EP2242599B1 - Gusseisenlegierung für zylinderköpfe - Google Patents

Gusseisenlegierung für zylinderköpfe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2242599B1
EP2242599B1 EP10704896.9A EP10704896A EP2242599B1 EP 2242599 B1 EP2242599 B1 EP 2242599B1 EP 10704896 A EP10704896 A EP 10704896A EP 2242599 B1 EP2242599 B1 EP 2242599B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
weight
cast iron
iron alloy
cylinder head
amount
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EP10704896.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2242599A1 (de
Inventor
Hans Müller
Ulf Schmidtgen
Falk SCHÖNFELD
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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MAN Truck and Bus SE
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0009—Cylinders, pistons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/06—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium
    • C22C37/08—Cast-iron alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2251/00—Material properties
    • F05C2251/04—Thermal properties
    • F05C2251/048—Heat transfer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cast iron alloy with lamellar graphite and a cast cylinder head.
  • a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine is for example from the DE-A-100 12 918 known. This describes a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine, which is cast from alloyed cast iron with lamellar graphite and as additives 3.30 wt .-% to 3.60 wt .-% carbon, 1.73 wt .-% to 1.92 wt.
  • cylinder heads of alloyed gray cast iron are known, for example from the MAN works standard M 3422, April 2000, which contains 3.30% by weight to 3.55% by weight of carbon, 1.80% by weight to 2.30 as additives %
  • silicon 0.55% by weight to 0.80% by weight of manganese, maximum of 0.20% by weight of phosphorus, maximum of 0.13% by weight of sulfur, 0.10% by weight to 0.15% by weight of chromium, 0.10% by weight to 0.20% by weight of molybdenum, 0.08% by weight to 0.12% by weight of tin and a maximum of 0.15% by weight.
  • RB GUNDLACH "Thermal shock resistance of alloyed cast iron with lamellar graphite for components of diesel engines", FOUNDRY PRACTICE, No. 6, 25 March 1981 (1981-03-25), pages 97-107 In Table 1, XP009132463 teaches that both the alloy "Cr-Ni-Cu- Mo-cast iron" for components of diesel engines (cylinder heads) with 3.45% C, 1.68% Si, 0.63% Mn, 0.3% Cr, 0.3% Mo , 0.97% Ni, 0.87% Cu, 0.081% S, 0.028% P can be used.
  • the invention therefore an object of the invention to form the above-mentioned alloys or cylinder heads so that the disadvantages described are largely excluded.
  • a lamellar graphite cast iron alloy characterized in that the cast iron has as additives 2.80% by weight - 3.60% by weight of carbon (C), 1.00% by weight - 1 , 70% by weight of silicon (Si), 0.10% by weight - 1.20% by weight of manganese (Mn), 0.03% by weight - 0.15% by weight of sulfur (S) , 0.05 wt .-% - 0.30 wt .-% chromium (Cr), 0.05 wt .-% - 0.30 wt .-% molybdenum (Mo), 0.05 wt .-% - 0 , 20 wt .-% tin (Sn) and common impurities.
  • C carbon
  • Si silicon
  • Mn manganese
  • S sulfur
  • S sulfur
  • Cr 0.05 wt .-% - 0.30 wt .-% chromium
  • Mo 0.05 wt .-% -
  • the alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention has a comparison with the prior art improved thermal conductivity and improved tensile strength, in particular strength in the valve web.
  • improved thermal conductivity and improved tensile strength in particular strength in the valve web.
  • the occurrence of thermal fatigue cracks is reduced or their course is stopped or even prevented.
  • successes in the range of low temperatures, in particular at temperatures of about 100 to about 400 ° C are achieved.
  • the use of the alloy according to the invention leads to cracks which arise in the high temperature range, can not continue in the low temperature range, d. H. stay standing. The life of the alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention is thus increased.
  • the alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention is less expensive than alloys or cylinder heads known from the prior art.
  • the matrix of the structure of the cast iron alloy according to the invention or of the cylinder head according to the invention consists of perlite with not more than about 5%, in particular not more than about 3%, of ferrite. Ferrite is here called a structure and not as a phase as in perlite.
  • the% figures refer to the% proportion in the flat section.
  • the lamellar graphite is in the form I, with more than 80%, preferably more than 90 .-% in arrangement A, and in size 3 or finer before (EN ISO 945: 1994-09).
  • the special structure has the advantage that the desired properties, ie retention of mechanical properties and increase in thermal conductivity, further improved.
  • Lamellar graphite in Form I, in Distribution A and Size 2 is only permissible in areas of low load due to lack of vaccination.
  • the lamellar graphite may also be present in small proportions of the distribution B, C, D and / or E.
  • the distribution D + E up to 100% is permissible due to the influence of the molding material.
  • the preferred structural properties are particularly important in the thermomechanically heavily loaded areas with thermal cycling and thermal stress of 20 - 480 ° and permanently 300 - 450 ° C of the cast iron alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention is of importance. In other places, these are rather subordinate.
  • a heat treatment by controlled cooling or annealing is optionally possible for residual stress reduction, but does not affect the metallographic structure of the structure.
  • the desired properties are in particular due to the combination of the specified additives and their amounts, i. these interact synergistically.
  • Carbon is added in an amount of from 2.80% to 3.60% by weight, preferably from 3.20% to 3.50% by weight, and more preferably from 3.30% to 3% , 50 wt .-% used. Too low a carbon content leads to the formation of micro-shrinkage, while a too high carbon content has the disadvantage that the alloy has too low a strength.
  • Silicon is used in an amount of 1.00 wt% to 1.50 wt%. Too low a silicon content leads to white radiation, while a too high silicon content has the disadvantage that the thermal conductivity drops sharply.
  • Manganese is used in an amount of 0.10 wt% to 1.20 wt%, preferably in an amount of 0.30 wt% to 0.80 wt%, and more preferably in an amount of 0 , 50 wt .-% to 0.60 wt .-% used. Manganese is needed to bind off the sulfur, because it should be present in the alloy according to the invention no pure sulfur but only manganese sulfide. Excessive manganese content leads to white radiation.
  • Sulfur is used in an amount of from 0.03% to 0.15% by weight, preferably in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.14% by weight, and more preferably in an amount of zero , 08 wt .-% to 0.12 wt .-% used. Sulfur in the compound of MnS is needed to ensure good workability. Too little sulfur causes the alloy according to the invention to be difficult to work. Excessive sulfur content leads to structure defects.
  • Chromium is used in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.30% by weight, preferably in an amount of from 0.08% to 0.20% by weight, and more preferably in an amount of zero , 08 wt .-% to 0.15 wt .-% used. Chromium has the task of stabilizing the perlite at temperatures> 550 ° C. Too high a chromium content leads to white radiation.
  • Molybdenum is used in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.30% by weight, preferably in an amount of from 0.10% to 0.25% by weight, and more preferably in an amount of zero , 10 wt .-% to 0.20 wt .-% used. Molybdenum ensures the heat resistance, in the cylinder head application preferably in the range of 300 ° C to 400 ° C. Excessive molybdenum content increases alloying costs and leads to browning.
  • Tin is added in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.20% by weight, preferably in an amount of from 0.05% to 0.15% by weight, and more preferably in an amount of zero , 08 wt .-% to 0.12 wt .-% used. Tin serves to suppress ferrite formation. Excessive tin content leads to embrittlement. Most preferably, tin is present in an amount of 0.08-0.12 wt%.
  • the cast iron alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention may contain conventional impurities.
  • suitable impurities are nickel, copper, titanium, vanadium, niobium, nitrogen, phosphorus.
  • impurity includes inoculants unless one or more of the elements of the inoculant are necessary to represent the alloying properties.
  • the amount of nickel is up to 1 wt .-%, more preferably up to 0.30 wt .-%, most preferably ⁇ 0.1%.
  • Copper is preferably present in an amount up to 1% by weight, more preferably up to 0.30% by weight. Most preferably ⁇ 0.30 wt .-%. Too much copper leads to elimination problems and is expensive. In a preferred embodiment, the use of copper is not necessary or contains the alloy according to the invention only coming from the scrap copper.
  • Titanium is preferably in an amount of max. 0.020 wt .-%, more preferably up to max. 0.010 wt .-%, before. Too high a titanium content degrades the machinability of the cast iron alloy.
  • Vanadium is preferably present in an amount of up to 0.2% by weight, more preferably up to 0.1% by weight. Very particularly preferably ⁇ 0.10% by weight. If the vanadium content is too high, the toughness and the thermal conductivity decrease.
  • Niobium is preferably in an amount of up to 0.2 wt .-%, more preferably up to 0.1. Wt .-%, before. Very particularly preferably ⁇ 0.10% by weight. An excessively high niobium content increases the costs if deliberately added and leads to a deterioration in the thermal conductivity.
  • Nitrogen is preferably present in an amount of up to 0.03 wt.%, More preferably up to 0.0080 wt.%. Too high a free nitrogen content has the disadvantage that porosities may be present in the casting.
  • Phosphorus is preferably present in an amount of up to 0.15% by weight, more preferably in an amount of up to 0.06% by weight. Too high a phosphorus content leads to a decrease in toughness.
  • the alloy is preferably seeded with barium, zirconium or rare earth metals. These are used in amounts of from 0.0005% by weight to 0.0500% by weight, preferably in amounts of from 0.0010% by weight to 0.00125% by weight. Barium is particularly preferred, since this causes a gray solidification as graphite nucleating agent. Barium is therefore particularly preferably suitable because it compensates for the small amount of silicon as a promoter of stable solidification. Barium is used in the amounts mentioned above.
  • composition 1 in% by weight
  • Composition 2 in% by weight
  • carbon 3.43 3.44 silicon 1.42 1.40 manganese 0.56 0.49 sulfur 0.10 0.11 chrome 0.12 0.15 molybdenum 0.22 0.14 tin 0,071 0,076 nickel 0.079 0,065 copper 0.16 0.12 titanium 0.005 0,006 vanadium 0.0011 0,015 niobium 0.005 0,004 nitrogen 0.0055 0.005 phosphorus 0,029 0,012 aluminum 0,003 0.001 magnesium 0,002 0.001 arsenic 0.005 0.005 boron ⁇ 0.0001 ⁇ 0.0001 lead ⁇ 0.003 ⁇ 0.003 cobalt 0.016 0,025 antimony 0,003 0.001 tungsten 0,002 ⁇ 0.001 zinc ⁇ 0.001 ⁇ 0.001 bismuth 0.0014 0.0010 calcium 0.0008 0.0008 tellurium 0.0003 0.0003 cerium 0.0010 0,008 barium 0.0008
  • the graphite is present in the core of these above-mentioned specific compositions in Form I, Arrangement A and Size 3 and finer.
  • the cast iron alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention fulfill the required mechanical properties, such as, for example, toughness and hardness.
  • thermal conductivity measurements have shown that the cast iron alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention, especially in the temperature range from about 100 to about 400 ° C have unexpectedly high thermal conductivity values.
  • the cast iron alloy according to the invention or the cylinder head according to the invention has a thermal conductivity of 47 W / mk in the range of 200 ° C and corresponds in temperature ranges of greater than 400 ° in some known cast iron alloys or cylinder heads.
  • the tensile strength is also improved or at least equivalent to known alloys.
  • the invention also relates to a cylinder head.
  • this is a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • the cylinder head is designed as a row cylinder head for a single or multi-cylinder, in particular self-igniting, internal combustion engine in rows or V-type.
  • the optimization of the thermal conductivity while retaining all other required mechanical properties is particularly important for components with water cooling to bear, since here in the contact zone to the water flow temperatures of about 100 ° C to about 350 ° C, in particular up to about 250 ° C, and a increased thermal conductivity reduces the component temperature in this area more.
  • Example 1 in% by weight
  • Example 2 in% by weight
  • Comparative Example 3 in% by weight
  • Comparative Example 4 in% by weight
  • carbon 3.43 3.44 3.56 3.36 silicon 1.42 1.40
  • 2.22 1.96
  • manganese 0.56 0.49 0.73 0.58
  • sulfur 0.10 0.11 0.08 0,095 chrome 0.12 0.15 0.10 0.32 molybdenum 0.22 0.14 0.098 0.023 tin 0,071 0,076 0,076 0,020 nickel 0.079 0,065 0.066 0.078 copper 0.16 0.12 0.16 0.43 titanium 0.005 0,006 0,006 0.01 vanadium 0.011 0,015 0.009 0,015 niobium 0.005 0,004 0,006 0.005 nitrogen 0.0055 0.005 - 0.0064
  • the matrix of the microstructure in Examples 1 and 2 consists of perlite with about 5% ferrite.
  • the lamellar graphite is present in Examples 1 and 2 in Form I, Arrangement A and Size 3 and finer. In Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the lamellar graphite is in Form I, Arrangement A and Size 3-5.
  • Example 1 The values for the tensile strength (according to DIN EN 10 002) with tensile test according to DIN EN 1561, the hardness Brinell (according to DIN EN ISO 6506) of Example 1 correspond to those of Comparative Examples 3 and 4.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
EP10704896.9A 2009-01-09 2010-01-11 Gusseisenlegierung für zylinderköpfe Active EP2242599B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910004189 DE102009004189B4 (de) 2009-01-09 2009-01-09 Bauteil aus einer Gusseisenlegierung, insbesondere für Zylinderköpfe
PCT/EP2010/000089 WO2010079146A1 (de) 2009-01-09 2010-01-11 Gusseisenlegierung für zylinderköpfe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2242599A1 EP2242599A1 (de) 2010-10-27
EP2242599B1 true EP2242599B1 (de) 2014-12-03

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EP10704896.9A Active EP2242599B1 (de) 2009-01-09 2010-01-11 Gusseisenlegierung für zylinderköpfe

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US (1) US9132478B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2242599B1 (pt)
CN (1) CN102015158B (pt)
BR (1) BRPI1002808B1 (pt)
DE (1) DE102009004189B4 (pt)
RU (1) RU2491363C2 (pt)
WO (1) WO2010079146A1 (pt)

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BRPI1002808A2 (pt) 2016-02-23
WO2010079146A1 (de) 2010-07-15
DE102009004189A1 (de) 2010-07-22
BRPI1002808B1 (pt) 2020-12-22
US20110132314A1 (en) 2011-06-09
EP2242599A1 (de) 2010-10-27
RU2010142184A (ru) 2012-04-20
US9132478B2 (en) 2015-09-15
CN102015158A (zh) 2011-04-13
CN102015158B (zh) 2016-06-08
DE102009004189B4 (de) 2013-07-25
RU2491363C2 (ru) 2013-08-27

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