EP2267393A2 - Canal d'écoulement pour un échangeur de chaleur et échangeur de chaleur doté d'un tel canal - Google Patents

Canal d'écoulement pour un échangeur de chaleur et échangeur de chaleur doté d'un tel canal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2267393A2
EP2267393A2 EP10181882A EP10181882A EP2267393A2 EP 2267393 A2 EP2267393 A2 EP 2267393A2 EP 10181882 A EP10181882 A EP 10181882A EP 10181882 A EP10181882 A EP 10181882A EP 2267393 A2 EP2267393 A2 EP 2267393A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow channel
structural elements
flow
rows
channel according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10181882A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2267393B1 (fr
EP2267393A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Geskes
Michael Schmidt
Martin Schindler
Rainer Lutz
Ulrich Maucher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2267393A2 publication Critical patent/EP2267393A2/fr
Publication of EP2267393A3 publication Critical patent/EP2267393A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2267393B1 publication Critical patent/EP2267393B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/40—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/02—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by influencing fluid boundary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flow channel of a heat exchanger through which a medium can flow in a flow direction according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a heat exchanger with flow channels according to the preamble of claim 40.
  • Flow channels for heat exchangers are from a first medium, eg. B. flows through an exhaust gas or a liquid coolant and define this first medium against a second medium to which the heat of the first medium is to be transmitted, from.
  • a first medium eg. B. flows through an exhaust gas or a liquid coolant and define this first medium against a second medium to which the heat of the first medium is to be transmitted, from.
  • Such flow channels may be tubes with a round cross-section, rectangular tubes, flat tubes or pairs of discs, in which two plates or discs are connected at the edge.
  • the media that are in heat exchange with each other, different, z. B. flows in the pipes a hot, laden with soot particles exhaust gas, and on the outside of the exhaust pipes are flowed around by a liquid coolant, which has different heat transfer conditions on the inside and outside of the tubes result.
  • the winglet pairs of the two half shells are either in the longitudinal direction of the tubes, ie offset in the flow direction against each other ( DE 196 54 367 . DE 196 54 368 ) or facing each other ( DE 195 40 683 ) arranged.
  • the applicant has proposed a heat exchanger, in particular a coolant / air cooler with flat tubes and corrugated fins, in which the flat sides of the flat tubes have a structure consisting of structural elements.
  • the structural elements are elongated, V-shaped arranged in rows transverse to the coolant flow direction and transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tubes and act as a vortex generator to increase the heat transfer on the coolant side.
  • the vortex generators are embossed in both opposite pipe walls and protrude inwards into the coolant flow.
  • the rows of vortex generators on one flat tube side are offset in the flow direction from the rows on the other flat tube side.
  • a flat tube for a motor vehicle radiator which has on its flat sides a structure consisting of individual elongated, arranged in rows structural elements.
  • rows with differently oriented structural elements are arranged in the flow direction, so that the flow in the interior of the flat tube is deflected approximately in a zigzag shape.
  • the rows are arranged with structural elements on a flat tube side in the flow direction offset from the rows of the opposite flat tube side.
  • a row of structural elements thus faces a smooth area of the flat tube inner wall.
  • the flow within the coolant tube is thus alternately influenced by the structural elements of one and the other flat tube side, but not simultaneously. This is to be avoided, inter alia, a blockage of the pipes.
  • the heat transfer capability there are still potentials here.
  • the structural elements arranged in particular in rows lie substantially opposite one another and the other side of the flow channel, that is, in the direction of flow, are each arranged approximately at the same height.
  • the opposing structural elements or rows can also be offset from each other in the flow direction, but only to the extent that there is still an overlap.
  • structural elements projecting from the one and the other heat exchanger surface and projecting into the flow channel enter the flow and cause a turbulence of the flow, which results in an improvement of the heat transfer on the inside of the flow channel.
  • a row of structural elements is formed in the context of the present invention of one or more structural elements, which are arranged in the flow direction P substantially side by side.
  • a row can thus also be formed by a single structural element, next to which, for example, no further structural elements are arranged.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention provide various embodiments of the structural elements, which may be rectilinear or curved, ie with a constant or variable outflow angle to the flow direction.
  • the structural elements can be arranged offset within a row, that is, the structural elements are indeed arranged in a direction transverse to the flow direction series, but arranged staggered in the flow direction. This also gives the advantage of a lower pressure loss.
  • knobs and / or webs can be pronounced outwardly or inwardly to achieve a "support” and thus an increase in strength.
  • the vortex generating structures can also take over this function in whole or in part.
  • the substantially opposing heat transfer surfaces and in particular the structural elements arranged thereon are curved.
  • the advantages of the invention are achieved.
  • the substantially opposing heat transfer surfaces heat engineering primary surfaces.
  • the heat transfer surfaces are heat-technical secondary surfaces, which are formed in particular by preferably welded to the flow channel, welded or jammed ribs, webs or the like.
  • the height h of the structural elements is in the range of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm, preferably by 3.7 mm.
  • the flow channel is rectangular and has a width b, which is in particular in the range of 5 mm to 120 mm, preferably in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • a hydraulic diameter of the flow channel is in the range of 3 mm to 26 mm, in particular in the range of 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • each structural element row each comprises a plurality of structural elements.
  • the aforementioned flow channels are provided as flat, round, oval or rectangular tubes of a heat exchanger, advantageously a Abgastageübertragers.
  • the arrangement of the structural elements according to the invention ie advantageously their impression in the pipe inner walls brings an increase in performance of the heat exchanger with it.
  • Particularly advantageous are the arranged in rows structural elements for exhaust gas heat exchanger, because in this case a soot deposition is avoided in the interior of the flat tubes.
  • the exhaust pipes are surrounded on their outside by a coolant, which is taken from the coolant circuit of the exhaust gases ejecting the engine. It is also possible that the structures are also stamped in plates or slices to produce heat exchangers from them.
  • the angle of attack ⁇ is in each case greater than the outflow angle ⁇ .
  • the radius R is in the range of 1 to 10 mm, preferably in the range of 1 to 5 mm.
  • a distance a between two structural elements can be different within at least one row.
  • the distance a is in the range of 0 to 8 mm.
  • individual structural elements of a row in the flow direction P are offset from one another by an amount f, the amount f being smaller than the depth T of the structural elements and T being the projection of the length L transverse to the flow direction P.
  • opposite rows in the flow direction P have an offset f, where f is smaller than the depth T of a row.
  • the rows lying opposite one another have gaps between the structural elements, which in each case are opposite structural elements of the other row.
  • substantially opposing heat transfer surfaces and in particular the structural elements arranged thereon are curved.
  • the substantially opposing heat transfer surfaces heat-technical primary surfaces or secondary surfaces are formed in particular by preferably soldered to the flow channel, welded or jammed ribs, webs or the like.
  • the height h is in the range of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm, preferably by 3.7 mm.
  • the flow channel is rectangular and has a width b which is in particular in the range of 5 mm to 120 mm, preferably in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm.
  • a hydraulic diameter of the flow channel is in the range of 3 mm to 26 mm, in particular in the range of 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • each structural element row each comprise a plurality of structural elements.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a heat exchanger, in particular exhaust gas cooler, in particular for a motor vehicle, with flow channels for a fluid, wherein at least one flow channel is formed according to one of the preceding claims.
  • the flow channels are designed as soldered or welded flat or rectangular tubes and the heat transfer surfaces as flat tube walls.
  • the flow channels are formed by stacking plates or disks having structural elements. It is advantageous that the structural elements are molded into the tube walls, in particular stamped.
  • the pipes can be flowed through by exhaust gas and can be flowed around by a liquid coolant.
  • the rows of structural elements in the flow direction have a distance s which is 2 times to 6 times the length L of a structural element.
  • outwardly pronounced structural elements are supporting nubs, webs or elements and touch or soldered or welded together.
  • the width b of the flat tube is 40 mm or 20 mm, the overall height of the flat tube about 4.5 mm and the height h of the winglets about 1.3 mm.
  • a clear channel height of 4.0 mm With a clear channel height of 4.0 mm, a clear cross-sectional height of 1.4 mm for a core flow remains as a result of the winglets projecting from both sides into the channel cross-section, each with a height of 1.3 mm.
  • the distance s of the rows is about 20 mm.
  • the flat tube 7 is preferably used for per se known exhaust gas heat exchanger (not shown), ie it is traversed on the inside of exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle and cooled on its outside by coolant of a coolant circuit of the internal combustion engine.
  • the outside of the flat tubes 7 - as known from the prior art - be smooth and be kept for example by embossed knobs at a distance with adjacent tubes.
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d show individual structural elements which are provided for a structure according to the invention on the flow channels.
  • Fig. 5a shows an elongated structural element 13 with a longitudinal axis 13a, which forms with a reference line q an angle ⁇ , the outflow angle.
  • the flow direction for all representations 5a to 5d is the same in each case and represented by an arrow P.
  • the reference line q is perpendicular to the flow direction P.
  • the structural element 13 has a length L and a width B. The latter can be constant or variable, ie increasing in the direction P.
  • Fig. 5b shows an elongated, but angled structural element 14 with two mutually inclined longitudinal axes 14a, 14b, which enclose an angle ⁇ and ⁇ with the reference line q, ⁇ is referred to here as the angle of attack and ⁇ as the outflow angle.
  • the flow according to the arrow P is thus deflected in two stages, ie initially only slightly and then stronger. This results in a lower pressure drop - compared to a structural element according to Fig. 5a at the same outlet angle) ⁇ .
  • the length of the structural element 14 along the longitudinal axes 14a, 14b is denoted by L.
  • Fig. 5c shows an arcuate structural element 15 with a curved longitudinal axis 15a, which corresponds to a circular arc with the radius R.
  • the upstream angle is referred to as the angle of attack ⁇ and the downstream angle is referred to as the outflow angle ⁇ .
  • Fig. 5d shows a further embodiment of a structural element 16, which is approximately Z-shaped and also has a Z-shaped extending longitudinal axis 16a.
  • the angle of attack is here denoted by ⁇ , the outflow angle by ⁇ , it corresponds to a flow deflection of (90 ° - a), which takes place in the central region of the structural element 16.
  • the inflow and outflow of this structural element takes place practically in the flow direction P. This is a particularly low-pressure deflection of the flow given.
  • the length of the structural element along the longitudinal axis 16a is denoted by L.
  • the Fig. 6a, 6b . 6c, 6d . 6e, 6f . 6g . 6h show arrangement patterns of the structural elements 13 according to FIG Fig. 5a , in rows on a section of a flow channel. In embodiments not shown, only individual structural elements are opposite each other.
  • Fig. 6a shows the elongated structural elements 13 each arranged in two rows 17, 18, which have a distance s in the flow direction P.
  • the structural elements 13 shown in solid lines are impressed in the upper side F1 of the flow channel.
  • the lower heat exchanger surface or side F2 of the flow channel broken structure elements 13 ' also in rows 19, 20 are arranged.
  • the rows are shown by dashed lines.
  • the structural elements 13 'on the lower surface F2 are opposite to the structural elements 13 on the upper surface F1 aligned, ie they have an opposite outflow angle ⁇ (see. Fig. 5a ) on.
  • the rows 19, 20 offset from the rows 17, 18 in the flow direction P, by the amount f.
  • the structural elements 13 and 13 'and the associated rows 17, 18 19, 20 each have a depth T, ie, an extension in the flow direction P.
  • the offset f is smaller than the depth T, so that between the rows 18, 20 and 17, 19 an overlap Ü remains, which is from the difference of T and f.
  • Fig. 6b shows another pattern of in-line structure elements 13 in a row 21 and a row 22 with different outflow angles ⁇ (not shown).
  • the structural elements 13 in solid lines are embossed in the upper side F1 of the flow channel.
  • On the lower surface F2 of the flow channel are in the flow direction P, dashed at the same height illustrated structural elements 13 'arranged with opposite orientation, so that an upper structural element 13 and an opposite lower structural element 13' in the plan view in each case appear as a cross.
  • the upper row with structural elements 13 is thus not offset from the lower row with structural elements 13 '; the overlap Ü is 100%.
  • Fig. 6c to Fig. 6h show further arrangement patterns of the structural elements 13, 13 'on the upper (shown in solid) and the lower (shown broken) side F1, F2 of the flow channel.
  • Fig. 6h also shows on the outside of the flow channels supporting elements 13 ", which are arranged in this embodiment adjacent to the structural elements 13, 13 'and in particular within the rows formed by the structural elements 13, 13'
  • the support elements 13 advantageousously have a height which corresponds to the desired
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b show further variants for the arrangement of the structural elements 13 in rows.
  • Fig. 7a shows a section of a flow channel with two rows 23, 24 of V-shaped arranged structural elements 13 on the upper side F1.
  • the structural elements 13 are not arranged next to one another at constant intervals, but instead have gaps 25, 26, 27, which, however, are filled on the underside F 2 by structural elements 13 ', so that in the plan view a continuous uniform arrangement of structural elements 13 and 13 'results.
  • This arrangement of "discontinuous" rows 23, 24 and the corresponding rows on the bottom results in a lower pressure drop for the flow in the direction P, because the structural elements - seen in the width direction - only alternately engage from above and below in the flow.
  • Fig. 7b shows a similar patchy arrangement of parallel-aligned structural elements 13 on the upper side F1 in rows 28, 29.
  • the gaps between the structural elements 13 are in turn filled by structural elements 13 'on the underside F2, wherein the structural elements 13 on the upper side F1 and the structural elements 13 'on the bottom F2 to complement a zig-zag arrangement in the plan view.
  • This arrangement is relatively low pressure loss.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment for the arrangement of structural elements 13 and 13 'in two rows 30, 31 on the upper side F1.
  • the structural elements 13 of the row 30 and the structural elements 13 'of the opposite row (on the bottom F2) are parallel and in the same Spaced apart.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b . 7a, 7b and 8th structures with the structural elements 13 were obtained according to FIG Fig. 5a shown.
  • the structural elements 13 can also be replaced by structural elements 14 (in FIG Fig. 5b ), 15 ( Fig. 5c ) or 16 ( Fig. 5d ) be replaced. It would also be possible in a number of different structural elements, eg. B. 13 and 14 to use.
  • Fig. 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d show variants of the structural elements 13, 14, 15, 16 by mirroring: This results in so-called winglet pairs 32, 33, 34, 35, wherein in each case a minimum distance a is provided between two structural elements.
  • the flow direction is usually in the direction of the arrow P, wherein the flow of the winglet pairs conventionally takes place at the narrowest point a.
  • These winglet pairs can be arranged side by side in rows, e.g. B. as in the FIGS. 6 to 8 ,
  • 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d show further variations of the structural elements 13, 14, 15, 16 by parallel displacement. This results in double elements 36, 37, 38, 39, each with equal distances a at the arrival and downstream, z. B. in the structures according to Fig. 6 to 8 can be integrated.
  • Fig. 11c vary the outflow angle of the structural elements 13, and in Fig. 11d vary the lengths L1, L2 of the structural elements 13.
  • a combination (not shown) of the variants according to Fig. 11b, 11c, 11d is also possible. These variations can also occur in the upper and / or lower surface F1 or F2.
  • Fig. 12a shows another structural element 43, which is formed as an angle with two straight legs 43a, 43b, which are connected at their apex by an arc 43c.
  • this structural element 43 constitutes a modification of the winglet pair 32 Fig. 9a
  • the flow is preferably in the direction of vertex 43c, according to the arrow P.
  • Fig. 12b shows a further modification of the structural element pair 34 according to Fig. 9c namely, a structural member 44 having two arcuate legs 44a, 44b joined at apex by a bend 44c.
  • the structural element 44 which is likewise flown in the direction of the apex 44c in accordance with the arrow P, initially causes a small flow deflection, which then amplifies due to the legs 44a, 44b curved into the flow.
  • Fig. 12a and Fig. 12b can be used in all previously shown arrangements where two structures arranged in V-shape can be found again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP10181882.1A 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'écoulement pour un échangeur de chaleur Expired - Lifetime EP2267393B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10350418 2003-10-28
EP04786965.6A EP1682842B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'ecoulement pour dispositif de transfert de chaleur et dispositif de transfert de chaleur comprenant de tels canaux d'ecoulement

Related Parent Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04786965.6 Division 2004-09-20
EP04786965.6A Division EP1682842B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'ecoulement pour dispositif de transfert de chaleur et dispositif de transfert de chaleur comprenant de tels canaux d'ecoulement
EP04786965.6A Division-Into EP1682842B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'ecoulement pour dispositif de transfert de chaleur et dispositif de transfert de chaleur comprenant de tels canaux d'ecoulement

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2267393A2 true EP2267393A2 (fr) 2010-12-29
EP2267393A3 EP2267393A3 (fr) 2012-07-04
EP2267393B1 EP2267393B1 (fr) 2017-06-28

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ID=34485135

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10181882.1A Expired - Lifetime EP2267393B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'écoulement pour un échangeur de chaleur
EP04786965.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1682842B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'ecoulement pour dispositif de transfert de chaleur et dispositif de transfert de chaleur comprenant de tels canaux d'ecoulement

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EP04786965.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1682842B1 (fr) 2003-10-28 2004-09-20 Canal d'ecoulement pour dispositif de transfert de chaleur et dispositif de transfert de chaleur comprenant de tels canaux d'ecoulement

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (2) US20070107882A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP2267393B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007510122A (fr)
KR (1) KR20060101481A (fr)
CN (1) CN1875240B (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0415965B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004045923A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2496943T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005052490A1 (fr)

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WO2019025719A1 (fr) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-07 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Tube pour echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif de perturbation
DE202019101397U1 (de) 2019-03-12 2019-04-01 Mahle International Gmbh Abgaskühler
FR3073611A1 (fr) * 2017-07-31 2019-05-17 Valeo Systemes Thermiques Tube pour echangeur de chaleur avec dispositif de perturbation de geometrie variable
DE102017223616A1 (de) 2017-12-21 2019-06-27 Mahle International Gmbh Flachrohr für einen Abgaskühler
DE102021108225A1 (de) 2021-03-31 2022-10-06 Dynamic Blue Holding Gmbh Strömungsleitelement für Kaltwärmenetze

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DE102012205916B4 (de) 2012-04-11 2018-09-06 Mahle International Gmbh Wellrippe
EP2682703B1 (fr) * 2012-07-05 2018-03-28 Airec AB Plaque pour échangeur de chaleur, échangeur de chaleur et refroidisseur d'air comprenant un échangeur de chaleur
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WO2005052490A1 (fr) 2005-06-09
US20120067557A1 (en) 2012-03-22
CN1875240A (zh) 2006-12-06
DE102004045923A1 (de) 2005-05-25
ES2496943T3 (es) 2014-09-22
EP2267393B1 (fr) 2017-06-28
BRPI0415965B1 (pt) 2018-06-12
CN1875240B (zh) 2010-10-13
EP1682842A1 (fr) 2006-07-26
KR20060101481A (ko) 2006-09-25
EP2267393A3 (fr) 2012-07-04
BRPI0415965A (pt) 2007-01-23
JP2007510122A (ja) 2007-04-19
EP1682842B1 (fr) 2014-06-04
US20070107882A1 (en) 2007-05-17

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