EP2288766A2 - Structure de surface - Google Patents

Structure de surface

Info

Publication number
EP2288766A2
EP2288766A2 EP09738192A EP09738192A EP2288766A2 EP 2288766 A2 EP2288766 A2 EP 2288766A2 EP 09738192 A EP09738192 A EP 09738192A EP 09738192 A EP09738192 A EP 09738192A EP 2288766 A2 EP2288766 A2 EP 2288766A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
surface structure
elements
joint element
girders
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09738192A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Franz Reifer
Michael Reifer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Frener and Reifer GmbH/Srl
Original Assignee
Frener & Reifer Metallbau & Srl GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Frener & Reifer Metallbau & Srl GmbH filed Critical Frener & Reifer Metallbau & Srl GmbH
Publication of EP2288766A2 publication Critical patent/EP2288766A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/28—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of other material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2406—Connection nodes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
    • E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
    • E04B2001/2451—Connections between closed section profiles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3235—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures having a grid frame
    • E04B2001/3241—Frame connection details
    • E04B2001/3247—Nodes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to in general to a surface structure particularly bearing surface structure elements.
  • the present invention relates to a visual joint- free surface structure with at least one star-like joint element.
  • Surface structures such as surface bearing structures or space frameworks are used for building constructions in various embodiments and versions thereof but not limited thereto, in general. Often, widely spanned but light-weighted surface structure such as surface structures bearing roofs, facades, halls, domes and the like can be constructed thereby.
  • Load-bearing surface structures in particular single-shell plane load-bearing structure comprising girders and joints are known from DE 42 24 663 C2.
  • Single-shell plane load- bearing structures such as a single-wall dome or the like have a relative less thickness in a plane perpendicular to the surface structure in comparison to space frameworks. Further, a single-shell plane load-bearing structure is not completely solved in the structure of a spacious grid, in which the girders are ideally subjected only to traction forces and/or compressive forces.
  • the grid solution of the structure of the single-shell plane load-bearing structure of DE 42 24 663 C2 is substantially obtained only in the plane of the load-bearing structure because of which the girders and joints of the single-shell plane load-bearing structure are also subjected to bending moments, which bending axis are substantially comprised in the plane of the single-shell plane load-bearing structure contrary to a space frameworks established by a spacious grid.
  • connection between the girders and joints of a surface strucre such as the single-shell plane load-bearing structure of DE 42 24 663 C2 cannot typically be formed by substantially point-like structures as used in space frameworks. Rather, the connection may be realized by line supports or two-dimensional supports, wherein the main axis of the substantially two-dimensional or line supporting connection between the girders and the joints is arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the load-bearing structure in order to allow transfer of bending moments between the girders and joints.
  • the design of the girders and the joints has also to be adapted to the ability to accept and transfer the bending moments, which typically involves that the girders and joints have an enlarged extension substantially perpendicular to the plane of the load-bearing structure or an increased height of its profile, in other words.
  • a surface structure and in particular a load- bearing surface structure which has at least one joint element and several girders, wherein the joint element has the shape of a star with several arm elements, which are disposed in one plane and each arm element of the at least one joint element is inserted in a respective girder such that all girders, which are connected with one joint element, contact each other in one point and cover completely the joint element.
  • the surface structure appears to be free of any knot and joint, respectively.
  • only linking points are established by the adjoining of the individual girders, which appear to a viewer (viewing the surface structure for instance from the inside thereof) to adjoin in substantially one point.
  • the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention should not being understood as being limited to any surface structure, load-bearing structure or plane load- bearing structure for bearing or supporting plane elements slabs but may also be used to bear or support slab elements extending over floor levels and having geometry of any form and surface shape including in particular curved surface shapes.
  • the surface elements born or supported by the surface structure i.e. the aforementioned slab elements, should be understood as two-dimensional extending elements including two-dimensional elements having any surface shape including in particular a plane or curved surface.
  • the surface structure provided to bear or support the load of several surface structure elements may be designed to define substantially any overall surface shape including roofs, (second skin) facades, halls, domes and the like.
  • such slab elements may be facade elements, second skin facade elements, roof elements, floor elements, ceiling elements and the like.
  • the surface structure is hence dependent on the shape of the slab elements and in case of slab elements extending over floors the surface structure may for instance be dependent on the design and course of the ceilings of a building. Therefore, the technical characteristics of the triangulated surface structure, in particular load-bearing surface structure, can be integrated into the element facade and vice versa.
  • the joint element acts as a stabilizing element, such that there is no need for further stabilizing elements. Because of structural grounds each pair of adjacent arm elements draws an angle of about 90° or less. Preferably, the pair of adjacent arm elements draws an angle of at least 30°.
  • the joint element comprises several joint subelements, wherein the joint subelements are arranged in parallel to each other and are connected with each other by at least one column element.
  • the girders have at least partially an oval cross section. This shape of the girders ensure that there does not occur gaps at the cuttings of adjacent joint elements in case of non-plane load-bearing structures, which gaps would occur for instance if rectangular profiles are used, wherein these gaps would have to be covered by parts of the joint elements.
  • girders have at least partially an oval cross section the profiles can be joint at one point at the inner surface thereof.
  • the girders have at least one groove, which extends along the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the groove provides a curved or plane surface, which is used for the screw joining from inside the surface structure, and the screw joining may be covered by a cover element such as a clip profile.
  • the surface of the groove should be shaped substantially in parallel to the respective surface of the arm of the joint element, in particular, the surface of the arm, which accepts the screws or other alternative mounting elements used in alternative to the aforementioned screws.
  • each girder is connected to each arm element of a joint element with the help of mounting elements, which arm element is inserted into the girder, wherein the mounting elements are arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the joint element.
  • the mounting elements may be screws but the present invention should be understood as not being limited thereto. Further ways of mounting including for instance welding may be also used.
  • the at least one joint element may be made of steel, which ensures stability. But the present invention should not be understood as being limited thereto; the at least one joint element may be also made of fiber reinforced material.
  • the girders of the surface structure may be made of aluminum in order to keep the total weight of the surface structure low. The total weight of the surface structure may be further reduced by using hollow, in particular tubular girders.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an exterior top plan view of a section of the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an interior plan view of a section of the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a plan view of the subsection indicated in Fig. 1 illustrating an exterior top plan view on the joint element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a perspective view of the subsection indicated in Fig. 1 and in correspondence with Fig. 3 illustrating an exterior perspective view on the joint element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a plan view of the subsection indicated in Fig. 2 illustrating an interior plan view on the joint element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the subsection indicated in Fig. 2 and in correspondence with Fig. 5 illustrating an interior perspective view on the joint element according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates schematically a construction drawing of a plan view of the joint element in a plane substantially parallel to the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8a illustrates schematically a construction drawing of a plan view of a cross section through an arm element of the joint element in a plane substantially perpendicular to the 2-dimensional extending surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8b illustrates schematically a perspective view of the joint element with three girders, into which arm elements of the joint element are inserted according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates schematically a construction drawing of a plan view of a cross section through a girder substantially perpendicular to its longitudinal elongation as indicated in Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates schematically a construction drawing of a plan view of a cross section through a girder substantially perpendicular to its longitudinal elongation as indicated in Fig. 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a surface structure, in particular a load-bearing surface structure bearing several slab elements, according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a joint element 1, which may be made for instance of steel, and several girders 2, which may be made for instance of aluminum.
  • the joint element 1 has the shape of a star, which has seven arm elements arranged within one plane. Each arm element of the joint element 1 is inserted into one respective girder 2 such that the girders connected to one joint element 1 by sliding on the respective arm elements adjoin each other in one point and hence, the girders cover completely the joint element 1.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates an exterior top plan view of a section of the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates an interior plan view of the section of the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the plan view of the section of the surface structure shown in Fig. 1 illustrates schematically the view from exterior on slab elements 3 including in particular facade elements or roof elements, which are born by the surface structure.
  • the interior plan view of the section of the surface structure illustrates schematically the view from interior on the slab elements.
  • Both Figs. 1 and 2 indicate schematically further sections and cross section of the surface structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, which sections are illustrated in the following figures and described with reference thereto.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a plan view of the subsection of the exterior top plan view of the section of the surface structure as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 illustrates schematically a perspective view of this subsection.
  • the subsection comprises the view on a joint element 1 with arm elements inserted into respective girders 2.
  • the perspective view of Fig. 4 is selected such that the view is directed on the slab elements 3 (for instance glass plates), which are born by the girders 2 and arranged between them.
  • the slab elements including in particular facade elements or roof elements are mounted to the girders 2 by mountings, which will be described in more detail with reference to Figs. 9 and 10.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates schematically a plan view of the subsection of the interior top plan view of the section of the surface structure as indicated in Fig. 1 and Fig. ⁇ illustrates schematically a perspective view of this subsection.
  • the subsection comprises the view on a joint element 1 with arm elements inserted into respective girders 2.
  • the perspective view of Fig. 6 is selected such that the view is directed on the interior side of the girders 2 provided with grooves 22.
  • the grooves 22 extend along the longitudinal direction of the girders 2.
  • Such grooves 22 may have a width of approximately 16 mm.
  • the girders are designed to accept a mounting of a two-dimensional element such the aforementioned slab elements 3 (e.g.
  • FIG. 5 the grooves are covered by clip profiles, which are designed to be accepted by the grooves.
  • the clip profiles may be adapted to be detachably affixed at the grooves.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 further illustrate schematically the star shape of the joint element 1 with the seven arm elements arranged within one plane. Each arm element of the joint element 1 is inserted into one respective girder 2. The girders slid on the respective arm elements adjoin each other in one point. As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the girders cover completely the joint element 1 such that the joint element 1 is invisible for a person who looks from the interior on the surface structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the groove provided at the narrow side of the girder 2, which narrow side faces to the interior of the surface structure, has substantially a planar groove base.
  • the planar groove base may comprise holes, though which mounting elements such as screws or bolts can be passed through into acceptances of the arm element such as screw holes or bolt holes, which arm element is inserted into the girder 2.
  • the cross section view shown in Fig. 8a illustrates the mounting elements in more detail.
  • Fig. 7 illustrates schematically a plan view of a section of the (two-dimensionally extending) surface structure element according to an embodiment of the present invention. Hence, the joint element is not visible.
  • Each girder is affixed to the respective arm element of the joint element 1, which arm elements are inserted in to the respective girders 2, with four screws as mounting elements 21.
  • the mounting elements 21 (herein screws) are oriented substantially perpendicular to the plane of the joint element 1.
  • Fig. 8a shows a cross section through an arm element of the joint element 1 substantially parallel to the longitudinal plane thereof.
  • Fig. 8b illustrates a perspective view of the joint element 1, which is provided with only three girders 2, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the joint element 1 is formed of two joint subelements 111 and 112, wherein the joint subelements are arranged substantially parallel to each other and are connected by column elements 12.
  • each arm element may comprise two column elements 12, which connect the joint subelements 111 and 112. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in Fig. 8b.
  • each arm element may comprise one or more column elements 12.
  • the column element 12 may be further designed into several column subelements, which may be advantageous in view of the total weight of the joint element.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a cross section view of a girder 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the illustrated girder 2 has an at least partially hollow, oval shape in cross section.
  • the girder 2 has a height of approximately 200 mm at and a width of approximately 80 mm at its broadest position and a width of approximately 38 mm at its smallest position.
  • the girder 2 is provided with groove extending in longitudinal direction of the girder 2 and having a substantially planar groove base.
  • a cover element 23 for instance the aforementioned clip profile is further indicated by dashed lines.
  • the girder 2 is further connected to a mounting 30 for affixing the slab elements 3 (such as glass plates forming facade elements or roof elements, herein a glass plate elements with double glazing) to the girder 2.
  • the mounting 30 is detachably mounted to the girder 2 with the help of a locking element 31 , which is provided with a locking projection 33 engaging with a corresponding locking groove 32 of the girder 2.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a cross section view of a girder 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment illustrates a transfer system, which connects a facade element system and an element facade comprising free-form elements.
  • the transfer system comprises a sealing system 40 comprising for instance three sealing joints in a staggered arrangement.
  • the sealing joints of the sealing system 40 are oriented substantially parallel to the slab elements (such as facade or roof elements) born by the surface structure and hence are adapted to compensate movements substantially parallel to the facade elements (or roof elements). Details of the sealing system can be obtained from the construction drawing of Fig. 10.
  • the girder illustrated in Fig. 10 is composed of two parts, which are sealed against each other by the sealing system 40.
  • the girder 2 has a height of approximately 200 mm at and a width of approximately 130 mm at its broadest position and a width of approximately 90 mm at its smallest position.
  • the surface structure may be also at an angle, for example the angle of slope of the roof, in relationship to the vertical plane
  • the surface structure in case of a facade, may be also at an angle, for example the angle of slope of the facade, in relationship to the vertical plane.
  • the surface structure may be substantially vertical in relationship to the surface of the earth.
  • the structural elements of the surface structure may be of the aforementioned materials but also of any material or combination of the aforementioned materials or otherwise suitable materials for this purpose.
  • the surface structure described above may be used as a construction basis of a second skin facade of a building and is provided to bear facade elements of such second skin facade.
  • new facade-concepts provide facades that actively consider the difference between outer- and inner climate and that manage the inner climate together with the building installations. Not only does the demand of the designers for a transparent building-enclosure play a role in the development of these facades, but also the strongly changing energy balance in many offices and the demand of many users for an individually adjustable climate and a clear view. A notable characteristic of these facades is that they actually co-operate with the installations in a building or even integrate with them to such a level that these facades become part of the installation.
  • a second-skin facade may be understood as a reversed climate facade: for instance, a ventilated air cavity between an inner sheet of insulated glass and an outer sheet of (usually hardened) single layer glass.
  • a sunscreen may be fitted in the air cavity, for instance directly behind the outer sheet.
  • the advantage of the second-skin facade is that the cavity can be naturally ventilated and that (inside) windows can be opened to ventilate without affecting the system too much.
  • Another advantage of such a second-skin facade is that with tall buildings windows that can be opened by users can be applied without causing wind hindrance.
  • a surface structure which bears one or more slab elements of curved shape, i.e. including shapes curved differently in different directions of the elements, or plane shape.
  • the surface structure described herein may be designated as plane load- bearing structure, which should be understood that the load-bearing structure bears one or more plane elements but which should not be understood that the overall shape of the plane load-bearing structure is necessarily plane. Rather, the overall shape of the plane load- bearing structure may be curved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur une structure de surface qui comporte au moins un élément de raccord et plusieurs poutrelles. L'élément de raccord est en forme d'étoile avec plusieurs éléments de branches, qui sont disposés dans un plan, chaque élément de branche du ou des éléments de raccord étant inséré dans une poutrelle respective, de telle sorte que toutes les poutrelles, qui sont reliées avec un élément de raccord, viennent mutuellement en contact en un point et couvrent complètement l'élément de raccord. Sous un aspect global, la structure de surface apparaît comme étant exempte de tout nœud et de tout raccord, respectivement. Dans une perception optique, seuls des points de liaison sont établis par la jonction des poutrelles individuelles, qui semblent se rejoindre, sensiblement en un point.
EP09738192A 2008-04-30 2009-04-29 Structure de surface Withdrawn EP2288766A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200820005962 DE202008005962U1 (de) 2008-04-30 2008-04-30 Flächentragwerk
PCT/EP2009/055216 WO2009133148A2 (fr) 2008-04-30 2009-04-29 Structure de surface

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2288766A2 true EP2288766A2 (fr) 2011-03-02

Family

ID=41051783

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09738192A Withdrawn EP2288766A2 (fr) 2008-04-30 2009-04-29 Structure de surface

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2288766A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE202008005962U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009133148A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117513556B (zh) * 2023-11-02 2024-10-01 中国中元国际工程有限公司 一种自由曲面网壳的加强型板式连接节点及其施工方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4295303A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-20 Klebe Wilmer A Geodetic dome

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4224663C2 (de) 1992-07-25 1996-02-15 Mero Raumstruktur Gmbh & Co Knotenstück für zweifach gekrümmte Gittertragkonstruktionen, insbesondere in einlagiger Ausführung
US5650210A (en) * 1993-03-25 1997-07-22 Forestry And Forest Products Research Institute Wood joining structure and method thereof
US6669396B2 (en) * 1997-06-09 2003-12-30 Sfs Industrie Holding Ag Connecting element for connecting at least two wooden construction parts and a joint plate
US6095361A (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-08-01 Huang; Jammy Case frame for a game machine

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4295303A (en) * 1979-10-01 1981-10-20 Klebe Wilmer A Geodetic dome

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE202008005962U1 (de) 2009-09-03
WO2009133148A3 (fr) 2010-11-04
WO2009133148A2 (fr) 2009-11-05

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