EP2265802A1 - Centrale électrique hybride - Google Patents

Centrale électrique hybride

Info

Publication number
EP2265802A1
EP2265802A1 EP09758812A EP09758812A EP2265802A1 EP 2265802 A1 EP2265802 A1 EP 2265802A1 EP 09758812 A EP09758812 A EP 09758812A EP 09758812 A EP09758812 A EP 09758812A EP 2265802 A1 EP2265802 A1 EP 2265802A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam
coal
plant
power plant
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09758812A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2265802A4 (fr
Inventor
Roger Ferguson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2265802A1 publication Critical patent/EP2265802A1/fr
Publication of EP2265802A4 publication Critical patent/EP2265802A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/023—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers with heating tubes for nuclear reactors, as long as they are not classified according to a specified heating fluid, in another group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D1/00—Details of nuclear power plant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
    • G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to nuclear power plants and, more specifically, to a hybrid power plant combining a nuclear power plant or a biomass fired power plant with a fossil fuel fired power plant to provide improved efficiencies and reduced emissions.
  • coal gas
  • petroleum nuclear
  • CY 2006 International Energy Agency
  • Each of these sources has its strengths and weaknesses.
  • US only data from the US Department of Energy breaks down combustibles as coal 49.7%, natural gas 18.7% and petroleum 3%. Petroleum is almost always reserved for transportation and is not normally used in electrical power generation. Natural gas is used, but because of its cost is normally only used to power peak period surge capacity. This leaves nuclear and coal fired plants to provide base load and the majority of electricity in the world.
  • Coal-fired fossil fuel plants generally operate at the highest levels of thermal efficiency, with electricity output to heat unit input fractions in the 30-45% range. This is accomplished through a three-step steam cycle.
  • the feedwater to the boiler is pre-heated with the low temperature effluent combustion gasses extraction steam to increase the temperature from condenser temperature to approximately 450-500°F.
  • the feed water is added to the boiler, it is heated and converted to saturated steam at temperatures of 500-600°F.
  • the steam Once the steam is formed in the boiler, it passes through superheat tubes in the hottest section of the effluent gas column where the steam is increased in temperature to 1100°F - 1200°F.
  • This superheated steam is then passed through a series of high, intermediate and low pressure turbines where energy is extracted and electricity is produced by generators mechanically attached to the turbines.
  • a final step in a coal-fired plant process for electricity generation is that the air being drawn into the firebox is passed through the lowest temperature effluent gasses to pre-heat the incoming air and increase the temperature of combustion.
  • a coal-fired plant is very efficient, but even in this type of plant most of the energy of combustion is lost.
  • 1512 BTUs required to heat a pound of ambient 140°F (60°C) feedwater to a pound of superheated steam at 1200°F (650°C) 1000 psi steam, 1014 BTUs or 67% of the input energy goes to converting the water to steam and cannot be recovered as electrical output.
  • Approximately another 40 BTUs (about 3% of the total) are also un- recoverably lost in each cycle.
  • the condensers downstream of turbines will operate at a vacuum, so that the steam will not reconvert to water at the normal 212°F (100°C) boiling point, but at a temperature of 140°F (60°C).
  • Patent 3,575,002 by Vuia was for a design that routed the saturated steam from a standard nuclear power plant through the superheater section of a fossil fuel furnace in a conventional power plant. While a feasible solution, a majority of the energy input to the system is from coal, as this is a full scale fossil fuel power plant with a slightly larger superheater section in the furnace.
  • This design by Vuia proposes a design with two independent power plants in which the nuclear is assisted by the coal plant. In contrast this invention proposes a single integrated hybrid power plant that uses the energy from the coal only to add superheat to the steam, decreasing the amount of coal used to generate the same amount of energy.
  • the present invention takes the saturated steam output from a nuclear power plant and passes it through a modified coal-fired plant boiler, and then the superheated steam output of the coal plant is sent to the turbines where the energy is extracted and converted to electricity.
  • the nuclear power plant would be only minimally changed from existing designs, the only design revision would be to increase the size of the steam generators by about 15% relative to the size of the reactor core, as the feed water would be preheated to about 450°F prior to entering the steam generator, so that the heat from the reactor would be used nearly exclusively in converting the water to steam rather than both heating the water and converting it to steam.
  • a biomass -fueled power plant takes the place of the nuclear power plant to provide steam to the modified coal-fired plant.
  • a pulverized coal design is described here to show utility of this invention.
  • the coal-fired unit would be more significantly modified, as the steam boiler section (the middle temperature section of the current design) would be eliminated.
  • the superheat tube section of the unit would be greatly expanded to accept the saturated steam from the reactor and raise its temperature greatly before sending the superheated steam off to the turbines.
  • the tubes passing through effluent gasses above 800°F would be used to superheat the reactor-produced steam, while the tubes in the area where effluent gasses are below 800°F would be used to pre-heat feedwater.
  • the maximum temperature in the firebox is about 2000°F
  • about 75% of the heat would go to superheating the 575°F saturated steam to 1200°F superheated steam, while the remaining 25% would go towards preheating the feedwater prior to entry into the reactor. This would result in a coal-fired plant at one-half of its original size and one-fourth of its original carbon dioxide emissions for the same electrical output.
  • Nuclear power plants have historically been built with multiple units at single sites. Of the 63 active sites of nuclear power stations in the United States, 37 have or had either two or three reactors while only 26 were built as single reactor sites. In Canada, there are two sites with four active reactors (each planned for eight) along with one site with two reactors and a single isolated site with one power plant. Most plants are built in close proximity a lake or river to provide a cooling source for the condensers. There would also need to be rail access to provide an economical means of providing the supply of coal for the fossil fueled portion of the plant.
  • Fig. Ia is a schematic diagram showing the feedwater and steam temperatures of an exemplary standalone nuclear reactor
  • Fig. Ib is a schematic diagram of a hybrid power plant of the present invention wherein the reactor of Fig. Ia has been combined with a coal- fired plant.
  • Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of the principal elements of an exemplary standalone nuclear power plant
  • Fig. 2b is a schematic diagram of the principal elements of an exemplary standalone coal-fired power plant
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram corresponding to Figs. 2, wherein the power plants have been modified and interconnected to form a hybrid power plant of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a chart of the energy content of the steam for the power plant described in this work. The enthalpy values are shown for 400 psi; energy content is increased further with the use of higher pressure systems. This figure shows the additional usable energy that can be extracted from the steam using the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a table of statistics comparing annual power output, annual costs and annual emissions of two standalone nuclear reactors and a standalone coal-fired plant versus a hybrid power plant of the present invention wherein the two nuclear plants have been interconnected to the coal-fired plant according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary standalone pressurized water nuclear reactor.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram corresponding to Fig. 6 in which the pressurized water reactor has been interconnected to a coal-fired plant in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a chart that compares the three economic examples presented in this application and shows a surprising consistency in the efficiency improvements inherent in the present invention.
  • Example 1 Schematic of the Hybrid Power Plant
  • a standalone pressurized water nuclear reactor (Figs. Ia and 2a) is interconnected with a standalone coal-fired power plant with the boiling section replaced by an extended superheater (Fig. 2b), forming the hybrid power plant depicted in Fig. Ib and Fig. 3.
  • the Wolf Creek Nuclear Generating Station used is an 1190 MW power plant in
  • the design is a Westinghouse 4 loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant.
  • a moisture separator/reheater and seven closed feedwater heaters are used in the secondary steam system to increase efficiency.
  • the plant operates as a saturated steam
  • the reactor is used to heat the primary coolant, which in turn is used to heat the secondary coolant, causing it to boil. Circulation in each primary coolant loop is provided by a reactor coolant pump.
  • the saturated steam produced in the steam generator units is delivered via piping to an intermediate-pressure turbine, where some work is produced. After exiting the intermediate-pressure turbine, the steam passes through a moisture separator to dry the steam to prevent turbine damage. The steam is then passed through a low-pressure turbine, where the remainder of the available energy is extracted.
  • a condenser at the outlet of the low-pressure turbine condenses the steam (now called feedwater) so that it can be pumped back to the steam generator using condensate pumps and feed pumps.
  • This condensed steam is passed through seven closed feedwater heaters (CFWH) en route to the steam generator: four between the condensate pumps and feed pumps and three between the feed pumps and the steam generator.
  • CFWHs are heat exchangers that use steam extracted from different stages of the turbines to preheat the feedwater before it returns to the steam generator. This redirects some of the energy back to the steam generator rather than rejecting it in the condenser, thereby increasing efficiency.
  • the CFWHs before the feed pumps drain to the condenser, while those after the feed pumps drain to a common tank, from which they are returned to the system at the inlet of the feed pumps using a separate drain pump.
  • the hybrid facility delivers an efficiency increase to thirty-six percent, an increase of approximately 3% for biomass and 6% for nuclear plants alone.
  • the increase in efficiency is directly related to the higher steam temperature delivered by the coal-fired superheater, increasing the Carnot (or maximum) efficiency that the system can obtain.
  • By using coal to add superheat to the steam a majority of the energy from the coal is converted to electricity.
  • the decreased amount of energy that needs to be added from the reactor system would decrease the cost of the nuclear facility.
  • the invention also includes a hybrid power plant where a pressurized water reactor is combined with a pebble bed reactor.
  • the steam from the pressurized water reactor is used as a preheated source of steam for the pebble bed reactor to realize increased efficiencies.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur une centrale électrique hybride dans laquelle un réacteur nucléaire à eau pressurisée ou une centrale électrique alimentée à la biomasse, qui ont une température de fonctionnement relativement basse, en tant que tel, sont combinées à une centrale électrique à charbon ou autres combustibles fossiles ayant une température de fonctionnement plus élevée. De la vapeur provenant de la première centrale est surchauffée dans la seconde centrale électrique afin d'obtenir une centrale hybride ayant des rendements améliorés et de plus faibles émissions.
EP09758812.3A 2008-02-28 2009-03-02 Centrale électrique hybride Withdrawn EP2265802A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US3223308P 2008-02-28 2008-02-28
PCT/US2009/035630 WO2009148649A1 (fr) 2008-02-28 2009-03-02 Centrale électrique hybride

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2265802A1 true EP2265802A1 (fr) 2010-12-29
EP2265802A4 EP2265802A4 (fr) 2014-03-19

Family

ID=41398418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09758812.3A Withdrawn EP2265802A4 (fr) 2008-02-28 2009-03-02 Centrale électrique hybride

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2265802A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN102105656B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0907973A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2717798A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2010009587A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009148649A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108868918A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-23 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 核能与非核燃料带再热双链耦合高效发电系统及方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8161724B2 (en) * 2010-03-31 2012-04-24 Eif Nte Hybrid Intellectual Property Holding Company, Llc Hybrid biomass process with reheat cycle
CN103016081A (zh) * 2013-01-06 2013-04-03 华北电力大学（保定） 生物质气化与化石能源的混合发电系统

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2637165A1 (de) * 1976-08-18 1978-02-23 Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau Gmbh Kernreaktoranlage mit einem hochtemperaturreaktor mit block- oder kugelfoermigen brennelementen und gasfoermigem kuehlmedium
CH682357A5 (fr) * 1991-09-05 1993-08-31 Asea Brown Boveri
US5535687A (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-07-16 Raytheon Engineers & Constructors Circulating fluidized bed repowering to reduce Sox and Nox emissions from industrial and utility boilers
US6105369A (en) * 1999-01-13 2000-08-22 Abb Alstom Power Inc. Hybrid dual cycle vapor generation
ITMI20022725A1 (it) * 2002-12-20 2004-06-21 Sist Ecodeco S P A Metodo ed impianto per l'utilizzo di rifiuti in una
JP3611327B1 (ja) * 2003-07-04 2005-01-19 勝重 山田 再熱・再生式ランキングサイクルの火力発電プラント
US6948315B2 (en) * 2004-02-09 2005-09-27 Timothy Michael Kirby Method and apparatus for a waste heat recycling thermal power plant
GB0522591D0 (en) * 2005-11-04 2005-12-14 Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd Process and plant for power generation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108868918A (zh) * 2018-06-22 2018-11-23 山东电力工程咨询院有限公司 核能与非核燃料带再热双链耦合高效发电系统及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BRPI0907973A2 (pt) 2019-08-27
CA2717798A1 (fr) 2009-12-10
WO2009148649A1 (fr) 2009-12-10
MX2010009587A (es) 2010-11-26
CN102105656A (zh) 2011-06-22
WO2009148649A9 (fr) 2010-03-25
CN102105656B (zh) 2015-11-25
EP2265802A4 (fr) 2014-03-19

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