234455 A2 EP2234455 A2 EP 2234455A2 EP 20100001926 EP20100001926 EP 20100001926 EP 10001926 A EP10001926 A EP 10001926A EP 2234455 A2 EP2234455 A2 EP 2234455A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
elements
grid
element according
flexible
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20100001926
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2234455B1 (fr
EP2234455A3 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Kapp
Juergen Guenther
Helmut Zischka
Benno Schmied
Michael Fuchs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of EP2234455A2 publication Critical patent/EP2234455A2/fr
Publication of EP2234455A3 publication Critical patent/EP2234455A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2234455B1 publication Critical patent/EP2234455B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/007—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple electrically connected resistive elements or resistive zones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/029—Heaters specially adapted for seat warmers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element and its use.
  • Heating elements are well known and are used for example as a seat or wall heating for use.
  • heating elements are from the DE 10 2005 044 490 A1 known.
  • the heating element comprises at least one layer, which comprises a matrix of functional fibers, wherein the matrix is electrically conductive and / or heatable, and wherein the matrix is connectable via contact lines to a current or voltage source.
  • the heating element can be used in the automotive sector, with such heating elements being used in particular as seat heating in motor vehicles.
  • the aqueous coating composition contains a conductive powder in which a core is coated with a conductive layer. Preference is given to a core made of glass coated with silver.
  • the pastes described therein are used to coat sheet-like layers, in particular textiles and nonwovens, and to thereby equip them in an electrically conductive manner. Such coated layers can be further processed into flexible interconnects.
  • the prior art pastes are no longer stretchable and no longer thermally deformable due to the binder after application to the layer and curing. Accordingly, a layer coated with the paste is no longer expansible. Consequently, the paste can not be used where stretchability of the material is required.
  • the invention has for its object to further develop a heating element such that it is flexible or flexible and stretchable in the longitudinal direction, transverse direction and in the diagonal direction and thus can be particularly well adapted to the particular circumstances of the application.
  • a heating element comprising a carrier made of a flexible material, on which a flexible grid structure of an electrically conductive paste is arranged.
  • the flexible grid structure of an electrically conductive paste is of crucial importance in order to obtain a heating element which is flexible in its longitudinal direction, its transverse direction and in the diagonal direction.
  • the flexible grid structure of the electrically conductive paste on a practically flat surface, so that such a heating element without intermediate layer z. B. immediately below the heated Surface can be arranged.
  • Such a surface may be formed for example by a leather or fabric support of a vehicle seat in a motor vehicle or by outer fabrics of functional clothing. In these cases, it is particularly advantageous that the flexible grid structure for the user is not felt to rise above the surface of the carrier on which it is disposed. In all load directions of the heating element, the flexible grid structure can follow the load and deform flexibly.
  • the paste can be flexible or flexible and stretchable.
  • the paste may for example consist of a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and a conductive filler and contain a water-soluble thickener and water.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane forms the binder of the paste and is both ductile and thermoformable.
  • the conductive filler is mixed in such a way that the conductive particles touch each other after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.
  • the grid structure may comprise grid elements and crossing points, wherein the grid elements are electrically conductively and mechanically interconnected by the crossing points.
  • the grid members may move relative to one another about the intersections, thereby substantially increasing the flexibility or flexibility and extensibility of the grid structure in the longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal directions as compared to only a linear electrical conductor of electrically conductive paste.
  • the crossing points are to be understood as joints, whereby the grid elements themselves are flexible or flexible and are stretchy. In addition, the functionality of the grid structure is maintained even when a grid element is interrupted.
  • the grid elements and the intersection points are flexible.
  • the overall flexible grid structure has the greatest possible flexibility.
  • the crossing points may be formed substantially circular. This has the advantage that current and / or mechanical voltage peaks are reliably avoided, so that no hotspots occur and no mechanical vulnerabilities.
  • the conductor cross section would be reduced by about 50% in the crossing region, which would result in a higher current density and a larger Joule heat; Such a locally increased heating power density is also called hotspot.
  • the cross-sectional area is practically as large as in a full-circle crossing point, but such a configuration is mechanically favorable, because in the transition region from the crossing point to the adjacent electrical conductors results in a rounded transition and mechanical stress peaks in the transition region are avoided ,
  • the grid elements can be formed at least partially by polygon elements, in particular by diamond elements.
  • Diamond elements not only have the advantage of achieving high flexibility and excellent extensibility of the heating element. If the rhombic elements enclose free surfaces which are delimited by the rhombic element, these free surfaces can, if required, be used for good permeation through the heating element and / or mounting slots, by means of which the heating element can be mounted on a surface to be heated. Due to the good flexibility / mobility of the diamond elements, the grid structure can be brought into virtually any shape, so that the heating element may have the shape of a Polygonszugs or a shape in which straight lines, circular arcs and curve sections that have no sudden changes in direction alternate.
  • the width of the grid structure can be varied excellently by the rhombic elements. For example, if a larger width of the grid structure desired, additional diamond elements can be added by additional crossing points to existing diamond elements. In many applications it is desired that the current density or the heating power density of the heating element should be practically constant. By heating power density is meant here the electrical energy dissipated per area. In order to achieve this goal, it is often advantageous if the track width and the width of the heating structure can be varied
  • the rhombic elements cause a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated.
  • the grid elements and / or the crossing points may have a different thickness and / or width.
  • the thickness is 50 microns to 250 microns and / or the width is 2 mm to 10 mm.
  • thicker tracks by the full-circle crossing points and / or by thicker paste order, which can be achieved for example by multiple printing, locally higher conductivities of the heating element can be achieved. Locally higher conductivities are for example advantageous if little heat is to be generated in supply lines.
  • the grid structure may have a beginning and an end, wherein the beginning and the end are each formed as a pad for surface contact of the grid structure.
  • the grid structure can cover the carrier areally. Despite the areal coverage and the resulting largely uniform heating power density, the free areas of the grid structure for mounting slots can be used to attach the heating element to the surface to be heated.
  • the carrier consists of a nonwoven fabric.
  • a nonwoven carrier has a good permeation, which is only slightly reduced by the lattice structure, in particular by diamond-shaped grid elements. Good permeation is particularly advantageous if the heating element is used, for example, as seat heating in motor vehicles or in functional clothing. By differences in temperature of the heating element to be heated to the surface or the surrounding area, vapor may form, which may be dissipated by the not covered by the grid structure carrier.
  • the carrier may have mounting recesses which are at least partially enclosed by grid elements. These mounting recesses can be arranged, for example, in the interior of the grid elements and / or at least partially surrounded by grid elements on the outside circumference.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a heating element, as described above, as seat heating in a motor vehicle.
  • a heating element can be located directly under the surface to be heated, the seat cover. Due to its flat surface, no components of the heating element press against the surface to be heated such that unevennesses arise on the side of the seat cover facing away from the heating element, which could be perceived as unpleasant by the user.
  • the effectiveness of the heating element by the immediate arrangement of the surface to be heated is particularly good, that is, the seat cover is heated quickly and energetically efficient, and the claimed heating element causes a nearly homogeneous heat distribution on the surface to be heated. Due to the flexible grid structure even strongly contoured seats can be provided with a seat heater.
  • Fig. 1 a section of a heating element is shown.
  • the surface to be heated 14 is in this case the reference of a car seat, wherein the reference in Fig. 1 from below, so on the side facing away from the seat, can be seen.
  • the lattice structure 2 can follow an arbitrary curve, thereby giving great freedom in the layout of, for example, a heating geometry.
  • the heating element comprises a carrier 1, which consists of a nonwoven fabric and is flexible, stretchable and permeable to air.
  • the flexible and stretchable grid structure 2 is arranged, which consists of an electrically conductive and flexible and stretchable paste 3.
  • the paste 3 can be applied to the carrier 1 by a printing method known per se.
  • the flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side facing away from the reference 14 of the carrier 1 or the flexible grid structure 2 is arranged on the side 14 of the carrier 1 facing the reference. To protect the flexible lattice structure 2, this can still be laminated by a protective layer, so that a sandwich-like structure of carrier 1, lattice structure 2 and protective layer results.
  • the paste 3 is also extensible during the intended use of the heating element, wherein the paste 3 contains, for example, a dispersible thermoplastic polyurethane and a conductive filler, as well as a water-soluble thickener and water.
  • the thermoplastic polyurethane then forms the binder of the paste 3 and is both extensible and thermoformable, so that the paste 3 is even after processing stretchable and deformable by thermal shaping processes.
  • the conductive filler is contained in the paste 3 so that the conductive particles touch after processing, thus establishing the conductivity.
  • the lattice structure 2 has lattice elements 4, which are connected by intersection points 5 both electrically conductive and mechanically.
  • the grid elements 4 and the intersection points 5 are integrally merging into each other and formed of the same material, so that, by the use of a flexible paste 3, both the grid elements 4 and the crossing points 5 are flexible.
  • the heating element according to the invention can be elastically deformed in the longitudinal direction, in the transverse direction and also in the diagonal direction, which is particularly when used as seat heating in motor vehicles or in the field of Functional clothing is of significant advantage.
  • the heating element does not contribute and does not change the functional properties of a seat or functional clothing in comparison to a seat or functional clothing, each without a heating element.
  • the grid elements 4 are predominantly formed by diamond elements 7, but other polygon elements 6, such as triangular elements, can be used.
  • a pad 12 is provided in each case in order to contact the grid structure 2 mechanically and electrically and thus to be able to connect to a current or voltage source.
  • the heating element can be fastened by mounting recesses 13 in the support 1 on the surface 14 to be heated, wherein the mounting recesses 13 are enclosed by the grid elements 4.
  • Fig. 1a is a section of Fig. 1 shown in section.
  • the arranged on the support 1 electrical conductors 15 form the flexible grid structure 2, which is produced by an electrically conductive paste 3 and the grid elements 4 comprises.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 two embodiments of grid elements 4 are shown, wherein a plurality of the grid elements 4, which can be combined with each other arbitrarily, form the grid structure 2.
  • All grid elements 4 are formed as polygon elements 6.
  • the crossing points 5 are each substantially circular in shape and connect rectilinear electrical conductors 15, wherein both the crossing points 5 and the rectilinear electrical conductors 15 integrally merge into each other and consist of the same material of a flexible electrically conductive paste 3.
  • a first embodiment of a grid element 4 is shown, which is formed as a rhombic element 7. Especially in the case of this grid element 4, it can be clearly seen that it is flexibly and elastically deformable in the longitudinal direction 16, transverse direction 17 and in the diagonal direction 18.
  • a second embodiment of a polygon element 6 is shown, which has the shape of a trapezoid substantially.
  • the crossing points 5 are formed in a full circle and connecting points for adjacent, not shown here grid elements.
  • the grid element 4 shown has a mounting recess 13 in its interior.
  • Fig. 4 the central crossing point is formed by crossing electrical conductors 15.
  • Fig. 5 the intersection point 5 is in contrast formed in a full circle and thereby, in comparison to the central intersection of Fig. 4 a larger cross-sectional area. This avoids hotspots.
  • a crossing point 5 is shown, which is formed drop-shaped.
  • Such a crossing point 5 has a cross-sectional area extending from the Fig. 5 virtually indistinguishable, in addition 15 rounded transitions are provided to increase the mechanical resistance in the transition region from the intersection point 5 to the adjacent electrical conductors.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP10001926.4A 2009-03-27 2010-02-25 Elément de chauffage et son utilisation Not-in-force EP2234455B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009014697A DE102009014697A1 (de) 2009-03-27 2009-03-27 Heizelement und dessen Verwendung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2234455A2 true EP2234455A2 (fr) 2010-09-29
EP2234455A3 EP2234455A3 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP2234455B1 EP2234455B1 (fr) 2015-09-23

Family

ID=42321147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10001926.4A Not-in-force EP2234455B1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-02-25 Elément de chauffage et son utilisation

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8704140B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2234455B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009014697A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9140481B2 (en) 2012-04-02 2015-09-22 Whirlpool Corporation Folded vacuum insulated structure
KR101488512B1 (ko) * 2012-04-06 2015-01-30 주식회사 화진 가열요소를 갖는 스티어링휠 및 이를 이용한 페일-세이프티 장치
DE112015006667T5 (de) 2015-07-01 2018-03-22 Kongsberg Automotive Ab Elektrisches Heizelement
DE112015006557T5 (de) * 2015-07-01 2018-03-15 Kongsberg Automotive Ab Elektrische Heizanordnung
US11242151B2 (en) * 2018-10-16 2022-02-08 Goodrich Corporation Method of using printed highly flexible conductive ink bus bars to transfer power to heated components

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1284278A2 (fr) 2001-08-14 2003-02-19 Rotta Gmbh Composition aqueuse de revêtement pour la fabrication des revêtements électroconducteurs sur des textiles
DE102005044490A1 (de) 2005-09-16 2007-03-22 Carl Freudenberg Kg Anordnung und Heizelement

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7202444B2 (en) * 1999-01-25 2007-04-10 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Flexible seat heater
US20040051082A1 (en) * 2002-09-16 2004-03-18 Child Andrew D. Static dissipative textile and method for producing the same
US6946628B2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-09-20 Klai Enterprises, Inc. Heating elements deposited on a substrate and related method
DE102005017197A1 (de) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag Heizelement, insbesondere zum Beheizen einer dreidimensionalen gewölbten Oberfläche
WO2008122043A1 (fr) * 2007-04-02 2008-10-09 Ferguson, Gerald Keith Dispositif de chauffage
DE102007042253A1 (de) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Carl Freudenberg Kg Druckfähige und leitfähige Paste und Verfahren zum Beschichten eines Materials mit der Paste
DE102007042644A1 (de) * 2007-09-07 2009-03-12 Benecke-Kaliko Ag Elektrisch leitfähiges, flexibles Flächengebilde
US20100327452A1 (en) * 2008-03-05 2010-12-30 Hirotsugu Kobayashi Mounting structure and method of manufacturing the same

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1284278A2 (fr) 2001-08-14 2003-02-19 Rotta Gmbh Composition aqueuse de revêtement pour la fabrication des revêtements électroconducteurs sur des textiles
DE102005044490A1 (de) 2005-09-16 2007-03-22 Carl Freudenberg Kg Anordnung und Heizelement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102009014697A1 (de) 2010-10-07
US20100270279A1 (en) 2010-10-28
US8704140B2 (en) 2014-04-22
EP2234455B1 (fr) 2015-09-23
EP2234455A3 (fr) 2011-08-10

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