EP2311100A2 - Dispositif photovoltaïque, et procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur - Google Patents

Dispositif photovoltaïque, et procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur

Info

Publication number
EP2311100A2
EP2311100A2 EP09777568A EP09777568A EP2311100A2 EP 2311100 A2 EP2311100 A2 EP 2311100A2 EP 09777568 A EP09777568 A EP 09777568A EP 09777568 A EP09777568 A EP 09777568A EP 2311100 A2 EP2311100 A2 EP 2311100A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic device
optics
concentrator
carboxylic acid
thermally
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09777568A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Nitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2311100A2 publication Critical patent/EP2311100A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/0073—Optical laminates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D11/00—Producing optical elements, e.g. lenses or prisms
    • B29D11/00009—Production of simple or compound lenses
    • B29D11/00269—Fresnel lenses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/30—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses
    • F24S23/31—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with lenses having discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/484—Refractive light-concentrating means, e.g. lenses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
    • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
    • Y10T156/1039—Surface deformation only of sandwich or lamina [e.g., embossed panels]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic device for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy, which contains a concentrator optics and at least one solar cell. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a concentrator optics, which in a corresponding photovoltaic device but also in other devices for, e.g. thermal, use of radiation can be used.
  • the focal length of the FLATCON ® system is approximately twice the edge length of the individual Fresnel lenses.
  • Silicone has the great advantage of amazing durability against solar radiation and thermal cycling. There are several years of experience here, which shows that the combination of glass (as an outer cover) and silicone as a structure-bearing layer leads to durable lens plates that are functional for a long time. The durability is based among other factors not least on the fact that the cured silicone is chemically crosslinked and thus the finished structure has very stable viscoelastic properties. Thus, in contrast to thermoplastically deformed materials, the shape will not change over a longer period of time due to flowing or relaxing, which would degrade the optical function.
  • the use of silicone as a material to be embossed has disadvantages with respect to the curing times and the elaborate manufacturing process.
  • Another advantage of a larger refractive index is that at the same focal length, the refractive structures (seen in a sectional plane each prism) become flatter. This facilitates the manufacturing both in the manufacture of a tool as well as in the replication.
  • the so-called Störflankenanteil ie the proportion of the projected loss surface by the optically inactive edge of the prisms, decreases with flattening prisms.
  • the larger refractive index can therefore lead to a higher optical efficiency. efficiency (fewer spurious components, lower reflection losses at large prism angles in the outer areas of the Fresnel lens, lower structural errors due to flatter structures) and possibly lead to a more cost-effective production.
  • mi 'f' is a photovoltaic J / ofrichtüng provide ei ⁇ ner concentrator to be produced in a simple and inexpensive manner.
  • a method for producing a concentrator optics in which at least one of a thermally at least partially crosslinking or crosslinkable polymer material existing laminating film is applied to at least one surface of a substrate. Subsequently, the laminating film is heated to at least its softening temperature by thermal excitation, in which case a focusing structure is embossed into the laminating film by means of a negative mold. By cooling, finally, curing takes place by at least partial crosslinking of the polymer material and thus to the formation of the stable focusing structure.
  • the method according to the invention has opposite to the radiation radiation known from microreplication.
  • induced crosslinking processes ie UV replication
  • Etylene vinyl acetate, and / or ionomers are preferably used as thermally crosslinking or crosslinkable polymer material.
  • Etylenevinylacetate is a thermally initiated chemical-based crosslinking that is irreversible, while the ionomers are a physical-based thermal crosslinking that is reversible.
  • the thermally crosslinking ionomers are preferably selected from the group consisting of ionomeric (co) polymers of ethylene and an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or a carboxylic anhydride of this carboxylic acid, in particular (co) polymers of ethylene and methacrylic acid.
  • the ionomer contains carboxylic acid groups which are at least partially neutralized with metal ions selected from the group of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc.
  • the materials according to the invention have the advantage that processing by lamination is possible. They have the advantages of good and rapid processability, reasonable material costs, high transparency for solar radiation, good resistance to solar radiation, high dimensional stability and good adhesion to glass or other substrates.
  • the processing takes place in so-called laminators, in which an exact sequence of temperature and pressure / vacuum is applied in optimized process times.
  • An advantageous and preferred embodiment of the preparation according to the invention is therefore to produce the concentrating structures in commercial laminators in rapid processes that need only be easily adapted to the changed requirements.
  • the focusing structure is formed in the form of a lens plate with at least one Fresnel lens or in the form of a linearly focusing lens plate.
  • the substrate is made of a transparent material, in particular of glass or a transparent polymer.
  • the negative mold is often metallic in microreplication.
  • the negative mold itself consists of a material not adhering to the laminating film, e.g. a fluoropolymer or a silicone. Although such molds have a lower strength and durability against metal, can u.U. but also easier to make.
  • a photovoltaic device for the direct conversion of solar energy into electrical energy which has a concentrator optics and at least one solar cell spaced apart from the concentrator optics.
  • the concentrator optics has a substrate and a focusing structure, arranged on the surface of the substrate remote from the sunlight, of at least one thermally crosslinked or partially crosslinked polymer.
  • the focusing structure has a refractive index in the range of 1.45 to 1.60.
  • the focusing structure preferably contains ethylene vinyl acetate and ionomers.
  • the thermally crosslinked or partially crosslinked ionomers are preferably selected from the group consisting of ionomeric (co) polymers of ethylene and an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acid or a carboxylic anhydride of this carboxylic acid, in particular (co) polymers of ethylene and methacrylic acid.
  • the ionomer contains carboxylic acid groups which are at least partially neutralized with metal ions selected from the group of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc.
  • the focusing structure is preferably formed in the form of a lens plate with at least one Fresnel lens or in the form of a linearly focusing lens plate. This also includes plates on which more than one lens or more than one point-focusing region are arranged next to one another or a plurality of linearly focusing structures and structure regions oriented parallel or otherwise to one another.
  • the distance between the concentrator optics and the at least one solar cell substantially corresponds to the focal length of the concentrator optics.
  • the concentrator optics ie the Fresnel lens or the linearly focusing lens plate, thus specifies the distance between the concentrator optics and the solar cells via the focal length.
  • aspect ratios [focal length] / [typical extension of the lens], where the typical extent is, for example, the edge length of a square Fresnel lens or the width of a linear lens structure) are in the range of 0.25-5, in the case of Fresnel lenses with prisms or structures which deflect the light by means of total internal reflection (so-called TIR lenses), smaller aspect ratios in the range of 0.25-2 are preferred ,
  • the secondary optics can form the receiver of the concentrator optics according to the invention.
  • the concentrator optics according to the invention is mounted approximately at a distance above the entrance aperture of the secondary optics, which corresponds approximately to the focal length of the concentrator optics according to the invention.
  • the substrate is preferably made of a transparent material, in particular of glass or a transparent polymer. Because of the high transparency, low material costs and good weathering stability is preferred as the polymer PMMA.
  • the transparency of the substrate is desirable because the concentrator optics should concentrate the incident solar radiation as much as possible on the receiver.
  • the substrates used should therefore have the highest possible transparency (ie the highest possible degree of transmission) over the largest possible part of the entire spectral range of the solar radiation, ie the wavelength range 280 nm-4000 nm, preferably of the wavelength range 300 nm-2500 nm.
  • the substrate in the aforementioned At least in some areas, the transmittance range is at least 50%. This takes into account that polymer materials in the wavelength ranges mentioned can have absorption bands which allow only a lower transmission.
  • the photovoltaic device preferably has a concentrator optics, which can be produced by the method described above.
  • the photovoltaic device has the advantage over the prior art that the focusing structure consists of a material with a higher refractive index, whereby shorter focal lengths of the focusing optics can be made possible.
  • thermally at least partially crosslinked polymer materials used according to the invention have good compatibility with the substrate, e.g. Glass, and even under solar irradiation and thermal cycling show a high long-term stability and good adhesion properties.
  • the invention likewise provides the use of the previously described method for producing concentrator photovoltaic concentrator optics and concentrating solar thermal energy.
  • a glass plate used as a substrate on which the focusing structure is to be applied is placed in a PV flat-module laminator.
  • a laminating film of ethylene vinylacetate (EVA, for example Vistasolar almost your from Etimat) is placed flat on the glass plate.
  • EVA ethylene vinylacetate
  • the negative mold consists of a support structure made of glass, with a silicone sheath.
  • the negative mold is laterally sealed or suitably padded. This form replaces the otherwise in a PV flat module production in the top laminator composite (cell, again laminating film, backsheet). Then the laminator is closed and the actual lamination process started.
  • the lamination conditions specified for the material are selected, which are based on a precisely defined time sequence of the application of pressure / vacuum and temperature.
  • the laminating films used according to the invention are optimized for the fastest possible lamination and crosslinking process.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un dispositif photovoltaïque pour la conversion directe de l'énergie solaire en énergie électrique, qui contient une optique de concentrateur, ainsi qu'au moins une cellule solaire. L'invention porte en outre sur un procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur, qui peut être utilisée, dans un dispositif photovoltaïque correspondant, mais aussi dans d'autres équipements, pour l'utilisation d'un rayonnement, par exemple thermique.
EP09777568A 2008-07-30 2009-07-30 Dispositif photovoltaïque, et procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur Withdrawn EP2311100A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008035576A DE102008035576A1 (de) 2008-07-30 2008-07-30 Photovoltaik-Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Konzentratoroptik
PCT/EP2009/005549 WO2010012479A2 (fr) 2008-07-30 2009-07-30 Dispositif photovoltaïque, et procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2311100A2 true EP2311100A2 (fr) 2011-04-20

Family

ID=41461500

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09777568A Withdrawn EP2311100A2 (fr) 2008-07-30 2009-07-30 Dispositif photovoltaïque, et procédé de fabrication d'une optique de concentrateur

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8969716B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2311100A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008035576A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010012479A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103972324B (zh) * 2013-02-01 2016-08-17 上海交通大学 基于纳米压印的硅薄膜太阳电池表面陷光结构制备方法
CN108198911A (zh) * 2018-02-16 2018-06-22 西安中科麦特电子技术设备有限公司 基于机器人辅助的聚光光伏组件压合系统
GB201911080D0 (en) 2019-08-02 2019-09-18 Heliac Aps Safety lens

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US4664966A (en) * 1985-11-18 1987-05-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Enclosed-lens retroreflective sheeting having tough, weather-resistant, transparent cover film
US5228926A (en) * 1990-09-20 1993-07-20 United Solar Systems Corporation Photovoltaic device with increased light absorption and method for its manufacture
DE4130092A1 (de) 1991-03-28 1992-10-01 Nipox K K Fresnel'sche linse
US5505789A (en) * 1993-04-19 1996-04-09 Entech, Inc. Line-focus photovoltaic module using solid optical secondaries for improved radiation resistance
CA2159797A1 (fr) * 1994-10-28 1996-04-29 John H. Ko Bloc compliant et ruban adhesif de montage de lentilles
DE10001135A1 (de) 2000-01-13 2001-07-19 Inst Neue Mat Gemein Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mikrostrukturierten Oberflächenreliefs durch Prägen thixotroper Schichten
US6733872B2 (en) * 2001-03-01 2004-05-11 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Laminated glass
JP4124991B2 (ja) 2001-10-23 2008-07-23 Ｄｉｃ株式会社 フレネルレンズ用活性エネルギー線硬化型樹脂組成物及びフレネルレンズシート
AU2003282956A1 (en) * 2002-10-22 2004-05-13 Sunray Technologies, Inc. Diffractive structures for the redirection and concentration of optical radiation
KZ21493B (en) 2004-11-01 2009-07-15 The photovoltaic module (variants)
JP2006134969A (ja) * 2004-11-02 2006-05-25 Mitsui Chemical Fabro Inc 太陽電池封止用シート
DE102005017170B4 (de) 2005-04-13 2010-07-01 Ovd Kinegram Ag Transferfolie, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung sowie Mehrschichtkörper und dessen Verwendung
DE102005033272A1 (de) 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Solartec Ag Konzentrator-Photovoltaik-Einrichtung, daraus gebildetes PV-Konzentratormodul sowie Herstellverfahren hierfür

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010012479A2 (fr) 2010-02-04
DE102008035576A1 (de) 2010-02-04
WO2010012479A3 (fr) 2010-10-07
US20110180143A1 (en) 2011-07-28
US8969716B2 (en) 2015-03-03

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