EP2243995A1 - Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Undichtigkeiten in einem LPG Verteilungsnetz - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Undichtigkeiten in einem LPG Verteilungsnetz Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2243995A1 EP2243995A1 EP10305379A EP10305379A EP2243995A1 EP 2243995 A1 EP2243995 A1 EP 2243995A1 EP 10305379 A EP10305379 A EP 10305379A EP 10305379 A EP10305379 A EP 10305379A EP 2243995 A1 EP2243995 A1 EP 2243995A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lpg
- phase
- current
- circuit
- control circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0326—Valves electrically actuated
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0341—Filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0352—Pipes
- F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0376—Dispensing pistols
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/03—Mixtures
- F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
- F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
- F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
- F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
- F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
- F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
- F17C2227/0135—Pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/03—Control means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0486—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location
- F17C2250/0495—Indicating or measuring characterised by the location the indicated parameter is a converted measured parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
- F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
- F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
- F17C2260/036—Avoiding leaks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
- F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
- F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for detecting leaks in a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution system.
- LPG liquefied petroleum gas
- LPG which consists essentially of a mixture of butane and propane from petroleum refining and natural gas processing, is a fuel that is increasingly used.
- Such installations essentially comprise a buried LPG storage tank associated with at least one dispensing device.
- LPG is stored under its own vapor pressure, so that the storage tank contains a liquid LPG phase surmounted by a vapor LPG phase.
- the dispensing apparatus is conventionally equipped with a flexible hose on which is connected a dispensing nozzle, a volumetric meter associated with electronic counting and display devices, as well as LPG degassing devices. liquid phase to distribute.
- This return line is associated with a return pump which is generally mounted to the inner part of the dispensing device.
- the LPG transfer and return lines consist of buried pipelines.
- the LPG distribution operations in the vehicle tank are controlled from a central computer via a controller connected to the transfer pump and to the transferred liquid phase LPG flow control solenoid valve.
- LPG lines in the liquid phase and LPG vapor return lines were produced in many countries from welded metal pipe elements.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a device for detecting leaks in a LPG distribution installation making it possible to carry out such a detection very easily and at a lower cost, while avoiding having to dig up the pipes installed. .
- the present invention relates to a leak detection device of the aforementioned type essentially comprising two pressure switches calibrated at a threshold value.
- These elements are on the one hand respectively connected to the LPG transfer line in the liquid phase and on the LPG return line in the vapor phase and, on the other hand, connected in series to an electrical control circuit, generally supplied with electricity. current from the network, preferably via a transformer.
- the pressure switches close the electrical control circuit when the LPG pressure in the liquid phase circulating in the transfer line and the LPG pressure in the vapor phase circulating in the return line are greater than the threshold value while they open this circuit when one of these pressures becomes lower than the threshold value so as to prevent the passage of current in it.
- the leak detection device also comprises means for detecting the passage of current in the electrical control circuit which are associated with the central computer so as to make it possible to trigger an alarm and / or to control the interruption of the distribution of LPG in the absence of current in this circuit.
- the lack of current in the electrical control circuit is in fact interpreted by the central computer as representative of the presence of LPG leaks in the LPG transfer line in the liquid phase and / or in the LPG return line in phase. steam.
- the LPG distribution installation can preferably be restarted only after authorization by an authorized person.
- the means for detecting the passage of current in the electrical control circuit consist of an electromechanical relay comprising a coil mounted on this circuit in series with the two pressure switches and a contact which closes under the action of the electromagnetic field induced by the current flowing through this coil to transmit a correct operating signal to the central computer.
- this calculator In the absence of such a signal, this calculator detects the presence of a leak and triggers an alarm and / or orders the interruption of the distribution of LPG.
- the LPG distribution system essentially comprises a buried storage tank 1 and a dispensing device 6 which is shown schematically.
- the storage tank 1 contains a LPG fraction in the liquid phase 2 surmounted by a fraction of LPG in the vapor phase 3.
- the dispensing apparatus 6 is conventionally equipped with a flexible hose to which is connected a dispensing nozzle, a volumetric meter associated with electronic counting and display devices as well as LPG degassing members in the liquid phase. distribute.
- a liquid phase LPG transfer line 4 connects the storage tank 1 to the dispensing apparatus 6 so as to allow delivery of liquid LPG to the tank of motor vehicles.
- This transfer line 4 is conventionally equipped with nonreturn valves 41, 47 and solenoid valves 45, 48 enabling or blocking the transfer of LPG in the liquid phase to the dispensing device 6.
- This transfer is ensured by a transfer pump 42 mounted downstream of the first non-return valve 41 in the direction of LPG circulation, at the outlet of the storage tank 1, so as to suck LPG in the liquid phase 2 stored in this tank .
- the transfer pump 42 is driven by a variable speed motor 43 whose speed is controlled from a central computer 8 via a controller 44.
- This controller 44 is also connected to the solenoid valve 45 to enable control of the opening or closing thereof on instruction of the central computer 8 and notify the end of the delivery.
- the LPG transfer line in the liquid phase 4 is furthermore equipped with a filter 46, in particular of the "Y" type, making it possible to eliminate the solid impurities that may be present in the LPG in the transferred liquid phase.
- the LPG distribution system also comprises a return line 5 in the storage tank 1 of the LPG in the vapor phase separated by the degassing members equipping the dispensing device 6.
- the separated vapor phase LPG is reintroduced into the vapor LPG phase 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 where the return line 5 opens.
- the return line 5 is further equipped with non-return valves 51, 57 and a solenoid valve 58.
- two pressure switches 7a, 7b calibrated at a threshold value are respectively connected to the transfer line 4 and to the return line 5 and are connected in series to an electrical control circuit 9 which will be described in more detail in the following this presentation.
- this electrical control circuit 9 is connected to the central computer 8 so as to detect the presence of LPG leaks in the transfer line 4 or in the return line 5.
- the normal operating pressure is between 7 and 15 bar and can be limited to 23 bar by safety valves calibrated accordingly.
- the two pressure switches 7a, 7b can, for example, be calibrated to a threshold value of 4 bars, this threshold value not being necessarily the same for the two pressure switches.
- the electrical control circuit 9 on which the two pressure switches 7a, 7b are connected in series is connected to the central electrical network 10 of voltage 220 volts and supplied with current by a transformer 13 which makes it possible to convert the electrical input voltage of 220 Volts at an output voltage, typically 12 volts or 24 volts.
- phase electrical wires ⁇ and that of the neutral N of the network 10 are connected to two terminals 11.
- a wire directly connects the neutral terminal to the transformer 13 while the phase terminal is connected to this transformer via a protective circuit breaker 12.
- the contacts 71a, 71b of the pressure switches 7a, 7b make it possible to control the opening or closing of the electric control circuit 9.
- the electrical control circuit 9 is closed in the case of normal operation, that is to say when the LPG pressure in the liquid phase in the transfer line 4 and the LPG pressure in the vapor phase in the return line 5 are greater than the threshold value, and opens automatically when one of these pressures becomes lower than this threshold value to prevent the flow of current in this circuit 9.
- the electrical control circuit 9 also comprises an electromechanical relay 15 comprising a coil 16 mounted on this circuit 9 in series with the pressure switches 7a and 7b and a contact 17 whose two terminals are connected to the central computer 8.
- the central computer 8 then receives a signal RD ("Received Data”) and transmits in response to this signal a signal TD ("Transmit Data”) representative of a normal operation of the distribution facility.
- RD Receiveived Data
- TD Transmit Data
- a fuse 14 makes it possible to limit the current flowing in the electronic control circuit 9 to a maximum value so as to protect the pressure switches 7a, 7b.
- the transformer 13, the pressure switches 7a, 7b, the fuse 14 and the coil 16 of the electromechanical relay 15 are thus connected in series with the electrical control circuit 9.
- the coil 16 of the relay 15 is thus supplied with current and induces an electromagnetic field causing the closing of the contact 17 of the electromechanical relay 15.
- the central computer 8 thus receives a signal and thus detects a correct operation of the installation.
- the LPG pressure flowing in at least one of these lines 4, 5 falls and becomes lower than the threshold value so that the contact 71a, 71b of the associated pressure switch 7a, 7b opens.
- the current can no longer pass through the electronic control circuit 9, in particular in the coil 16 of the electromechanical relay 15, and the contact 17 of this relay therefore remains open.
- the central computer 8 receives no signal and interprets this absence of signal as representative of the presence of leaks on at least one of the transfer lines 4 or 5.
- the central computer 8 then sends back a signal to trigger an alarm and / or to control the interruption of the distribution of LPG.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL10305379T PL2243995T3 (pl) | 2009-04-20 | 2010-04-13 | Urządzenie do wykrywania wycieków w instalacji do dystrybucji LPG |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0952553A FR2944517B1 (fr) | 2009-04-20 | 2009-04-20 | Dispositif de detection de fuites dans une installation de distribution de gpl |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2243995A1 true EP2243995A1 (de) | 2010-10-27 |
| EP2243995B1 EP2243995B1 (de) | 2011-11-02 |
Family
ID=41382088
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP10305379A Not-in-force EP2243995B1 (de) | 2009-04-20 | 2010-04-13 | Vorrichtung zur Erkennung von Undichtigkeiten in einem LPG Verteilungsnetz |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2243995B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE531999T1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2375460T3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2944517B1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL2243995T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6574321B1 (ja) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-09-11 | 石油資源開発株式会社 | 浮体式低温液化ガス充填設備及びこれを用いた低温液化ガス配送方法 |
| CN113108239B (zh) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-10-08 | 山东京博控股集团有限公司 | 一种全覆土罐的闭环安全通风系统 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6142191A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 2000-11-07 | Cryogenic Fuels, Inc. | Apparatus and method of metering and transfer of cryogenic liquids |
| EP1450097A2 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-08-25 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Einrichtung zur Kraftstoffbefüllung und Leakage Detektionsverfahren |
| US20050000802A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Raymond Hobbs | Hydrogen handling or dispensing system |
| WO2008017756A2 (fr) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur | Procede et dispositif de remplissage securise d'un reservoir |
-
2009
- 2009-04-20 FR FR0952553A patent/FR2944517B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-04-13 EP EP10305379A patent/EP2243995B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-04-13 PL PL10305379T patent/PL2243995T3/pl unknown
- 2010-04-13 ES ES10305379T patent/ES2375460T3/es active Active
- 2010-04-13 AT AT10305379T patent/ATE531999T1/de active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6142191A (en) * | 1992-05-27 | 2000-11-07 | Cryogenic Fuels, Inc. | Apparatus and method of metering and transfer of cryogenic liquids |
| EP1450097A2 (de) * | 2003-02-19 | 2004-08-25 | Nippon Sanso Corporation | Einrichtung zur Kraftstoffbefüllung und Leakage Detektionsverfahren |
| US20050000802A1 (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2005-01-06 | Raymond Hobbs | Hydrogen handling or dispensing system |
| WO2008017756A2 (fr) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-14 | Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur | Procede et dispositif de remplissage securise d'un reservoir |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL2243995T3 (pl) | 2012-06-29 |
| ES2375460T3 (es) | 2012-03-01 |
| FR2944517A1 (fr) | 2010-10-22 |
| ATE531999T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
| EP2243995B1 (de) | 2011-11-02 |
| FR2944517B1 (fr) | 2012-06-08 |
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