EP2243818B1 - Verwendung einer kältemittel und schmiermittelzusammensetzung - Google Patents

Verwendung einer kältemittel und schmiermittelzusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2243818B1
EP2243818B1 EP09709827.1A EP09709827A EP2243818B1 EP 2243818 B1 EP2243818 B1 EP 2243818B1 EP 09709827 A EP09709827 A EP 09709827A EP 2243818 B1 EP2243818 B1 EP 2243818B1
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Prior art keywords
refrigerant
use according
film
oil composition
groups
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2243818A4 (de
EP2243818A1 (de
Inventor
Masato Kaneko
Harutomo Ikeda
Tokue Sato
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/22—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol, aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/11—Ethers
    • C09K2205/112—Halogenated ethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
    • C09K2205/10—Components
    • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
    • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/042—Epoxides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical
    • C10M2209/043—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an alcohol or ester thereof; bound to an aldehyde, ketonic, ether, ketal or acetal radical used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/067—Unsaturated Compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/077—Ionic Liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/099—Containing Chlorofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
    • C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
    • C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of a lubricating oil composition and a refrigerant, more particularly the use of these components in a refrigerator.
  • the refrigerant has a low global warming potential.
  • the lubricating oil composition comprises a polyvinyl ether derivative, and the lubricating oil composition has excellent stability and suppresses the generation of sludge in a sealed tube test.
  • a compression-type refrigerator includes at least a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (such as an expansion valve), an evaporator, and an optional drying apparatus, and a liquid mixture of refrigerant and lubricating oil (refrigerator oil) circulates in a closed system of the refrigerator.
  • refrigerator oil refrigerator oil
  • the compressor is operated at high temperature
  • the cooler is operated at low temperature, although the difference in temperature varies depending on the type of the refrigerator. Therefore, a refrigerant and a lubricating oil must circulate in the system without causing phase separation within a wide temperature range of high to low temperature.
  • a mixture of refrigerant and lubricating oil has a phase separating region in a low-temperature range and in a high-temperature range.
  • the highest phase separation temperature in the low-temperature range is preferably -10°C or lower, particularly preferably -20°C or lower, whereas the lowest phase separation temperature in the high-temperature range is preferably 30°C or higher, particularly preferably 40°C or higher.
  • phase separation between refrigerant and lubricating oil occurs in a compressor
  • lubrication of a movable member is impaired, thereby causing seizure or a similar phenomenon, resulting in considerable shortening of the service life of the refrigerator.
  • phase separation occurs in an evaporator, a viscous lubricant remains, thereby lowering heat exchange efficiency.
  • a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC), or the like has been heretofore mainly used as a refrigerant for a refrigerator.
  • CFC chlorofluorocarbon
  • HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbon
  • HFC hydrofluorocarbon
  • a hydrofluorocarbon typified by, for example, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (hereinafter referred to as "R134a”, “R32”, “R125”, or “R143a”, respectively) has been attracting attention, and, for example, R134a has been used in a car air conditioner system.
  • a refrigerant having a specific polar structure in the molecules such as an unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound (see, for example, Patent Document 1), a fluorinated ether compound (see, for example, Patent Document 2), a fluorinated alcohol compound, or a fluorinated ketone compound has been found to be a refrigerant which has a low global warming potential and can be used in a current car air conditioner system.
  • the lubricating oil for a refrigerator that uses the refrigerant is demanded to have excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and stability.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for use in a refrigerator together with a refrigerant having a specific structure, the refrigerant having a low global warming potential and being applicable to, in particular, current car air conditioner systems or the like.
  • the lubricating oil composition has excellent stability as well as excellent compatibility with the refrigerant.
  • the inventors of the present invention have studied extensively to achieve the above object. As a result, the inventors found that the object could be achieved using a base oil consisting of a polyvinylether derivative having a hydroxyl value equal to or less than a certain value, and preferably using a specific material for a sliding part in a refrigerator.
  • the present invention has been completed based on those findings.
  • An aspect of the present invention is the use of the following refrigerant (i) and lubricating oil composition (ii) in a refrigerator:
  • Another aspect of the invention is the use of the refrigerant and lubricating oil composition defined above in an air conditioner, preferably a car air conditioner or an electrically-driven air conditioner; a gas heat pump; a cold storage device; a hot-water supply system for a vending machine or a showcase; or a refrigerating and heating system.
  • an air conditioner preferably a car air conditioner or an electrically-driven air conditioner; a gas heat pump; a cold storage device; a hot-water supply system for a vending machine or a showcase; or a refrigerating and heating system.
  • the refrigerant employed in the present invention has a low global warming potential and is applicable to, in particular, current car air conditioner systems or the like.
  • the lubricating oil composition has excellent stability as well as excellent compatibility with the refrigerant and suppresses the generation of sludge in a sealed tube test.
  • fluorinated propene examples include various kinds of isomers of pentafluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, and 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFC1225ye) and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFC1234yf) are particularly suitable.
  • one kind of fluorinated propene may be used alone or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • a combination of a saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and a fluorinated propene may be used.
  • saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms examples include R32, R125, R134a, R134b, R152a, and R245fa. Of those, R32, R134a, and R152a are suitable. In the present invention, one kind of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used alone or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • Examples of the combination of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound having 1 to 3 carbon atoms and the fluorinated propene include a combination of CH 2 F 2 (HFC32) and HFC1225ye, a combination of CHF 2 CH 3 (HFC152a) and HFC1225ye, and a combination of CF 3 I and the HFC1234yf.
  • the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is a refrigerant that can be mixed, as required, with at least one kind of fluorinated propene.
  • a fluorinated compound of alkane having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferable, and fluorinated compounds of methane or ethane having 1 to 2 carbon atoms such as trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, and 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane are particularly suitable.
  • the fluorinated alkane may be halogenated with a halogen atom other than fluorine, and trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and the like are exemplified.
  • One kind of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound may be used alone or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • the blending amount of the saturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound is 30 mass% or less, preferably 20 mass% or less, and more preferably 10 mass% or less based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
  • the lubricating oil composition (hereinafter may be referred to as refrigerator oil composition) comprises a base oil which consist of at least one polyvinylether derivative having a hydroxyl value of 17 mgKOH/g or less.
  • the polyvinyl ether derivative has a hydroxyl value of 17 mgKOH/g or less, the stability of the refrigerator oil composition is improved and the generation of sludge is suppressed in a sealed tube test.
  • the hydroxyl value of the polyvinyl ether derivative is preferably 15 mgKOH/g or less and more preferably 10 mgKOH/g or less.
  • the at least one polyvinyl ether derivative preferably contains, as a main component, a polyvinyl-based compound having a constitutional unit represented by the following general formula (I).
  • R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 each represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and may be identical to or different from one another.
  • the hydrocarbon group herein specifically refers to: alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, and various octyl groups; cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, various methyl cyclohexyl groups, various ethyl cyclohexyl groups, and various dimethyl cyclohexyl groups; aryl groups such as a phenyl group, various methyl phenyl groups, various ethyl phenyl groups, and various dimethyl phenyl groups; and aryl alkyl groups such as a benzyl group, various phen
  • R 4 in the general formula (I) represent a divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the divalent hydrocarbon group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms herein include: a divalent aliphatic group such as an ethylene group, a phenyl ethylene group, a 1, 2-propylene group, a 2-phenyl-1,2-propylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, various butylene groups, various pentylene groups, various hexylene groups, various heptylene groups, various octylene groups, various nonylene groups, and various decylene groups; alicyclic groups in which alicyclic hydrocarbon, such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, dimethylcyclohexane, and propylcyclohexane, has two bonding sites; divalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as various phenylene groups, various methylphenylene
  • p in the general formula (I) represents the number of the repeating and such a number that average value thereof is in the range of 0 to 10 or preferably 0 to 5.
  • R 5 in the general formula (I) represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbon group herein specifically refers to: alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, various pentyl groups, various hexyl groups, various heptyl groups, various octyl groups, various nonyl groups, and various decyl groups; cycloalkyl groups such as a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, various methyl cyclohexyl groups, various ethyl cyclohexyl groups, various propyl cyclohexyl groups, and various dimethyl cyclohexyl groups; aryl groups such as a phenyl group,
  • a hydrocarbon group having 8 or less carbon atoms is preferable.
  • p represents 0, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is preferable, and when p represents 1 or more, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
  • the number of repeating units of formula (I) (that is, polymerization degree) may be appropriately selected according to a desired kinematic viscosity, which is typically 2 to 50 mm 2 /s (100°C), preferably 3 to 40 mm 2 /s (100°C).
  • the polyvinyl ether-based compound in the present invention can be produced by polymerization of the corresponding vinyl ether-based monomer.
  • the vinyl ether-based monomer that can be used herein is represented by the following general formula (II),
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 , and p each have the same meaning as that described above.
  • the vinyl ether-based monomer there are various compounds corresponding to the polyvinyl ether-based compound. Examples thereof include: vinyl methyl ether, vinyl ethyl ether, vinyl-n-propyl ether, vinyl-isopropyl ether, vinyl-n-butyl ether, vinyl-isobutyl ether, vinyl-sec-butyl ether, vinyl-tert-butyl ether, vinyl-n-pentyl ether, vinyl-n-hexyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxyethyl ether, vinyl-2-ethoxyethyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl ether, vinyl-2-methoxy-propyl ether, vinyl-3,6-dioxaheptyl ether, vinyl-3,6,9-trioxadecyl ether, vinyl
  • the terminals of the polyvinyl ether-based compound having the constitutional unit represented by the general formula (I) can be converted to a desired structure by a method in this application and a known method.
  • a converted group a saturated hydrocarbon, an ether, an alcohol, a ketone, an amide, and a nitrile are exemplified.
  • polyvinyl ether-based compound used in the base oil in the refrigerator oil composition a compound having the following terminal structure is suitable.
  • the polyvinyl ether-based compound has:
  • the polyvinyl ether-based compound may be a mixture including two or more kinds of the polyvinyl ether-based compounds selected from those having the terminal structures in the items (1) to (4).
  • a mixture of the compounds in the items (1) and (4) and a mixture of the compounds in the items (2) and (3) are preferably exemplified.
  • the kinematic viscosity of the base oil at 100°C is preferably 2 to 50 mm 2 /s, more preferably 3 to 40 mm 2 /s, and still more preferably 4 to 30 mm 2 /s.
  • the kinematic viscosity is 2 mm 2 /s or more, favorable lubricity (load capacity resistance) is exhibited and sealing property is good, and when the kinematic viscosity is 50 mm 2 /s or less, energy saving is also favorable.
  • the molecular weight of the base oil is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 500 to 3,000, and still more preferably 600 to 2,500.
  • the flashing point of the base oil is preferably 150°C or higher. When the molecular weight of the base oil is 500 or more, desirable performance as the refrigerator oil can be exhibited and the flashing point of the base oil can be set to 150°C or higher.
  • the refrigerator oil composition may include, in addition to the polyvinyl ether derivative, another base oil at 50 mass% or less, preferably 30 mass% or less, and more preferably 10 mass% or less, and the refrigerator oil composition free of another base oil is still more preferred.
  • the base oil that can be used together with the polyvinyl ether derivative, polyoxyalkylene glycols, or a copolymer of alkylene glycols or those monoethers and polyvinyl ethers, other polyesters, polyol ester-based compounds, polycarbonates, a hydrogenation product of ⁇ -olefin oligomer, a mineral oil, an alicyclic hydrocarbon compound, an alkylated aromatic hydrocarbon compound are exemplified.
  • Fluoropropene refrigerants are unstable because they have an olefin structure.
  • the polyvinyl ether derivative contained in the refrigerator oil composition has a hydroxyl value of 17 mgKOH/g or less.
  • At least one kind of an additive selected from an extreme pressure agent, an oiliness agent, an antioxidant, an acid scavenger, a metal deactivator, and an anti-foaming agent can be incorporated into the refrigerator oil composition of the present invention.
  • extreme pressure agent examples include phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents such as a phosphate, an acid phosphate, a phosphite, an acid phosphite, and amine salts thereof.
  • phosphorus-based extreme pressure agents tricresyl phosphate, trithiophenyl phosphate, tri(nonylphenyl) phosphite, dioleyl hydrogen phosphite, 2-ethylhexyldiphenyl phosphite, or the like is particularly preferable in terms of extreme pressure property, a frictional characteristic, and the like.
  • the examples of the extreme pressure agent include metal salts of carboxylic acids.
  • the term "metal salts of carboxylic acids" as used herein preferably refers to metal salts of carboxylic acids each having 3 to 60 carbon atoms, and, further, aliphatic acids each having 3 to 30, and particularly preferably 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • the examples further include metal salts of: dimer acids and trimer acids of the aliphatic acids; and dicarboxylic acids each having 3 to 30 carbon atoms. Of those, a metal salt of an aliphatic acid having 12 to 30 carbon atoms or of a dicarboxylic acid having 3 to 30 carbon atoms is particularly preferred.
  • a metal of which any such metal salt is constituted is preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, and, in particular, is optimally an alkali metal.
  • extreme pressure agents and extreme pressure agents other than those mentioned above include sulfur type extreme pressure agents such as sulfurized fat, sulfurized aliphatic acid, sulfurized ester, sulfurized olefin, dihydrocarvyl polysulphide, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, and dialkyl thiodipropionates.
  • sulfur type extreme pressure agents such as sulfurized fat, sulfurized aliphatic acid, sulfurized ester, sulfurized olefin, dihydrocarvyl polysulphide, thiocarbamates, thioterpenes, and dialkyl thiodipropionates.
  • the blending amount of the above extreme pressure agent is in the range of preferably 0.001 to 5 mass% in ordinary cases, or particularly preferably 0.005 to 3 mass% with reference to the total amount of the composition in terms of lubricity and stability.
  • One kind of the extreme pressure agents may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • oiliness agents examples include, aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid; polymerized aliphatic acids such as dimer acids and hydrogenated dimer acids; hydroxy aliphatic acids such as ricinoleic acid and 12-hydroxystearic acid; aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monohydric alcohols such as lauryl alcohol and oleyl alcohol; aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monoamines such as stearyl amine and oleylamine; aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acid amides such as lauric acid amide and oleamide; and partial esters of a polyhydric alcohol such as glycerin and sorbitol, and an aliphatic saturated or unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
  • aliphatic saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acids such as stearic acid and oleic acid
  • polymerized aliphatic acids such as dimer acids and
  • One kind of the oiliness agent may be used alone, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • the blending amount of the oiliness agent is selected from the range of typically 0.01 to 10 mass%, or preferably 0.1 to 5 mass% with reference to the total amount of the composition.
  • a phenol-based antioxidant such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, or 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) or an amine-based antioxidant such as phenyl- ⁇ -naphthylamine or N.N'-di-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine is preferably blended as the antioxidant.
  • the antioxidant is blended in the composition at a content of typically 0.01 to 5 mass%, or preferably 0.05 to 3 mass% in terms of an effect, economical efficiency, and the like.
  • the acid scavenger examples include: phenyl glycidyl ether; alkyl glycidyl ether; alkylene glycol glycidyl ether; cyclohexeneoxide; ⁇ -olefinoxide; and an epoxy compound such as epoxidized soybean oil.
  • phenyl glycidyl ether, alkyl glycidyl ether, alkylene glycol glycidyl ether, cyclohexeneoxide, or ⁇ -olefinoxide is preferable in terms of compatibility with the refrigerant.
  • Each of an alkyl group of the alkyl glycidyl ether and an alkylene group of the alkylene glycol glycidyl ether may be branched, and has typically 3 to 30, preferably 4 to 24, or particularly preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms. In addition, one having a total of generally 4 to 50, preferably 4 to 24, or particularly preferably 6 to 16 carbon atoms is used as the ⁇ -olefinoxide. In the present invention, one kind of the acid scavenger may be used, or two or more kinds thereof may be used in combination.
  • the blending amount of the acid scavenger is in the range of preferably 0.005 to 5 mass% in ordinary cases, or particularly preferably 0.05 to 3 mass% with reference to the composition in terms of an effect and the suppression of the generation of sludge.
  • the stability of the refrigerator oil composition can be improved by blending the acid scavenger.
  • the combined use of the extreme pressure agent and the antioxidant with the acid scavenger exerts an additional improving effect on the stability.
  • a copper deactivator such as N-[N,N'-dialkyl (alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms) aminomethyl]triazole is exemplified.
  • an antifoaming agent for example, a silicone oil, a fluorinated silicone oil, and the like are exemplified.
  • the used amounts of the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil composition are such that the mass ratio of the refrigerant to the refrigerator oil composition is in the range of preferably 99/1 to 10/90, or more preferably 95/5 to 30/70.
  • An amount of the refrigerant below the above range is not preferable because a reduction in refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator is observed.
  • an amount of the refrigerant beyond the above range is not preferable because the lubricity of the composition reduces.
  • the refrigerator oil composition of the present invention which can be used in any one of various refrigerators, is particularly preferably applicable to the compression refrigerating cycle of a compression refrigerator.
  • the refrigerator to which the refrigerant and refrigerator oil composition are applied has a refrigerating cycle which essentially contains a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism (such as an expansion valve), and an evaporator, or contains a compressor, a condenser, an expansion mechanism, a drier, and an evaporator.
  • the drier is preferably filled with a desiccant formed of zeolite having a pore diameter of 0.33 nm or less.
  • zeolite a natural zeolite or a synthetic zeolite may be exemplified. Zeolite having a CO 2 gas absorbing amount of 1.0% or less at 25°C and a CO 2 gas partial pressure of 33 kPa is more suitable.
  • synthetic zeolite described above XH-9 (trade name), XH-600 (trade name) manufactured by UNION SHOWA K.K., and the like are exemplified.
  • the desiccant if used, moisture can be removed efficiently without absorbing of the refrigerant in the refrigerating cycle, and simultaneously, powderization of the desiccant due to deterioration of the desiccant itself is suppressed. Therefore, there is no possibility of clogging of pipes caused by the powderization or abnormal abrasion caused by entering of the powder into a sliding part of the compressor, whereby the refrigerator can be driven stably for a long time period.
  • sliding parts such as a bearing
  • a part composed of an engineering plastic, or a part having an organic or inorganic coating film is preferably used as each of the sliding parts in terms of, in particular, sealing property.
  • the engineering plastic include a polyamide resin, a polyphenylene sulfide resin, and a polyacetal resin in terms of sealing property, sliding property, abrasion resistance, and the like.
  • examples of the organic coating film include a fluorine-containing organic resin coating film (such as a polytetrafluoroethylene coating film), a polyimide coating film and a polyamideimide coating film in terms of sealing property, sliding property, abrasion resistance, and the like. Further, examples thereof include a thermosetting insulating film formed using a resin coating material containing a crosslinking agent and a resin substrate formed of a polyhydroxyether resin and a polysulfone-based resin.
  • examples of the inorganic coating film include a graphite film, a diamond-like carbon film, a nickel film, a molybdenum film, a tin film, and a chromium film in terms of sealing property, sliding property, abrasion resistance, and the like.
  • the inorganic coating film may be formed by a plating treatment, or may be formed by a physical vapor deposition method (PVD).
  • a part composed of, for example, a conventional alloy system such as an Fe base alloy, an Al base alloy, or a Cu base alloy can also be used as each of the sliding parts.
  • the refrigerator and refrigerator oil composition of the present invention can be used in each of a car air conditioner, an electrically-driven air conditioner, a gas heat pump, an air conditioner, a cold storage device, various hot water supply systems such as a vending machine or a showcase, and a refrigerating and heating system.
  • the water content in the system is preferably 300 mass ppm or less and more preferably 200 mass ppm or less.
  • the residual air amount in the system is preferably 10 kPa or less and more preferably 5 kPa or less.
  • the refrigerator oil composition of the present invention includes a specific oxygen-containing compound as a base oil, has so low viscosity that energy saving can be improved, and has excellent sealing property.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100°C was measured according to JIS K2283-1983 by using a glass capillary viscometer.
  • the hydroxyl value was measured according to JIS K0070.
  • the number average molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • the flashing point was measured according to JIS K2265 (COC method)
  • a measuring tube for two-layer separation temperature (internal volume: 10 mL) was filled with water (0.6 g) and a refrigerant (2.4 g) and kept in a thermostatic chamber. The temperature in the thermostatic chamber was increased from room temperature (25°C) at a rate of 1°C/min, whereby a two-layer separation temperature was measured.
  • a glass tube was filled with an oil (4 mL) and a refrigerant (HFC1234yf) (1 g) (water content of 200 ppm), and metal catalysts of iron, copper, and aluminum, and sealed. After the glass tube was kept at an air pressure of 26.6 kPa and at a temperature of 175°C for 30 days, oil appearance, catalyst appearance, and the presence or absence of sludge were visually observed and the acid value was measured.
  • HFC1234yf refrigerant
  • each of A1 to A7 and B1 to B7 was used as the base oil.
  • Table 1 shows the kind and the property of each base oil.
  • Refrigerator oil compositions having the compositions shown in Table 2 were prepared.
  • HFC1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene), was used as a refrigerant, and characteristics of the compositions were evaluated. Table 2 shows the results.
  • any one of the refrigerator oil compositions in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 using the polyvinyl ether derivative having a hydroxyl value exceeding 17 mgKOH/g as a base oil has a two-layer separation temperature exceeding 40°C, in the sealed tube test, the oil appearance is yellow or yellowish brown, there are a slight color change in the catalyst appearance by Cu and a slight generation of sludge, and the acid value is as high as 0.8 to 1.8 mgKOH/g.
  • the present invention uses a refrigerant having a specific structure, having a low global warming potential and being applicable to, in particular, current car air conditioner systems or the like.
  • the lubricating oil composition used with the refrigerant has excellent stability as well as excellent compatibility with the refrigerant. No generation of sludge is confirmed in a sealed tube test when the lubricating oil composition is used.

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Claims (12)

  1. Verwendung des folgenden Kältemittels (i) und der Schmierölzusammensetzung (ii) in einem Kühlgerät:
    (i) ein Kältemittel, umfassend:
    - mindestens ein fluoriertes Propen, und
    - optional bis zu 30 Massen-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse des Kältemittels, einer oder mehrerer gesättigter Fluorkohlenwasserstoffverbindungen; und
    (ii) eine Schmierölzusammensetzung, umfassend ein Basisöl, welches aus mindestens einem Polyvinyletherderivat mit einer Hydroxylzahl von 17 mg KOH/g oder weniger besteht.
  2. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der jedes fluorierte Propen aus Pentafluoropropenen, 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluorpropen und 3,3,3-Trifluorpropen ausgewählt ist.
  3. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der jede gesättigte Fluorkohlenwasserstoffverbindung ein gesättigter C1-3-Fluorkohlenwasserstoff ist.
  4. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das Basisöl eine kinematische Viskosität von 2-50 mm2/s bei 100°C aufweist.
  5. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das Basisöl ein Molekulargewicht von 500 oder mehr aufweist.
  6. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der das mindestens eine Polyvinyletherderivat als Hauptbestandteil eine Verbindung auf Polyvinylbasis enthält, die eine Struktureinheit mit der folgenden Formel (I) aufweist:
    Figure imgb0009
     worin:
    R1-R3 jeweils unabhängig voneinander H oder eine C1-8-Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe darstellen;
    R4 für eine zweiwertige C2-10 Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe steht;
    R5 für eine C1-10-Kohlenwasserstoffgruppe steht; und
    p die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Wiederholungseinheiten ist und im Bereich von 0-10 liegt.
  7. Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Schmierölzusammensetzung ferner mindestens eine Art von Additiv, ausgewählt aus einem Hochdruckmittel, Schmierfähigkeitsmittel, Antioxidans, Säure-Fänger, Metalldesaktivator und Antischaummittel, umfasst.
  8. Verwendung nach Anspruch 7, bei der das Kühlgerät ein Gleitstück umfasst, welches aus einem technischen Kunststoff geformt ist oder welches einen organischen oder anorganischen Beschichtungsfilm einschließt.
  9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, bei der der organische Beschichtungsfilm ein Polytetrafluorethylen-Beschichtungsfilm, ein Polyimid-Beschichtungsfilm, ein Polyamidimid-Beschichtungsfilm oder ein wärmehärtbarer isolierender Beschichtungsfilm ist, der hergestellt wird unter Verwendung eines Harzbeschichtungsmaterials, das ein Vernetzungsmittel und ein Harzsubstrat enthält, welches aus einem Polyhydroxyether-Harz und einem Polysulfon-basiertem Harz gebildet ist.
  10. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, bei der der anorganische Beschichtungsfilm ein Graphitfilm, diamantartiger Kohlenstofffilm, Zinnfilm, Chromfilm, Nickelfilm oder Molybdänfilm ist.
  11. Verwendung eines Kältemittels und einer Schmierölzusammensetzung, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, in einer Klimaanlage, bevorzugt einer Autoklimaanlage oder einer elektrisch betriebenen Klimaanlage; einer Gas-Wärmepumpe; einem Kühllagerungsgerät; einem Heißwasserzufuhrsystem für einen Verkaufsautomaten oder einem Schaukasten; oder einem Kühlungs- und Heizsystem.
  12. Verwendung nach Anspruch 11, bei der der Wassergehalt des Systems 300 Massen ppm oder weniger ist, und der Restluftgehalt des Systems 10kPa oder weniger beträgt.
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US8394752B2 (en) * 2008-12-18 2013-03-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Pearlescent agent slurry for liquid treatment composition

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EP2243818A4 (de) 2011-10-19
KR101497179B1 (ko) 2015-02-27
CN101945979A (zh) 2011-01-12
US8449789B2 (en) 2013-05-28
JP2009191211A (ja) 2009-08-27
EP2243818A1 (de) 2010-10-27
KR20100120145A (ko) 2010-11-12
TWI456047B (zh) 2014-10-11
WO2009101872A1 (ja) 2009-08-20
JP5241262B2 (ja) 2013-07-17
US20110057146A1 (en) 2011-03-10
TW200951212A (en) 2009-12-16
CN101945979B (zh) 2014-04-09

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