EP2238317A2 - Systeme thermodynamique ferme permettant de produire de l'energie electrique - Google Patents

Systeme thermodynamique ferme permettant de produire de l'energie electrique

Info

Publication number
EP2238317A2
EP2238317A2 EP08855051A EP08855051A EP2238317A2 EP 2238317 A2 EP2238317 A2 EP 2238317A2 EP 08855051 A EP08855051 A EP 08855051A EP 08855051 A EP08855051 A EP 08855051A EP 2238317 A2 EP2238317 A2 EP 2238317A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
turbine
steam
electric
thermodynamic system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08855051A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gilbert Gal Ben Lolo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2238317A2 publication Critical patent/EP2238317A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/42—Use of desuperheaters for feed-water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of thermodynamic systems, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a closed thermodynamic system including a steam turbine that operates an electric generator, which can produce substantially more electrical power than the electricity power that is operationally consumed by the system.
  • a steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts the thermal energy into useful kinetic energy.
  • thermodynamic steam engines are typically operated by fuel that is burnt to operate engines, such as various vehicle engines, electrical generators and the like.
  • Figure 1 illustrates an aircraft steam powered engine 20 developed Bill and George Besler and first flown in 1933. The steam engine operated a turbine with heated steam of about 425°C and in turn, the turbine operated the engine.
  • the turbine Since a turbine generates rotary motion, the turbine is particularly suited for driving an electrical generator - about 86% of all the electricity generation in the world is produced by use of steam turbines.
  • the steam turbine is a form of heat engine that derives much of the improvement in the thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages in the expansion of the steam.
  • the temperature in the chamber will constantly increase.
  • the chamber contains gas, for example steam
  • the steam molecules tend to expand in volume and thereby the pressure in the chamber also increases constantly.
  • thermodynamic equilibrium when the system is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium.
  • the local state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is determined by the values of the intensive parameters, such as pressure, temperature, etc.
  • thermodynamic equilibrium is characterized by the minimum of a thermodynamic potential, such as the Helmholtz free energy, i.e. systems at constant temperature and volume:
  • A U - TS 5
  • A the Helmholtz free energy
  • U the internal energy of the system
  • T the absolute temperature
  • S the entropy
  • G the Gibbs free energy, i.e. systems at constant pressure and temperature: G - H - TS, where T is the temperature, S is the entropy and H is the enthalpy.
  • Thermal equilibrium is achieved when two systems, being in thermal contact with each other, cease to exchange energy by heat. If the two systems are in thermal equilibrium, the temperatures of the two systems are the same. In a thermal equilibrium state, there are no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces) within the system. A system that is in thermal equilibrium, experiences no changes when the system is isolated from the surroundings of the system.
  • thermodynamic system that is designated to produce electricity and that has the capacity to supply electric power which is substantially higher than the power that the system operatively consumes.
  • thermodynamic system including a steam turbine that operates an electric generator, which can supply electric power that is substantially higher than the power that the closed thermodynamic system operatively consumes.
  • the present invention enables production of electric energy based on characteristics of a selected liquid, such as water, in the natural state of the liquid in nature.
  • a closed thermodynamic system for producing electricity having an internal volume, including: a) a water pump; b) a heat exchange unit; c) a water circulation heater; d) a steam turbine; e) an electric generator; and f) a water cooling sub-system.
  • the internal volume is predesigned and contains a pre-measured quantity of a selected liquid, such as water.
  • the internal volume and the liquid type and quantity are selected according to the target electric power.
  • the water pump extracts liquid, having about ambient temperature and at a pre- calculated flow rate, from the water cooling sub-system and transfers the extracted liquid to the heat exchange unit.
  • the liquid is heated up and accrues higher pressure while flowing inside an elongated pipe through the heat exchange unit, exchanging heat with the hot steam arriving from the turbine.
  • the higher temperature typically converts the liquid into steam and the higher pressure increases the liquid flow rate as the steam flows further into the water circulation heater.
  • the water circulation heater heats up the arriving liquid/steam that flows in from the heat exchange unit, thereby converting the liquid/steam into high pressure steam.
  • the attained pressure is predesigned, to achieve a pre-designed rotational speed of the turbine.
  • the high pressure steam is directed towards designated elements of the turbine at a pre-designed angle with respect to the designated elements of the turbine.
  • the steam turbine converts the thermal energy stored in the high pressure steam to kinetic energy that operationally rotates the turbine about the rotational axis of the turbine.
  • the rotating turbine rotates the electric generator, being affixed onto the rotational axis of the turbine and thereby, the electric generator produces electric energy.
  • the steam flows back into the heat exchange unit, which reduces the steam temperature, while exchanging heat with the cooler liquid flowing inside the pipes disposed inside the heat exchange unit.
  • the cooler steam/liquid then flows into the water cooling sub-system, which reduces the temperature of the liquid, flowing from the heat exchange unit, to about ambient temperature.
  • the water cooling sub-system includes: a) a condenser; b) a liquid tank; and c) a water cooling unit.
  • the water pump supplies some cold liquid to the condenser to accelerate the condensing process.
  • the liquid is accumulated in a water tank and from the water tank, the liquid flows into the water cooling unit, which reduces the temperature of the liquid, flowing from the heat exchange unit, to about ambient temperature.
  • the water pump is preferably coupled with an electric motor which operates the water pump.
  • the water pump and the motor are combined into a single unit.
  • the water circulation heater includes a heating element, which is preferably an electric heating element.
  • the electric heating element is an electrical resistor that when electric current flows through the resistor, the resistor converts some of the electrical energy into heat energy.
  • the electric heating element is a stream of electrons, being a plasma, having high thermal kinetic energy.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a thermodynamic system including a computerized control sub-system.
  • the computerized control sub-system operationally controls various parameters of the system selected from the group including the output pressure of the water pump, the pressure in various chambers and pipes, the temperature in various chambers and pipes, the rotational speed of the turbine, the output electric power produced by the electric motor and other parameters and units.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a thermodynamic system the can fulfill the electric power needed of all internal electrical components of the system, including but limited to: the water pump motor, the heating element and the computerized control sub-system.
  • thermo dynamic circuit is utilized of as an endless source of energy to amplify energy and to control RPM.
  • the selected liquid such as water
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an aircraft steam powered engine
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of closed thermodynamic system for producing electric power, according to variations of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example closed thermodynamic the system for producing electric power, as shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a steam turbine the thermodynamic system, according to variations of the present invention.
  • thermodynamic system 100 includes water pump 180, heat exchange unit 165, water circulation heater 110, steam turbine 120, electric generator 130, and steam/water cooling sub-system 190.
  • system 100 When system 100 reaches the working state equilibrium, system 100 produces electricity, whereas a small portion of the produced electric power is used to operate electrical components of system 100 and the majority of the electricity produced is made available to operate external devices 10.
  • system 100 can operate non-stop, being self sustaining with respect to the electrical power needed for operating.
  • external power is used to bring system 100 to the working state equilibrium.
  • the starting process which requires external power is referred to as the "starting process”.
  • Water pump 180 extracts liquid, having about ambient temperature and at a pre-calculated flow rate, from water cooling sub-system 190 and transfers the extracted liquid to heat exchange unit 165.
  • the liquid is heated up and accrues higher pressure while flowing inside an elongated pipe through heat exchange unit 165, exchanging heat with the hot steam arriving from turbine 120.
  • the higher temperature typically converts the liquid into steam (when reaching the boiling temperature of the liquid)) and the higher pressure increases the liquid flow rate as the steam flows further into water circulation heater 110.
  • Water circulation heater 110 heats up the arriving liquid/steam that flows in from heat exchange unit 165 and thereby, converts the liquid/steam into high pressure steam.
  • the attained pressure is predesigned, to achieve a pre-designed rotational speed of turbine 120.
  • the high pressure steam is directed towards designated elements of turbine 120 at a pre-designed angle with respect to the designated elements of turbine 120.
  • steam turbine 120 converts the thermal energy stored in the high pressure steam to kinetic energy that operationally rotates turbine 120 about the rotational axis of turbine 120.
  • Steam turbine 120 is preferably a gas turbine capable of amplifying the rotational moment created by the flow of the pressurized steam and thereby obtaining or rotational speed of turbine 120 that is higher than the rotational speed that can be operatively attained by the nominal force of the flow of the pressurized steam, applied to a conventional turbine.
  • Rotating turbine 120 rotates electric generator 130, being affixed onto the rotational axis of turbine 120 and thereby, electric generator 130 produces electric energy.
  • Water cooling sub-system 190 includes: a) condenser 150; b) liquid tank 195; and c) water cooling unit 170.
  • Water pump 180 supplies some cold liquid to condenser 150 to accelerate the condensing process.
  • the liquid is accumulated in water tank 195 and then flows into water cooling unit 17O 5 which reduces the temperature of the liquid to about ambient temperature.
  • the cold liquid flown into condenser 150 is supplied by a separate water pump.
  • Water pump 180 is preferably coupled with electric motor 182 which operates water pump 180.
  • electric motor 182 which operates water pump 180.
  • water pump 180 and the motor 182 are combined into a single unit.
  • Water circulation heater 110 includes a heating element, which is preferably an electric heating element.
  • the electric heating element is an electrical resistor that when electric current is flown through the resistor, the resistor converts some of the electrical energy into heat energy.
  • the electric heating element is a stream of electrons, being a plasma, having high thermal kinetic energy.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a thermodynamic system including computerized control sub-system 105.
  • computerized control sub-system 105 operationally controls various parameters of system 100, selected from the group including the output pressure of water pump 180, the pressure in various chambers and pipes, the temperature in various chambers and pipes, the rotational speed of turbine 120, the output electric power produced by electric motor 130 and other parameters and units. It should be noted that when turbine 120 reaches the working rotational speed the heating power is reduced, as the power needed to accelerate turbine 120 is greater than the heating power needed to maintain the rotational speed of turbine 120. The heating power needed to maintain the rotational speed of turbine 120 can be reduced to even 0-10% of the power needed to start system 100 up.
  • An aspect of the present invention is to provide a thermodynamic system the can fulfill the electric power needed of all internal electrical components of the system, including but limited to: water pump motor 182, the heating element and computerized control sub-system 105. It should be noted that the length and volumes of various chambers and pipes are designed to hold a predesigned pressure that is designed to keep the system in a continuous working state, while being in a thermodynamic equilibrium state.
  • thermodynamic system 200 includes heating chamber unit 210, steam turbine 220, electric generator 230, steam heat exchange chamber 240, condenser 250, water heat exchange chamber 260, water cooler 270 and water pump 280.
  • steam heat exchange chamber 240 and water heat exchange chamber 260 represent a variation of heat exchange unit 265; and condenser 250 and water cooler 270 represent a variation of steam/water cooling unit 275.
  • Heating chamber unit 210 is thermally insulated by insulation 205 and includes electric heating element 212. To improve the insulation and thereby the heat exchange process, heating chamber unit 210 may be built in a multiple chamber structure, enclosed within each other. Good insulation is needed to reduce the power needed to keep system 200 in thermal equilibrium, hi Figure 2, two chambers are shown whereas internal chamber 211 contains heating element 212 and external chamber 213 includes an outlet 216 which releases the pressurized steam towards turbine 220. In the starting process, electric power is supplied to operate heating element
  • Motor 282 operates water pump 280 to extract water from water cooler 270.
  • the water is moved forward by water pump 280 at increased pressure through pipe 262 and into heat exchange chamber 260.
  • the hot water contained inside exchange chamber 260 exchanges heat with pipe 262, and thereby heating the water inside pipe 262.
  • the heated water inside pipe 262 are further moved forward by the increased pressure through pipe 242 inside heat exchange chamber 240, which contains hot steam arriving from turbine 220.
  • the hot steam exchanges heat with pipe 242, thereby heating the pressurized water inside pipe 242.
  • the pressurized hot water inside pipe 242 is then directed into heating chamber 211.
  • Hot water (>100°C) in high pressure are entered into heating chamber 211 via inlet 214.
  • Heating element 212 further heats the water in chamber 211, thereby increasing the pressure inside chamber 211, as the water molecules strive to expand.
  • the pressurized water flows into chamber 213 via one or more openings and escapes chamber 213 via outlet 216 where the hot water are transformed into pressurized steam, which is directed towards turbine 220.
  • the pressurized steam flows towards one or more elements 222 of turbine 220 that resist the steam pressure and thereby causing turbine 220 to rotate about axis 225, to which turbine 220 is affixed.
  • the rotation of turbine 220 operatively rotates generator 230, being affixed to axis 225, and thereby producing electrical power.
  • the number of elements 222 towards which the pressurized steam is directed can vary as needed. For example, in the starting process more elements 222 are used to shorten the starting process, and when working state is reached, less elements 222 are used.
  • Figure 4 illustrates turbine 220.
  • the pressurized steam is directed towards designated elements of turbine 220, and thereby rotating turbine 220, through nozzles 228, which enable the pressurized steam to enter the sealed turbine housing 226 and onto turbine 220.
  • the pressurized steam preferably flows through all nozzles 228.
  • turbine 220 including a flywheel
  • one or more nozzles are shut down, as less power is needed to keep turbine 120 rotating at a substantially constant working rotational speed.
  • the system has to be brought into a state of Thermal entropy before the shutting down any of the nozzles.
  • the steam is directed to heat exchange chamber 240 via inlet 224.
  • heat exchange chamber 240 the steam arriving from turbine 220 exchanges heat with pipe 242, which transports cooler water towards heating chamber unit 210.
  • the steam arriving from turbine 220 flows via outlet 241 and inlet 252 into condenser 250, which transforms the steam into hot water.
  • heat exchange chamber 260 the hot water arriving from condenser 250 (and some from exchange chamber 240) exchanges heat with pipe 262, which transports cold water towards heat exchange chamber 240.
  • the water arrived from condenser 250 flows via inlet 272 into water cooler 270, where the water temperature is reduced to about ambient temperature.
  • water cooler 270 the cold water flows into water pump 280 which is operatively coupled to a motor 282.
  • Water pump 280 directs some of the cold water towards condenser 250 to accelerate the condensation process.
  • the rest of the water flows in a pipe towards heat exchange chamber 260, inside pipe 262. This cycle continues as the working state of closed thermodynamic system 200 persists.
  • the electric power produced by generator 230 surpasses the electric power used by system 200, the external electric power source is disconnected, and thereby system 200 becomes self sustaining.
  • the inner space containing the water/steam is a sealed space.
  • the electric power needed to operate heating element 212, motor 282 and any other electric part of system 200 (and system 100) is preferably supplied by generator 230.
  • various dimensions of elements of system 200 (and system 100), such as the length and volume of pipes 242, 262, heat exchange chamber 260, heat exchange chamber 240 and heating chamber unit 210 are designed to hold a predesigned pressure in the system that is designed to keep system 200 (and system 100) in a continuous working state being in a thermodynamic equilibrium state.
  • heat exchange chamber 260 and heat exchange unit 165 may be subdivided into a multiple number of heat exchange chambers, and that heat exchange chamber 240 may be subdivided into a multiple number of heat exchange chambers.
  • thermodynamic system The following is an example thermodynamic system, according to variations of the present invention: •
  • the volume of heat exchange heat exchange unit 265 is 5 liters.
  • Heating element 212 requires electric power of 8500 Watt. • The temperature of the steam arriving at turbine 220 is ⁇ 250°C and the pressure is 30 Bar.
  • the temperature of the water arriving at water pump 280 is 20°C-50°C.
  • the temperature of the water exiting pipe 262 is ⁇ 70°C.
  • Generator 230 produces electric power of 40- 120KVA/400Hz.
  • generator 230 produces a residual electric power of 25- 105KW.
  • other materials are added to the water to modify the mixture parameters. For example: alcohol can be added to the water to lower the boiling temperature.
  • System 100 can be used as a power source for electric engines and electric apparatuses for any motorized vehicles such as automobiles, aircrafts and vessels.
  • System 100 can be used as a power source for electric engines and electric apparatuses for vehicles to be used in outer space.
  • System 100 can be used as an electrical power plant for home use, factory use and any other local use.
  • System 100 can be used as an electrical power plant that can supply electricity to a network of users.
  • System 100 can be used as a power source for any electric client. It should be noted that the energy accumulated in the closed system enables the system to proceed working and produce electricity after a malfunction has been identified, until a secondary backup system replaces the malfunctioned system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système thermodynamique fermé permettant de produire de l'électricité, comprenant une pompe à eau, un chauffage d'eau en circulation, une turbine à vapeur, un générateur électrique et un sous-système de refroidissement de vapeur/eau. La pompe à eau transfert l'eau, qui a approximativement une température ambiante et est extraite de l'unité de vapeur/eau, à l'unité de chauffage d'eau, qui chauffe l'eau qui s'écoule dans l'unité de chauffage à vapeur. L'unité de chauffage d'eau en circulation transforme l'eau en vapeur à haute pression qui est dirigée vers la turbine à vapeur qui transforme l'énergie thermique en énergie cinétique. La turbine rotative met en rotation le générateur électrique, fixé à l'axe rotatif de la turbine, et le générateur électrique produit de l'énergie électrique. L'unité de refroidissement de vapeur/eau transforme ensuite la vapeur revenant de la turbine en eau présentant approximativement une température ambiante.
EP08855051A 2007-11-29 2008-11-26 Systeme thermodynamique ferme permettant de produire de l'energie electrique Withdrawn EP2238317A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US99666707P 2007-11-29 2007-11-29
PCT/IL2008/001548 WO2009069128A2 (fr) 2007-11-29 2008-11-26 Système thermodynamique fermé permettant de produire de l'énergie électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2238317A2 true EP2238317A2 (fr) 2010-10-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08855051A Withdrawn EP2238317A2 (fr) 2007-11-29 2008-11-26 Systeme thermodynamique ferme permettant de produire de l'energie electrique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20100307154A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2238317A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012510016A (fr)
CN (1) CN101939510A (fr)
CA (1) CA2707459A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL206076A0 (fr)
MX (1) MX2010005881A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009069128A2 (fr)

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JP5713824B2 (ja) * 2011-07-11 2015-05-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 発電システム
EP2769095A1 (fr) * 2011-10-17 2014-08-27 Rachna International University Manav Dispositif de captage d'énergie atmosphérique servant à produire de l'énergie mécanique et électrique
JP2013100971A (ja) * 2011-11-10 2013-05-23 Miura Co Ltd 蒸気発生システム
JP3174484U (ja) * 2012-01-11 2012-03-22 雪雄 山本 発電装置
US9328713B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-05-03 Steven D. Beaston Turbine apparatus and methods
BR102013026634A2 (pt) * 2013-10-16 2015-08-25 Abx En Ltda Máquina térmica diferencial com ciclo de oito transformações termodinâmicas e processo de controle
CN111079070B (zh) * 2019-12-18 2023-11-03 新奥数能科技有限公司 一种热力参数分析方法及装置

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IL206076A0 (en) 2010-11-30
WO2009069128A3 (fr) 2010-05-06
US20100307154A1 (en) 2010-12-09
JP2012510016A (ja) 2012-04-26
MX2010005881A (es) 2010-11-23
WO2009069128A2 (fr) 2009-06-04
CA2707459A1 (fr) 2009-06-04
CN101939510A (zh) 2011-01-05

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