EP2300570B1 - Dispositif et procédé de gazéification avec extraction continue de solides - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de gazéification avec extraction continue de solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2300570B1
EP2300570B1 EP09777138.0A EP09777138A EP2300570B1 EP 2300570 B1 EP2300570 B1 EP 2300570B1 EP 09777138 A EP09777138 A EP 09777138A EP 2300570 B1 EP2300570 B1 EP 2300570B1
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Prior art keywords
lock
solids
lock hopper
pressure vessel
stream
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EP09777138.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2300570A2 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Hanrott
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/52—Ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/526—Ash-removing devices for entrained flow gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1625—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with solids treatment
    • C10J2300/1628—Ash post-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/794—With means for separating solid material from the fluid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 9.
  • ash or slag In the production of synthesis gas from carbonaceous fuels are usually solids, which must be discharged from the process. These are, for example, ash or slag.
  • the DE 3144266 A1 and the EP 800569 B1 describe a process in which the ashes and slags produced in a pressurized gasification system are collected in a water bath, also called a quench zone.
  • the ash and slag particles are discharged in batches from the gasification system via a lock container located in the direction of gravity below the gasification system. For this purpose, located above and below the lock container shut-off valves to separate the lock tank fluid side of the gasification system.
  • the lock container When filling the lock container with slag, the lock container is in communication with the gasification device.
  • the EP 290087 B1 also describes a process for removing slag from a coal gasification apparatus.
  • a lock container below the pressure vessel which can be separated by valves from the pressure vessel.
  • the discharge of the slag is also discontinuous.
  • the slag is collected in a water bath, also called slag quench tank.
  • separation by valve and the accumulation of slag above the valve may cause bridging of slag directly above the valve.
  • These bridge formations cause problems in the operation when reconnecting the lock container with the pressure vessel.
  • This bridge formation is dissolved by a gas bubble within the lock container, which is acted upon by a lower pressure than in the pressure vessel.
  • the DE 28 29 629 A1 discloses a process for the periodic discharge of residues resulting from the gasification of ash-containing fuels with oxygen, granulated in a water bath connected to the gasification space and suspended in water, the residues are passed by means of a lock container in a pressureless collecting container. Water is removed from the lock container and returned to the water bath via an injector.
  • the described methods are characterized by significant disadvantages.
  • the batchwise discharge of the solids by means of a lock container requires an intermediate container or additional volume within the pressure vessel for receiving the amount of solids accumulating during the discharge.
  • the intermittent emptying of the lock container leads to a high load on the connected devices.
  • the connected devices must be designed for large, intermittently discharged solid quantities and not on the much smaller average mass flow of solids.
  • the separation of the lock container by means of valves leads to bridge formation on the valves and consequently to problems in discharging the solids after reconnecting the lock container.
  • the US Pat. No. 5,980,858 discloses a method for discharging solids from a pressure vessel, wherein leaving a pressure vessel exiting solids on a Guided sieve, which divides the solids according to their particle size. Larger particles are led into a first lock container, smaller particles are led into a second lock container.
  • the object is to find a method and a device for discharging the resulting in the gasification, especially in the coal gasification, solids, in which an intermediate container or an additional volume within the pressure vessel for receiving the amount of solids incurred during the discharge can be waived.
  • the amount of solid discharged per hour should be increased. At the same time blockages on the valves of the lock container and thus also disturbances in the operation should be avoided.
  • Synthesis gas can be produced, for example, by a coal gasification process.
  • the coal gasification reaction takes place in a pressure vessel containing the coal gasification reactor and means for supplying the starting materials and means for carrying out the synthesis gas and the resulting solids.
  • the solids are carried out in a common embodiment in the direction of gravity from the reactor, wherein the coal gasification reactor in the direction of gravity initially devices for separating the solids from the synthesis gas, for cooling and execution of the synthesis gas and a device for receiving the hot solid and ash particles are , This is typically a water bath.
  • the water bath is usually connected in the direction of gravity with two lock containers.
  • the lock containers are then followed by devices for cleaning, drying and removing the solids.
  • the two lock containers are using Shut-off devices above the lock containers alternately connected to the water bath and separated. While a lock container is in contact with the liquid of the water bath and is filled with solids, the second lock container is emptied. The settling of the solids in the lock container is assisted by discharging a liquid flow from the connected lock container. As soon as the second lock container has been emptied, it is filled with water and then reconnected to the pressure vessel. Once the first container has reached its maximum level, the liquid flow to support the solids deposition is no longer removed from the first lock container, but from the second container.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that a solid-water stream is maintained from the water to at least one lock container by a solids depleted water stream is discharged from the lock vessel connected to the pressure vessel, while the solid settles inside the lock container.
  • the water flow is drawn off by means of suitable conveying devices, for example pumps, or discharged to the outside by expansion to a lower pressure level.
  • the withdrawn liquid can also be recycled, for example, into the pressure vessel at a point above or below the water level of the water bath.
  • filtering devices can be located anywhere in the lines.
  • a second container is connected to the pressure vessel before the filled with solids container is separated from the pressure vessel.
  • the second lock container is filled with water and already connected to the pressure vessel, just before the first filled with solids container is separated from the pressure vessel.
  • the filling of the lock container in contact with the water bath takes at least until the second container can be emptied and the steps necessary therefor can be carried out.
  • To the necessary Steps include, for example, loading and unloading the lock container, cooling the lock container contents, opening and closing the shut-off devices and filling the lock container with water.
  • the method so that the distribution is controlled by a specially designed intermediate container, which has at least two different outputs, to which the lock containers connect.
  • the inlet to the outlets in the solids container can be designed conically in the interior.
  • the control of the lock container is done via intermediate valves.
  • the distribution element may be exemplified as a distributor weir. However, it may also be designed in the form of a flat bottom with drains, in the form of a half-shell ball with drains or a horizontal cylinder with drains.
  • the connecting devices are preferably designed as pipelines, but may also be designed as flange devices and in principle be of any kind.
  • the distribution element is preferably designed as a simple pipe switch, but can also be a simple pipe connection and in principle arbitrary.
  • the shut-off devices are preferably ball valves.
  • the device so that the distributor device is integrated into the water bath.
  • the water bath has at least two different exporting connection devices, which open individually into the lock container, and the exporting connection devices from the water bath are provided with shut-off devices with which the lock containers can be separated from the water bath.
  • shut-off devices with which the lock containers can be separated from the water bath.
  • the solids stream or solid suspension is divided in the water bath.
  • the water bath in the interior has conical feeds on the exporting lines.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a lock system of a coal gasification, consisting of a pressure vessel (1) with a water bath (2) for receiving in the gasification incurred slag and ash, and the lock tank A (3) and the lock tank B (4) connected to the pressure vessel via the distribution element (5).
  • the solids are removed from the water bath (2) and passed via a line (6) and the distribution element (5) to lock tank A.
  • the valve (7) above the lock container A is in this case opened and the valve (8) below the lock container A is closed.
  • the pump (9) carries a stream of water from container A and thereby supports the flow of solids in the direction of lock container A.
  • Locking container B is separated from the pressure container by closing the valve (11) above the lock container B and from the valve (12) between the lock container B and the pump (9). By opening the valve (13) below the lock container B, the solids are guided from the lock container B in the subsequent system. Subsequently, the valve (13) is closed again and the lock container B is filled with water via additional devices. Then the lock container B is connected by opening the upper valve (11) back to the pressure vessel.
  • the water flow withdrawn from the pump (9) is no longer drawn off from the lock container A but from the lock container B by the valve (15) between the lock container A and the pump (9). is closed and the valve (12) between lock container B and the pump (9) is opened.
  • the flow of solids to the lock container A is stopped and deflected in the direction of lock container B.
  • water is also injected via a line (14) in the lower socket of the container B.
  • the valve (8) can be closed above the lock container A in largely solids-free medium and the lock operation of the lock container A can be initiated. This is done by opening the arranged below the lock container valve (8).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour l'élimination de matières solides hors d'un dispositif de gazéification destiné à la production de gaz de synthèse,
    • dans lequel le dispositif de gazéification comprend un réacteur de gazéification, qui se trouve dans un réservoir sous pression, et on conduit les matières solides hors du réacteur de gazéification avec une sortie inférieure des matières solides dans un bain d'eau, qui est disposé en dessous du réacteur de gazéification et qui est installé dans le réservoir sous pression,
    • dans lequel on conduit le flux de matières solides ou la suspension de matières solides du bain d'eau (2), via un dispositif de répartition, simultanément ou l'une après l'autre, dans deux ou plusieurs cuves d'élimination (3, 4), dans lequel
    a. le dispositif de répartition est formé par un élément de répartition (5) et deux ou plusieurs dispositifs d'arrêt qui suivent (7, 11) et les cuves d'élimination (3, 4) sont raccordées directement ou indirectement par l'élément de répartition (5) au réservoir sous pression (1), ou
    b. le dispositif de répartition se compose d'un réservoir intermédiaire avec des dispositifs de raccordement sortants, et le réservoir intermédiaire est raccordé aux cuves d'élimination par ces dispositifs de raccordement, et il se trouve entre le réservoir intermédiaire et les cuves d'élimination des dispositifs d'arrêt, avec lesquels les cuves d'élimination peuvent être fluidiquement séparées de l'élément de répartition, ou
    c. le dispositif de répartition est intégré dans le bain d'eau, dans lequel le bain d'eau comporte au moins deux ou plusieurs dispositifs de raccordement sortants, qui débouchent individuellement dans les cuves d'élimination, et les dispositifs de raccordement sortants sont munis hors du bain d'eau de dispositifs d'arrêt, avec lesquels les cuves d'élimination peuvent être fluidiquement séparées du bain d'eau,
    • dans lequel on amène le flux de matières solides ou la suspension de matières solides provenant du bain d'eau (2) destiné à recueillir les matières solides produites dans le générateur de gaz dans la ou les cuve(s) d'élimination (3, 4), où elles sont ensuite portées à un niveau de pression moins élevé,
    • dans lequel on raccorde ou on sépare une première cuve d'élimination (3) et une deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) alternativement au/du bain d'eau (2) au moyen des dispositifs d'arrêt (7, 11) au-dessus des cuves d'élimination (3, 4),
    • dans lequel on vide la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) pendant que la première cuve d'élimination (3) est en contact avec le liquide du bain d'eau (2),
    caractérisé en ce que
    • on aide le dépôt des matières solides dans les cuves d'élimination (3, 4) en évacuant un courant de liquide hors de la première cuve d'élimination raccordée (3),
    • dans lequel on raccorde de nouveau la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) au réservoir sous pression (1) dès que la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) a été vidée et remplie d'eau,
    • dans lequel, dès que la première cuve d'élimination (3) a atteint son niveau de remplissage maximal, on n'évacue plus le courant de liquide destiné à aider le dépôt des matières solides hors de la première cuve d'élimination (3), mais hors de la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4), on dévie ainsi le flux de matières solides vers la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) et on sépare la première cuve d'élimination (3) du réservoir sous pression (1).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on maintient un flux de matières solides continu ou un flux de suspension de matières solides continu dans au moins une cuve d'élimination (3, 4).
  3. Procédé selon une revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on entretient le flux de matières solides-eau par l'évacuation vers l'extérieur d'un courant d'eau appauvri en matières solides hors de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4) raccordée au réservoir sous pression (1) en le détendant à un niveau de pression moins élevé, pendant que les matières solides se déposent à l'intérieur de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4) .
  4. Procédé selon une revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on entretient le flux de matières solides-eau par le fait que l'on renvoie un courant d'eau appauvri en matières solides hors de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4) raccordée au réservoir sous pression (1) vers le réservoir sous pression (1) au moyen de dispositifs de transport.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'on remplit d'eau la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) et on la raccorde au réservoir sous pression (1), avant que la première cuve d'élimination (3) remplie de matières solides soit séparée du réservoir sous pression (1).
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le remplissage de la première cuve d'élimination (3) se trouvant en contact avec le bain d'eau (2) dure au moins aussi longtemps que la vidange de la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4).
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la vidange d'une cuve d'élimination (3, 4) comprend les étapes de pressurisation et détente de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4), remplissage de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4) avec de l'eau, ouverture et fermeture des dispositifs d'arrêt (7, 11) et peut comprendre le refroidissement du contenu de la cuve d'élimination.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on introduit un courant de liquide au moyen d'une conduite dans la région inférieure de la cuve d'élimination (3, 4) raccordée au réservoir sous pression (1).
  9. Dispositif pour l'extraction de matières solides hors d'un réacteur de gazéification destiné à gazéifier des combustibles contenant du carbone, comprenant
    • un réacteur de gazéification, qui se trouve dans un réservoir sous pression (1), et
    • un bain d'eau (2), qui se trouve en dessous du réacteur de gazéification, et qui est encore installé dans le réservoir sous pression (1), et
    • un dispositif de répartition, se composant d'un élément de répartition (5) et d'au moins deux dispositifs d'arrêt (7, 11), et
    • au moins d'une première cuve d'élimination (3) et d'une deuxième cuve d'élimination (4), et
    • dans lequel le bain d'eau (2) est raccordé à l'élément de répartition (5) par des dispositifs de raccordement, et
    • les cuves d'élimination (3, 4) sont raccordées à l'élément de répartition (5) par deux dispositifs de raccordement séparés et il se trouve entre l'élément de répartition (5) et les cuves d'élimination (3, 4) des dispositifs d'arrêt (7, 11), avec lesquels les cuves d'élimination (3, 4) peuvent être fluidiquement séparées de l'élément de répartition (5),
    caractérisé par
    • une pompe (9) pour l'évacuation d'un courant d'eau hors de la première ou de la deuxième cuve d'élimination (3, 4), permettant d'aider le flux de matières solides en direction de la première ou de la deuxième cuve d'élimination (3, 4),
    • une première soupape (15) entre la première cuve d'élimination (3) et la pompe (9) et une deuxième soupape (12) entre la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4) et la pompe (9),
    • dans lequel, dès que la première cuve d'élimination (3) a atteint son niveau de remplissage maximal de matières solides accumulées, la première soupape (15) peut être fermée et la deuxième soupape (12) peut être ouverte, afin d'arrêter le flux de matières solides vers la première cuve d'élimination (3) et de le dévier en direction de la deuxième cuve d'élimination (4).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de répartition est réalisé sous la forme d'un fond plat avec des écoulements, sous la forme d'une coque hémisphérique avec des écoulements ou d'un cylindre horizontal avec des écoulements dans les cuves d'élimination et il se trouve des dispositifs d'arrêt dans les écoulements vers les cuves d'élimination.
  11. Dispositif selon une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que les dispositifs d'arrêt (7, 11) sont des soupapes à bille.
EP09777138.0A 2008-07-15 2009-07-11 Dispositif et procédé de gazéification avec extraction continue de solides Active EP2300570B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810033094 DE102008033094A1 (de) 2008-07-15 2008-07-15 Vergasungsvorrichtung mit kontinuierlichem Feststoffaustrag
PCT/EP2009/005059 WO2010006747A2 (fr) 2008-07-15 2009-07-11 Dispositif de gazéification à extraction continue de solides

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2300570A2 EP2300570A2 (fr) 2011-03-30
EP2300570B1 true EP2300570B1 (fr) 2019-09-04

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Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US8915980B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2300570B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101612029B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102099446A (fr)
AP (1) AP2011005570A0 (fr)
AU (1) AU2009270462B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2730688C (fr)
CU (1) CU20110006A7 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008033094A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2011105410A (fr)
TW (1) TWI463005B (fr)
UA (1) UA104726C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010006747A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201100339B (fr)

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JP6742746B2 (ja) 2016-02-08 2020-08-19 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 粉体供給ホッパの加圧システム、ガス化設備およびガス化複合発電設備ならびに粉体供給ホッパの加圧方法
CN113680135B (zh) * 2021-08-27 2022-09-16 四川虹科创新科技有限公司 一种窑炉放水作业回收循环利用装置

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KR101612029B1 (ko) 2016-04-12
UA104726C2 (ru) 2014-03-11
CA2730688C (fr) 2016-09-20
WO2010006747A3 (fr) 2010-07-22
KR20110033996A (ko) 2011-04-04
US8915980B2 (en) 2014-12-23
US20110168648A1 (en) 2011-07-14
EP2300570A2 (fr) 2011-03-30
AU2009270462A1 (en) 2010-01-21
ZA201100339B (en) 2011-10-26
CU20110006A7 (es) 2012-06-29
TWI463005B (zh) 2014-12-01
AP2011005570A0 (en) 2011-02-28
RU2011105410A (ru) 2012-08-20
CA2730688A1 (fr) 2010-01-21
AU2009270462B2 (en) 2014-10-09
CN102099446A (zh) 2011-06-15
WO2010006747A2 (fr) 2010-01-21
DE102008033094A1 (de) 2010-01-28
TW201005081A (en) 2010-02-01

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