EP2327805B1 - Procédé destinés à fabriquer une pièce usinée en tôle dotée d'un revêtement de protection contre la corrosion - Google Patents

Procédé destinés à fabriquer une pièce usinée en tôle dotée d'un revêtement de protection contre la corrosion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2327805B1
EP2327805B1 EP10180536.4A EP10180536A EP2327805B1 EP 2327805 B1 EP2327805 B1 EP 2327805B1 EP 10180536 A EP10180536 A EP 10180536A EP 2327805 B1 EP2327805 B1 EP 2327805B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet metal
coating
formed part
metal formed
corrosion
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Application number
EP10180536.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2327805A1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Dr.Gaßner
Bernd Dr.Kupetz
Andreas Kapfer
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment 
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a sheet metal molding provided with a corrosion protection coating and formed from a high-strength sheet steel material.
  • the invention further relates to a sheet metal part produced herewith.
  • sheet metal parts are increasingly used from a high-strength sheet steel material to meet lightweight criteria and / or increasing safety requirements.
  • the provision of such sheet metal parts with a stress-resistant corrosion protection coating has been the subject of numerous developments for quite some time.
  • the DE 10 2005 055 374 A1 describes a thermoformed and press-hardened structural and / or safety component made of high-strength steel with an anti-corrosive coating consisting of a zinc / iron alloy produced in a solid-diffusion process.
  • the thermoformed and hardened structural and / or safety component is fixed in a heat chamber and dusted at less than 320 ° C from all sides with a Sheradisierpulver.
  • the state of the art is in particular also the introductory part of DE 10 2005 055 374 A1 directed.
  • the EP 0 419 678 A1 describes inter alia a method for producing a multi-layer coated steel sheet.
  • the first layer consists of zinc or a zinc alloy and is, for example, applied electrolytically.
  • another layer of iron or iron alloy is galvanically applied.
  • the thus coated multi-layer steel sheet is subjected to a heat treatment between 100 ° C and 400 ° C to drive out the introduced during application of the outer iron layer hydrogen and to obtain a defect-free and good paintable surface.
  • the US 7,514,153 B1 describes methods for applying zinc-containing corrosion protection to a steel workpiece.
  • the first method (according to Fig. 1 ) essentially provides that the bare steel workpiece is first subjected to stress relief annealing. The hydrogen contained in the steel workpiece or its steel material is expelled during this heat treatment. The oxide layer formed during this heat treatment is subsequently removed again before a hydrogen barrier is applied. On this hydrogen barrier is now galvanically or electrolytically applied a zinc-containing coating. Following this, another stress relief annealing is performed.
  • a second alternative method (according to Fig. 2 ) agrees with the first method in the essential steps.
  • the WO 84/01461 A1 describes a method for producing a component from a high-strength steel material, which is provided in a galvanic coating process, for example. With a zinc-containing corrosion protection coating with special microstructural properties and then heat treated.
  • the prior art is also referred to the EP 2 088 223 A1 , which describes a phosphated steel sheet and method for producing such a sheet, the EP 0 360 781 A2 , which describes a method for one- or two-sided galvanizing of stainless steel, and the DE 100 21 948 A1 , which describes a method and a system for galvanizing a steel strip.
  • a sheet metal part produced by means of the method according to the invention is formed from a high-strength steel sheet material.
  • a higher-strength steel sheet material is understood to mean a sheet material made of a steel material, whose tensile strength is at least 800 MPa, preferably at least 900 MPa, more preferably at least 1000 MPa and in particular at least 1100 MPa.
  • the term "high-strength steel sheet material” thus also includes high-strength and ultra-high-strength steel sheet materials. However, it is not absolutely necessary that the starting sheet material already has higher-strength properties.
  • these can also be formed or acquired in the course of the method according to the invention, for example by a hardening process and in particular press hardening process, as explained in more detail below.
  • it is a thin sheet with a sheet thickness of ⁇ 3.0 mm, preferably of ⁇ 2.0 mm, more preferably of ⁇ 1.5 mm and in particular of ⁇ 1.0 mm.
  • the produced sheet metal part is in particular a component for a motor vehicle.
  • the forming is preferably carried out in a deep-drawing process or a process comparable thereto.
  • the sheet metal part may also be a further processed semi-finished, such. B. a profile part or the like.
  • An electrolytic or galvanic coating is understood to be the electrochemical deposition of metallic precipitates or coatings on the sheet metal part in question.
  • the applied coating or corrosion protection coating can be single-layered or multi-layered.
  • the coating is at least partially applied to the sheet metal part. It is preferably provided that the coating is applied over the entire surface and in particular to both sheet metal sides and peripheral edges (cut edges, visible edges) of the sheet metal part.
  • the heat treatment or the heat treatment takes place subsequently and in particular immediately after the electrolytic coating.
  • the heat treatment serves primarily to drive off the hydrogen contained in the starting sheet material, but in particular the hydrogen introduced during the electrolytic coating.
  • Hydrogen is generally considered a steel pest because it causes embrittlement of the steel sheet material, the so-called hydrogen embrittlement.
  • the heat treatment leads to ensure that the hydrogen atoms embedded in the structure of the sheet steel material are expelled by effusion. Thus, the hydrogen embrittlement of the steel sheet material can be counteracted.
  • safety-relevant sheet-metal molded parts made from a high-strength sheet steel material have not been electrolytically galvanized.
  • the heat treatment also serves to reward the steel sheet material in an advantageous manner, so that an improvement in microstructure occurs and this achieves high strength combined with high toughness properties.
  • z. B. improve on a safety-related component whose crash properties.
  • the inventive method may include further, not explained in detail here steps and intermediate steps, such as. As the cleaning and / or trimming the sheet metal parts before and / or after forming.
  • a significant advantage of the invention is the fact that the forming can be done with a bare steel sheet material, whereby the forming process can be easily designed. Since the application of the anticorrosive coating follows the forming, any damage resulting from the deformation of the anticorrosive coating also remains. Furthermore, during coating, any cutting edges on the sheet metal material can also be covered. U. a. because of a uniformly applied and the visible edges with enclosing corrosion protection coating, the sheet metal part produced is also visually pleasing and thus can be used in the field of vision.
  • the starting sheet material is a high-strength steel sheet material.
  • the starting sheet material already has higher-strength properties and these are not, at least not to a considerable extent, formed in the course of the inventive method.
  • Higher strength sheet steel materials are z.
  • multi-phase steels in particular CP steels, dual-phase steels and TRIP steels, and martensite steels.
  • a zinc-containing and in particular a zinc-formed corrosion protection coating is applied to the sheet metal part.
  • the layer thickness of the electrolytically applied corrosion protection coating is less than or equal to 15 microns.
  • the layer thickness is in particular approximately 7.5 ⁇ m. This also serves, in particular, to maintain the weldability of the steel sheet material, despite the applied corrosion protection coating, in which a significant advantage over hot dip galvanizing can be seen, in which the layer thicknesses formed can be up to 300 ⁇ m.
  • An advantage of the electrolytic coating is also to be seen in the fact that the layer thickness of the anticorrosive coating is adjustable and very homogeneously applicable.
  • the temperature during the heat treatment is between 180 ° C and 200 ° C.
  • the temperature should not exceed 220 ° C to prevent damage to this coating.
  • the duration of the heat treatment can be up to several hours.
  • the duration is z. B. up to 1 h, preferably up to 2 h, more preferably up to 5 h, in particular up to 10 h and particularly preferably up to 50 h.
  • the heat treatment takes place in a protective gas atmosphere or in a vacuum in order to avoid damage and, in particular, oxidation of the electrolytically applied coating or anticorrosion protective coating.
  • a protective gas atmosphere may, for. As nitrogen and / or argon, which may also be a protective gas mixture.
  • the forming is a hot forming.
  • the steel sheet material is heated to a temperature of about 900 ° C before forming.
  • the starting sheet material is a hot forming suitable steel sheet material.
  • the sheet metal part is hardened.
  • the starting sheet material is a hardenable steel sheet material.
  • the strength of the steel sheet material is increased, so that this has high-strength properties at least after curing.
  • Hardening preferably takes place in combination with the above-described hot forming (hot working hardening).
  • the forming includes a press hardening.
  • the starting sheet material is a press-hardenable steel sheet material, such as. A 16MnB5, a 19MnB5 or a 22MnB5.
  • press-hardening two approaches are currently possible: according to the first approach, a heated blank of the starting material is placed in the forming tool, formed therein, and simultaneously or subsequently press-cooled under pressure.
  • an intermediate sheet metal part is first produced by forming (preforming) from the board, which is then heated and placed in the press hardening tool, where the press hardening takes place with only a slight change in shape.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention using press hardening is the fact that a bare starting sheet material is usable and that the subsequently electrolytically applied and zinc-containing corrosion protection coating has a high to very high degree of purity, with advantages for corrosion protection and paintability.
  • Such a sheet metal part is also visually pleasing and thus, in particular on a motor vehicle, can also be used in the field of vision.
  • a production plant for carrying out the process according to the invention comprises at least one electrolytic coating installation, such as, for example, an electrolytic immersion bath, and at least one heat treatment furnace.
  • a heat treatment furnace is z.
  • B. a conventional heat treatment furnace (chamber furnace) or even a continuous furnace.
  • Such a continuous furnace preferably comprises an inlet and an outlet lock area and a intermediate transfer section.
  • different temperature zones can be kept ready for the heat treatment in such a continuous furnace.
  • a heat transfer furnace allows a high number of pieces.
  • the solution of the problem also extends to a hot-formed, preferably also subsequently hardened, and in particular press-hardened sheet-metal shaped part with an electrolytically applied, zinc-containing and in particular substantially zinc-formed corrosion protection coating.
  • This sheet metal part is in particular a structural and / or a safety component for a motor vehicle, such a structural and / or safety component, for example, a door impact beam, an A or B pillar, a longitudinal or transverse beam, a Bumper reinforcement or the like.
  • a structural and / or safety component for example, a door impact beam, an A or B pillar, a longitudinal or transverse beam, a Bumper reinforcement or the like.
  • electrolytic galvanizing offers numerous advantages, as explained above.
  • the sheet metal part according to the invention is produced by the process according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows a press-hardened sheet metal part P with an electrolytically applied corrosion protection coating C, wherein the anticorrosive coating C Zinhaltig and in particular is formed substantially of zinc.
  • the sheet metal part P is an example of a reinforcing part for a side skirts of a motor vehicle. The following will be related to the Fig. 2 an inventive method for producing such a sheet metal part P explained.
  • step I begins in step I with the provision of a starting sheet material which is a sheet steel material suitable for press hardening.
  • the starting sheet material may, for. B. be provided as a coil or in the form of individual boards.
  • step II a board blank is produced from the planar starting sheet material, wherein the cutting geometry is ideally chosen so that subsequently no further cutting operations are required.
  • step III the board blank is heated, which ideally takes place in a continuous furnace.
  • This heating can optionally be carried out in step IIIa, a preforming of the board blank to an intermediate sheet metal part, this intermediate sheet metal part can have approximately the final geometry of the produced sheet metal part P.
  • press hardening is performed in a press hardening tool in step IV to obtain a press-hardened shaped sheet metal part.
  • the press-hardened sheet metal part is cleaned in step V to remove contaminants such as, in particular, fire debris and oxide layers.
  • the press-hardened and metallically bright sheet metal part is coated in step VI in an electrolyte solution and in particular in an immersion bath over the entire surface with the zinc-containing corrosion protection coating C. It can be provided that the press-hardened sheet metal part passes through several electrolytic baths (immersion baths).
  • the press-hardened and now provided with the zinc-containing corrosion protection coating C sheet metal part is heat-treated in step VII.
  • the heat treatment serves primarily to drive off the hydrogen introduced into the steel sheet material during the electrolytic coating (step VI) in order to counteract hydrogen embrittlement, as explained in detail above.
  • the heat treatment can also be carried out a remuneration of the steel sheet material.
  • the sheet metal part P is substantially verbaufertig. Due to the full surface applied Corrosion protection coating C can no longer store hydrogen in the sheet steel material at a later time.
  • the exemplified method may include further steps not explained here and intermediate steps, such. B. trimming operations after forming, intermediate cleaning measures, oiling measures, etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Procédé d'obtention d'une pièce moulée en tôle (P) équipée d'un revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) et réalisée en un matériau de tôle d'acier de grande résistance comprenant les étapes suivantes, consistant à :
    - mettre thermiquement en forme un matériau en tôle de départ fourni pour obtenir une pièce moulée en tôle,
    - revêtir par voie électrolytique la pièce moulée en tôle pour former un revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) refermant du zinc, l'épaisseur de la couche de revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) appliquée, étant inférieure ou égale à 15 µm et,
    - traiter ensuite thermiquement la pièce moulée en tôle, revêtue à une température comprise entre 180°C et 200°C et pendant une durée allant jusqu'à 50 heures pour expulser du matériau en tôle d'acier l'hydrogène introduit lors du revêtement par voie électrolytique.
  2. Procédé conforme à la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    après la mise en forme et avant le traitement électrolytique, on effectue un durcissement par trempe de la pièce usinée en tôle.
  3. Procédé d'obtention d'une pièce moulée en tôle (P), équipée d'une couche de protection anticorrosion (C) et réalisée en un matériau de tôle d'acier, de grande résistance comprenant les étapes suivantes, consistant à :
    - mettre en forme un matériau en tôle de départ, fourni pour obtenir une pièce moulée en tôle, cette mise en forme comprenant une trempe sous presse,
    - revêtir par voie électrolytique de la pièce moulée en tôle, pour former un revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) renfermant du zinc, l'épaisseur de la couche du revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) appliquée étant supérieure ou égale à 15 µm, et
    - traiter ensuite thermiquement la pièce moulée en tôle, revêtue à une température comprise entre 180°C et 200°C pendant une durée allant jusqu'à 50 heures pour expulser du matériau en tôle d'acier, l'hydrogène introduit lors du revêtement par voie électrolytique.
  4. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    la durée du traitement thermique peut aller jusqu'à 1 heure, de préférence jusqu'à 2 heures, de façon particulièrement préférentielle jusqu'à 5 heures, et en particulier jusqu'à 10 heures.
  5. Procédé conforme à l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    le traitement thermique est effectué sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur ou sous vide.
  6. Pièce moulée en tôle (P) en un matériau en tôle d'acier de grande résistance comprenant un revêtement de protection anticorrosion (C) renfermant du zinc, appliqué par voie électrolytique qui a été obtenu par la mise en oeuvre du procédé conforme aux revendications précédentes.
  7. Pièce moulée en tôle (P) conforme à la revendication 6,
    caractérisée en ce qu'
    elle est constituée par un élément de structure et/ou de sécurité d'un véhicule automobile.
EP10180536.4A 2009-11-14 2010-09-28 Procédé destinés à fabriquer une pièce usinée en tôle dotée d'un revêtement de protection contre la corrosion Active EP2327805B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910053368 DE102009053368A1 (de) 2009-11-14 2009-11-14 Verfahren und Fertigungsanlage zum Herstellen eines Blechformteils mit einer Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2327805A1 EP2327805A1 (fr) 2011-06-01
EP2327805B1 true EP2327805B1 (fr) 2016-04-13

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DE (1) DE102009053368A1 (fr)

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DE102010030465B4 (de) 2010-06-24 2023-12-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Blechformteils aus einem höherfesten Stahlblechmaterial mit einer elektrolytisch aufgebrachten Zink-Nickel-Beschichtung
DE102012208494A1 (de) 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bauteilverbunds
DE102012210693A1 (de) * 2012-06-25 2014-04-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines bereichsweise unterschiedlich gehärteten Blechformteils
DE102012215512A1 (de) 2012-08-31 2014-05-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Fertigungsanlage zum Herstellen eines warmumgeformten oder pressgehärteten Blechformteils mit einer metallischen Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung sowie hiermit hergestelltes Blechformteil und Fahrzeugkarosserie mit solchem Blechformteil
DE102013010025A1 (de) * 2013-06-17 2014-12-18 Muhr Und Bender Kg Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Erzeugnisses aus flexibel gewalztem Bandmaterial
DE102013010024B4 (de) 2013-06-17 2018-03-22 Muhr Und Bender Kg Strukturbauteil für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Strukturbauteils
DE102014210008A1 (de) * 2014-05-26 2015-11-26 Muhr Und Bender Kg Verfahren und Anlage zum Herstellen eines gehärteten Formteils
DE102015209660B4 (de) 2015-05-27 2018-01-04 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Blechumformteils

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DE102009053368A1 (de) 2011-05-19
EP2327805A1 (fr) 2011-06-01

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