EP2356397B1 - Verfahren zum simulieren von schiessen und zum implementieren dieses verfahrens geeigneter schiesssimulator - Google Patents

Verfahren zum simulieren von schiessen und zum implementieren dieses verfahrens geeigneter schiesssimulator Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2356397B1
EP2356397B1 EP09795475.4A EP09795475A EP2356397B1 EP 2356397 B1 EP2356397 B1 EP 2356397B1 EP 09795475 A EP09795475 A EP 09795475A EP 2356397 B1 EP2356397 B1 EP 2356397B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
duration
shot
impact
type
symbol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09795475.4A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2356397A1 (de
Inventor
Jérôme CÔTE-COLISSON
Pascal Viroux
Michel Fichoux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GDI SIMULATION
Original Assignee
GDI SIMULATION
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GDI SIMULATION filed Critical GDI SIMULATION
Publication of EP2356397A1 publication Critical patent/EP2356397A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2356397B1 publication Critical patent/EP2356397B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2683—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with reflection of the beam on the target back to the weapon
    • F41G3/2688—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with reflection of the beam on the target back to the weapon using target range measurement, e.g. with a laser rangefinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/265—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with means for selecting or varying the shape or the direction of the emitted beam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2655—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile in which the light beam is sent from the weapon to the target
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41G—WEAPON SIGHTS; AIMING
    • F41G3/00—Aiming or laying means
    • F41G3/26—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
    • F41G3/2616—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device
    • F41G3/2622—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile
    • F41G3/2666—Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying using a light emitting device for simulating the firing of a gun or the trajectory of a projectile with means for selecting or varying PRF or time coding of the emitted beam

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for simulating firing with a simulation weapon towards a target, during a simulation of combat training.
  • the present invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application in the field of simulation for the technical and tactical training of crews in the context of field exercises in regiment or combat training center.
  • the invention also relates to a shot simulator comprising means capable of implementing the simulation method of the invention.
  • the actors of the exercise are also provided with a target device intended to equip them with a target function allowing them to play a role of target, during the simulation of the training.
  • the firing simulator types are used.
  • One of the firing simulator types is a bidirectional simulator. It comprises an optical unit equipped with a non-dangerous low power laser transceiver secured to the combat weapon and its aiming system.
  • This type of firing simulator is associated with a bidirectional target device fitted to certain combat actors.
  • This target device comprises a computer provided with an interface for programming the target, a beacon equipped with an optical detection device for receiving the laser shot from the firing simulator, and an optical retroreflector device. reflecting the laser shot at the receiver of the optical block of the firing simulator. An alarm is triggered when the detector has received a laser shot.
  • the bidirectional laser simulator equips for example missiles or weapons carried by tanks or helicopters.
  • the other type of firing simulator is a unidirectional simulator. It includes an optical unit equipped with a non-dangerous low-power laser transmitter attached to the combat weapon and its aiming system.
  • This type of firing simulator is associated with a unidirectional target device fitted to other combat actors such as infantrymen.
  • This target device comprises a computer provided with an interface for programming the target, a beacon equipped with an optical detection device for receiving the laser shot from the firing simulator and an alarm triggered when the detector has received a shot. laser.
  • the unidirectional laser simulator equips individual portable weapons worn by soldiers such as infantrymen or commandos.
  • a bidirectional firing simulator carried by a laser-emitting gun simulating the firing of an explosive ordnance will not be detected by any infantryman equipped with the unidirectional target device, located in the explosive area of the ammunition.
  • the purpose of the invention is precisely to make the result of the combat training simulation virtually coincide with the result of a real combat by overcoming the disadvantages of the techniques described above.
  • the invention uses a firing simulator capable of successively emitting laser radiation simulating a shot according to the unidirectional and bidirectional communication protocol or vice versa. This emission is made according to the type of weapon to simulate.
  • the invention thus allows all combat actors located in an impact zone of the simulated shot to detect it and to suffer or not the effects.
  • the invention relates to a shot simulation method, as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the impact perimeter is determined before the firing of the first type is performed.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the firing of the first type is bidirectional.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the firing of the second type is unidirectional.
  • each word is formed of fourteen symbols framed by a start symbol and a stop symbol.
  • each symbolic word of data is formed of eight symbols flanked by a separation bit.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the inter symbol duration is more than 1000 times greater than the short duration.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the inter-symbol duration is about 128 ⁇ s and the duration of a symbol is at least 50 ns.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the position of the additional symbols is about 320 ⁇ s, or about 448 ⁇ s or about 576 ⁇ s of the second stop symbol of the second word.
  • the invention is also characterized in that the symbol is a laser pulse.
  • the subject of the invention is also a simulator comprising means capable of implementing the simulation method of the invention.
  • the Figures 1a, 1b and 1c show a representation of a combat simulation of several combat actors on a training ground.
  • the actors in combat are composed of a tank 10, a helicopter 11 and three actors 12, 13 and 14 pedestrians such as infantrymen. All these combat actors are equipped with a simulator of firing a combat weapon as shown in figure 2 and a target device (not shown).
  • the shooter in the example of figure 1a , is the tank 10 armed with a gun 15 whose aiming system is associated with the simulator 20 of firing a shell 16.
  • the aiming system of the gun 15 is associated with the axis of a laser rangefinder 21 of the simulator 20 and is pointed towards a target materialized by the pedestrian combat actor 13 located at a horizontal distance from the tank 10.
  • the laser rangefinder 21 of the firing simulator 20 comprises a laser emitter 22, for example a laser diode, for producing low power laser pulses in the form of a light beam with a repetition frequency of a few kHz.
  • the laser rangefinder 21 also includes a laser receiver 23, such as a light-sensitive diode.
  • the firing simulator comprises a device 24 for scanning a laser beam emitted by the transmitter 22.
  • the firing simulator 20 is coupled to a control circuit 30 capable of triggering the emission of the laser beam by the transmitter 22, the activation of the scanning device 24 and the processing of the signals received by the receiver 23.
  • the firing simulator has a graphical human machine interface.
  • This interface includes various descriptive titles whose provision guides the user in entering programming information of the firing function of the firing simulator.
  • This interface 25 allows the user to configure and control the simulator 20 of tank fire 10.
  • the control circuit 30 comprises a microprocessor 31, a memory 32 of shot simulation program and a memory 33 of data interconnected by an internal bus 34.
  • actions are attributed to devices or programs, that is to say that these actions are executed by a microprocessor of this apparatus or of the apparatus comprising the program, said microprocessor then being controlled by instruction codes stored in a memory of the device.
  • instruction codes make it possible to implement the means of the apparatus and thus to carry out the action undertaken.
  • the firing program memory 32 is divided into several zones, each zone corresponding to a function or mode of operation of the program of the firing simulator.
  • a zone 35 includes instruction codes for processing the information entered on the interface 25 and activating the firing function of the firing simulator as a result of user validation of that input.
  • a zone 36 includes instruction codes for simulating a trajectory T of a ballistic behavior of the simulated munition, which is here the shell 16, depending on the type of ammunition.
  • a zone 37 includes instruction codes for activating the scanning device 24, when transmitting a firing of a first type comprising a verification message sent by the transmitter 22.
  • a zone 38 comprises instruction codes to determine an impact location and a ballistic duration based on the data received in response to the verification message.
  • a zone 39 includes instruction codes for determining an impact perimeter around the impact location depending on the type of munition to be simulated.
  • An area 40 includes instruction codes for determining a combination of laser shot transmissions according to a unidirectional communication protocol, as shown in FIGS. figures 4 and 5 , and a two-way communication protocol, as shown in Figures 6-8 . The sequence combination of laser shot transmissions is determined based on the data received in response to the verification message.
  • a zone 41 includes instruction codes to detach the axis of sight of the weapon to scan the perimeter of impact.
  • An area 42 includes instruction codes to determine the number of laser fire emissions based on the type of ammunition.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the parameters of the shot in order to simulate in time a ballistic behavior of the shell 16.
  • the parameters of the shot can be in particular the temperature of the powder, the aerological conditions, the winds, the movements of the shooter at the moment of firing and during the simulation of the trajectory T of the projectile 16 etc.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the imaginary trajectory T representative of the trajectory of the simulated shell 16.
  • This trajectory T is developed in real time from, in particular, the gun pointing parameters and the ballistic behavior of the simulated shell 16.
  • the fictitious trajectory T of the simulated shell 16 is known at each instant (ti) by tables or by calculation. The simulated trajectory T thus allows the control circuit 30 to create a relationship between a distance traveled by the munition and the time ti.
  • the circuit 30 simultaneously controls the emission of a firing of a first type simulating the shell 16 and the activation of the scanning device 44.
  • the firing of the first type comprises at this moment a bi-directional target device presence verification message on the trajectory T.
  • the activation of the scanning device 44 makes it possible to carry out a displacement of the emitted laser beam along the trajectory T so as to explore a certain field to observe the area where the pedestrian actor is. This scan represents a simulation in time of the laser shot to represent the ballistic behavior of the simulated shell 16.
  • the displacement of the laser beam along the path T made by the scanning device 44 is preferably a scanning in two dimensions, namely a scan along a horizontal axis or "bearing” and a scan along a vertical axis or "site".
  • the control circuit 30 deactivates the scanning device 24.
  • the bidirectional target device equipping the helicopter 11, located in the scanning field, detects the presence verification laser beam.
  • a reflector of this bidirectional target device re-emits the received laser beam to the simulator 20.
  • the control circuit 30 measures the time offset corresponding to the distance away from the helicopter 11 of the shooter 10. The measurement of this time shift makes it possible to determine a place of impact 17 of the simulated shell 16. This time difference corresponds to the ballistic duration.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the characteristics of the projectile to be simulated, here the shell 16. These characteristics allow the circuit 30 to define dimensions of an impact perimeter 18 surrounding the impact location 17. Characteristics may include a scatter zone of the impact points, the target altitude and a blast effect corresponding to a blast wave created by the detonation of the shell. This zone of dispersion of the points of impact can be generated by a cluster bomb or a cluster bomb.
  • the impact perimeter corresponds to the place of impact aligned with the axis of aim of the weapon to be simulated before firing. laser.
  • the circuit 30 controls the emission of the firing of the first type, this time comprising a firing message towards the helicopter 11.
  • This firing message is issued according to a communication protocol. bidirectional illustrated by the Figures 6-8 .
  • the circuit 30 controls the emission of shots of the second type. For each transmission, the circuit 30 controls the misalignment of the axis of sight of the gun to cover the entire perimeter 18 of impact.
  • the firing of the second type is issued according to a one-way communication protocol illustrated by the figures 4 and 5 .
  • This shot of the second type is reiterated during a period of neutralization of additional targets. This duration of neutralization corresponds to the time necessary for the simulator to scan the perimeter of impact.
  • the misalignment of the gun is done according to a previously defined distribution of the points of impact.
  • the helicopter not only will the helicopter be declared as touched but also all the other actors, such as the actor 12, located in the impact environment of the fired projectile.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to match the result of the simulation in combat training to reality.
  • the actors in combat are composed of the shooter tank, a second tank 9, the pedestrian actor 13 considered as the intended target and two other actors 12 and 14 pedestrians such as infantrymen.
  • a reflector of this bidirectional target device re-emits the received laser beam to the simulator 20.
  • the control circuit 30 measures the time offset corresponding to the distance of distance of the second tank 9 between the transmission of the verification message and the reception of the response to this message. The measurement of this time shift makes it possible to determine an impact location 17 of the simulated shell 16.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the dimensions of the impact perimeter 18 surrounding the impact location, depending on the characteristics of the projectile. Then, the circuit 30 controls the emission of the firing of the first type comprising a firing message towards the second tank 9. In order to simulate impact points 19 in the perimeter 18 of impact, the circuit 30 controls the emission firing of the second type by offending at each transmission the laser emission axis of the optical block (20).
  • the actors in combat are composed of the shooter tank, the pedestrian actor 13 considered as the target target and the pedestrian actor 14.
  • the simulator 20 receives no response to the presence check message during the scanning time of the trajectory T.
  • no actor in combat equipped with the bidirectional target device is in the scanning field.
  • the firing of the second type is carried out after an impact date of a ballistic fire occurring at the end of the sweep of the trajectory T.
  • This impact date coincides with the impact location 17 corresponding to the point user-targeted impact before the simulation.
  • This impact location corresponds to the position of the target target which is here the pedestrian actor 13.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the dimensions of the impact perimeter surrounding the impact location, depending on the characteristics of the projectile. Then, the circuit 30 controls the emission of shots of the second type by offending at each transmission the axis of sight of the gun.
  • the shooting of the first type with a fire message is not activated in this case. Nevertheless, the activation of the emission of the firing message has no effect on the result of the simulation because no bidirectional target device is present on the trajectory T of the projectile 16 to receive it.
  • the figure 3 shows an illustration of means implementing the method of the invention.
  • the figure 3 shows a preliminary step in which the firing function of the simulator 20 is activated according to the data entered on the graphical interface.
  • the control circuit 30 extracts from the data memory 33 attributes associated with this projectile. These attributes include, the maximum range of this projectile, the number of ammunition fired continuously.
  • the control circuit 30 calculates a distance separating the shooter from the target.
  • the control circuit 30 simulates a trajectory T of a ballistic behavior of the simulated munition.
  • the laser transmitter 22 emits a laser shot of a first type comprising a verification message simulating an ammunition of the simulation weapon.
  • This verification message comprises a set of laser pulses making it possible to search for any bidirectional targets present along the simulated trajectory T.
  • the laser shot is moved along the path T to explore a certain field to detect the possible presence of target.
  • the firing simulator 20 is in the listening phase of a signal transmitted by a reflector of a bidirectional laser target device in response to the verification message (search).
  • This listening phase is triggered by the control circuit 13 by launching a countdown counter at a step 106, the duration of which is almost equal to a duration of a laser shot.
  • This duration of a laser shot previously defined, is generally of the order of tens to hundreds of milliseconds.
  • the outcome of the listening phase can be obtained either when the countdown timer reaches zero or when the receiver 23 of the simulator receives a response.
  • the simulator 20 receives a presence signaling message from a target in response to the presence check message issued, during the duration of the listening phase.
  • the control circuit 30 stops the countdown timer and deactivates the scanning device.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the impact location of the projectile by measuring the distance of distance between the shooter and the target.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the characteristics of the projectile to be simulated in order to calculate the dimensions of the impact perimeter 18 surrounding the impact location 17.
  • the firing simulator fires the first type firing with a firing message towards the target provided with the bidirectional target device.
  • the firing simulator 20 emits firing of the second type by detaching at each transmission the laser emission axis of the simulator.
  • the control circuit 30 considers, at a step 113, that the location of impact corresponds to the point of impact. targeted by the shooter.
  • the control circuit 30 determines the dimensions of the impact perimeter 18 surrounding this location of impact, depending on the characteristics of the projectile.
  • the transmitter 22 emits firing of the second type by detaching at each transmission the laser emission axis of the simulator to cover the perimeter 18 of impact.
  • the wavelength of the laser radiation emitted by the firing function of the simulator is between 880 nanometers and 920 nanometers.
  • This laser emission comprises symbols having a duration preferably greater than or equal to approximately 50 nanoseconds. In a preferred embodiment, the duration of a symbol is substantially equal to 110 nanoseconds.
  • a symbol is a laser pulse. The transmission of laser data, via this transmission, is unidirectional and asynchronous between the shooter and its target.
  • the maximum power level of the laser pulses emitted by the shooter is determined in accordance with the eye safety standard of laser devices.
  • the transmission of the data relating to the firing carried out, from the firer to the target, is effected by modulating the laser symbol train in all or nothing.
  • This modulation is preferably a pulse code modulation type binary modulation known as the Anglo-Saxon Pulse Coded Modulation (PCM).
  • PCM Anglo-Saxon Pulse Coded Modulation
  • the inter-symbol duration is equal to approximately 128 ⁇ s with a tolerance of ⁇ 5 ⁇ s.
  • the laser data transmission is done according to the unidirectional or bidirectional communication protocol.
  • a communication protocol is a set of rules and procedures defining the type of coding, the speed used during the communication, and how to establish and terminate the connection.
  • the figures 4 and 5 show an example of a unidirectional communication protocol between a firing simulator and a unidirectional target device, according to the invention.
  • the start and stop symbols 52, 53, 55, 56 are synchronization bits.
  • the word of 14 symbols includes data relating to the identification of the gunman, the type of weapon or ammunition used or the family of the weapon used (caliber) and in some cases provides information on the sanction to display. by the target.
  • the total duration of a firing of the second type issued at a fixed period of 128 ⁇ s is 8,064 ms from the first laser symbol issued.
  • the data received by the target are transmitted to a central computer management training simulation.
  • This computer determines whether the target is destroyed, hit, or engaged by that shot based on the impact point and vulnerability criteria of that target.
  • At least one additional symbol 59 is emitted during the period 57 of silence of the firing 50 of the second type.
  • This additional symbol 59 is issued at a duration of the symbol 56 end of the second 54 word equal to an odd multiple of the half inter-symbol duration.
  • This additional symbol 59 is a laser pulse allowing the target to display a sanction of the type taken together.
  • the set-to-part symbol may be 320 ⁇ s after the stop sign 56 of the second word, 448 ⁇ s after the stop symbol 56 of the second bit word or 556 ⁇ s after the symbol 56 stopping the second word.
  • start symbols 52 of the first word and the stop word 56 of the second word as well as the additional symbol 59 are transmitted at higher energy levels than the other symbols transmitted.
  • start symbols 52 of the first word, stop 56 of the second word and the additional symbol 59 are transmitted at energy levels approximately 2 times higher than those of the other symbols transmitted.
  • the transmitter emits a firing sequence 58.
  • This sequence of shots includes identical and consecutive second type shots.
  • m is between one and six.
  • the firing simulator emits a firing sequence comprising 3 identical and consecutive shots of the second type.
  • the duration of a firing sequence is at most 50 milliseconds.
  • the emission redundancy of the 14-bit word and the firing of the second type makes it possible to avoid transmission errors in order to ensure the reliability of the information received. This redundancy allows the target receiving the transmission to control the integrity of the data received.
  • the simulation of a shot is translated by the laser emission of n sequences of successive shots. Each firing sequence is issued at the impact location of each simulated munition. The sequence of shots of fact to the rhythm of the shots of the n shots of the weapon.
  • the transmitter 21 continuously emits spatially distributed shot sequences to describe a rectangular area of lethality.
  • the spatial dimensions of this area are a function of the type of simulated munition, and are metrically constant regardless of the distance between the shooter and the target.
  • the sequences of 50 ms can not be respected any more and the firing of second type are transmitted consecutively and without interruption during all the scanning of the zone of lethal coverage.
  • the Figures 9a, 9b and 9c illustrate the interpretations made by the calculator of the target when it receives a firing sequence.
  • the target receives the high energy symbols, it can interpret the received data and declare itself to be affected as shown in figure 9a .
  • the calculator of the target interprets the data received and declares itself taken by fire.
  • the shot is interpreted as missed because it is not detected by the target.
  • the Figures 6-8 show an example of bidirectional communication protocol between a firing simulator and a bidirectional target device, according to the invention.
  • the firing simulator transmits a message 60 of shots of a firing of the first type.
  • This shot message has 84 symbols including 55 standard symbols and 29 extension symbols.
  • the symbols of the shot message 60 are transmitted successively and organized from the illustrated way to the figure 6 .
  • the message 60 of shots includes a synchronization header 61, as illustrated in FIG. figure 7 .
  • This synchronization header 61 has 9 consecutive symbols.
  • This header 61 is followed by five bytes 63. These five bytes 63 are followed by a new synchronization header 62.
  • This synchronization header 62 comprises ten consecutively transmitted symbols.
  • This synchronization header 62 is followed by two extension bytes 64.
  • the bytes representing the useful data relating to the shot are framed by periods of silence. These periods of silence correspond to bits called "0" of separation.
  • the bytes of the five standard bytes 63 may include in particular the following data: Table 1 bytes Data 1 Azimuth gap 2 Distance between the shooter and the target 3 Participant code of the shooter 4 Ammunition Type Number of shots (15 maximum) 5 Site gap
  • the bytes of the two extension bytes 64 may include in particular the following data: Table 2 bytes Data 6 Shooter Participant Code Extension to 1023 participants Shift Type Extension to 136 Types 7 Shooter Participant Code Extension to 2047 participants Shift Type Extension to 136 Types
  • the total duration of a message 60 of shots issued at a fixed period of 128 ⁇ s is 10.624 ms from the first laser symbol transmitted.
  • the transmitter emits a firing sequence.
  • This sequence of shots includes 60 identical and consecutive shots.
  • m is between 1 and 28.
  • the total duration of the emission of a firing message shot sequence is 300.928 ms for a fixed inter-symbol duration of 128 ⁇ s.
  • a single sequence of data firing including 28 firing messages 60, is triggered for each shot fired by the simulated weapon following the detection of a response to the verification message issued by a bidirectional cooperating target.
  • the number of shots in the burst is included in the information coded in the message 60 shots. In a preferred embodiment, this number of strokes is limited to 15.
  • control circuit 30 creates shot messages each having a number of shots limited to 15. The circuit 30 thus successively breaks down the simulated burst into messages 60. separate shots each with not more than 15 shots fired.
  • the firing of the first type occurs after a latency period succeeding the verification message or the firing message.
  • This latency period is a latency time without laser emission. It is greater than five milliseconds.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Verfahren zur Simulation von Abschüssen eines Geschosses mit einer Simulationswaffe (10), wobei
    - die Simulationswaffe auf ein Ziel (13) gerichtet wird, das mit einer Zielvorrichtung ausgestattet ist,
    - eine fiktive Flugbahn bestimmt wird, die für die Flugbahn eines simulierten Geschosses repräsentativ ist,
    - ein Schuss eines ersten Typs gemäß einem bidirektionalen Kommunikationsprotokoll, der eine Nachricht zur Überprüfung der Präsenz von Zielen beinhaltet, mit der Simulationswaffe abgegeben wird, gleichzeitig mit der Aktivierung einer Vorrichtung zur Abtastung dieses Schusses vom ersten Typ entlang der fiktiven Trajektorie des simulierten Geschosses,
    - anschließend ein Schuss (104) vom ersten Typ, der eine Schussnachricht (111) beinhaltet, mit der Simulationswaffe auf das Ziel ausgeführt wird,
    - ein Schuss eines zweiten Typs (112, 115) gemäß einem unidirektionalen Kommunikationsprotokoll nach einem Einschlagzeitpunkt (17) und in einem Einschlagbereich (18) eines ballistischen Schusses ausgeführt wird, der nach einer ballistischen Dauer (D) erzeugt wird, wobei die ballistische Dauer (D) und der Einschlagbereich (18) in Abhängigkeit von den Eigenschaften des Geschosses so bestimmt werden, dass wenigstens ein Einschlagpunkt simuliert wird.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der Schuss des zweiten Typs nach dem Einschlagzeitpunkt während einer Dauer der Neutralisierung zugehöriger Ziele periodisch wiederholt wird,
    - die Dauer der Neutralisierung zugehöriger Ziele in Abhängigkeit von einem Typ der Simulationswaffe bestimmt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Einschlagbereich bestimmt wird, bevor der Schuss vom ersten Typ ausgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - während der Wiederholung die Zielrichtung der Simulationswaffe geändert wird (41), um den gesamten Einschlagbereich abzudecken.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Neutralisierungsdauer der Zeit entspricht, die erforderlich ist, um den Anschlagbereich abzutasten.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Überprüfungsnachricht eine Suchphase mit einer Abtastung (37) in zwei Dimensionen aufweist, nämlich einer horizontalen Abtastung und einer vertikalen Abtastung.
  7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der Schuss vom zweiten Typ nach einer Latenzzeit erzeugt wird, die auf die Überprüfungsnachricht oder auf die Schussnachricht folgt.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Zielvorrichtung in Reaktion auf die Überprüfungsnachricht eine Präsenznachricht sendet (107);
    - falls die Präsenznachricht nicht durch die Simulationswaffe empfangen wird,
    - wird der Schuss eines zweiten Typs nach einem Einschlagzeitpunkt eines ballistischen Schusses ausgeführt (115), der nach einer ballistischen Dauer erzeugt wird,
    - wobei der Schuss des zweiten Typs auf einen entsprechenden Einschlagort (113) gerichtet wird.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - der Schuss vom zweiten Typ ein zweimaliges Senden, in Form zeitlich benachbarter Sendevorgänge, eines symbolischen Datenwortes (51, 54), gefolgt von einer Stilleperiode (57), deren Dauer gleich der Dauer der zwei aneinander grenzenden Worte ist, beinhaltet,
    - wobei jedes Wort von Symbolen von kurzer Dauer gebildet wird, die voneinander durch eine Zwischensymboldauer getrennt sind, die länger als die kurze Dauer ist.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - während der Stilleperiode ein oder mehrere zusätzliche Symbole (59) zu Zeitpunkten gesendet werden, die vom Ende des zweiten Wortes durch eine Dauer getrennt sind, die gleich einem ungeraden Vielfachen der halben Zwischensymboldauer ist.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Wort von vierzehn Symbolen gebildet wird, die von einem Startsymbol (52, 55) und einem Stoppsymbol (53, 56) eingerahmt werden.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - das erste Symbol (52) des ersten Wortes, das zusätzliche Symbol (59) und das letzte Symbol (56) des zweiten Wortes mit Energiepegeln gesendet werden, die höher als diejenigen der anderen Symbole sind.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die Schussnachricht ein zweimaliges Senden, im zeitlichen Verlauf, eines symbolischen Synchronisationswortes (61, 62) beinhaltet,
    - diese zwei symbolischen Synchronisationswörter durch symbolische Datenwörter (63) getrennt sind, die den simulierten Schuss betreffen,
    - auf diese zwei symbolischen Wörter symbolische Datenerweiterungswörter (64) folgen, die den simulierten Schuss betreffen,
    - wobei jedes Wort von Symbolen von kurzer Dauer gebildet wird, die voneinander durch eine Zwischensymboldauer getrennt sind, die länger als die kurze Dauer ist.
  14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - das erste Synchronisationswort von neun Symbolen gebildet wird, das zweite Synchronisationswort von zehn Symbolen gebildet wird.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes symbolische Datenwort von acht Symbolen gebildet wird, die von einem Trennbit eingerahmt werden.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischensymboldauer mehr als 1000 mal größer als die kurze Dauer ist.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischensymboldauer ungefähr 128 µs beträgt und die Dauer eines Symbols mindestens 50 ns beträgt.
  18. Verfahren nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Position der zusätzlichen Symbole ungefähr 320 µs oder ungefähr 448 µs oder ungefähr 576 µs vom zweiten Stoppsymbol des zweiten Wertes entfernt ist.
  19. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Symbol ein Laserimpuls ist.
  20. Simulator, welcher Mittel aufweist, die dafür ausgebildet sind, das Verfahren zur Simulation von Abschüssen nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche durchzuführen.
EP09795475.4A 2008-11-24 2009-11-20 Verfahren zum simulieren von schiessen und zum implementieren dieses verfahrens geeigneter schiesssimulator Active EP2356397B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0857956A FR2938961B1 (fr) 2008-11-24 2008-11-24 Procede de simulation de tirs et simulateur de tirs apte a mettre en oeuvre le procede
PCT/FR2009/052233 WO2010058135A1 (fr) 2008-11-24 2009-11-20 Procede de simulation de tirs et simulateur de tirs apte a mettre en oeuvre le procede

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2356397A1 EP2356397A1 (de) 2011-08-17
EP2356397B1 true EP2356397B1 (de) 2018-01-10

Family

ID=40791645

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09795475.4A Active EP2356397B1 (de) 2008-11-24 2009-11-20 Verfahren zum simulieren von schiessen und zum implementieren dieses verfahrens geeigneter schiesssimulator

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2356397B1 (de)
FR (1) FR2938961B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2010058135A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012002856A1 (en) * 2010-06-30 2012-01-05 Saab Ab Wireless target system
WO2013089600A1 (en) 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Saab Ab A weapon firing and target simulator and methods thereof
CN107339908A (zh) * 2017-06-26 2017-11-10 北京盈想东方科技股份有限公司 一种机枪火力点激光模拟器
CN110441125B (zh) * 2019-07-15 2020-11-13 武汉大学 利用线状脉冲激光模拟弹道冲击并实时监测的装置及方法
FR3110226A1 (fr) 2020-05-18 2021-11-19 Gdi Simulation Simulateur de tir de combat vidéo et procédé de simulation de tir associé

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE392644B (sv) * 1973-11-19 1977-04-04 Saab Scania Ab Forfarande och anordning for att vid tillempningsovningar med simulerad eldgivning emot ett flygande skjutmal vid en luftvernstropp utfora en kvantitativ summakontroll av eldforberedelser, malfoljning och ...
SE425819B (sv) * 1978-03-02 1982-11-08 Saab Scania Ab Forfaringssett och anordning for ovningsskjutning
SE418909B (sv) * 1978-03-02 1981-06-29 Saab Scania Ab Sett och anleggning for att medelst modulerad optisk stralning overfora information till foremal
SE412959B (sv) * 1978-03-02 1980-03-24 Saab Scania Ab Sett att bestemma leget for ett antal foremal samt system for utforande av settet
JP2000218037A (ja) * 1999-02-02 2000-08-08 Sega Enterp Ltd ビデオ画面の指示位置検出方法及び装置
EP1696198B1 (de) * 2005-02-28 2014-07-16 Saab Ab Verfahren und System zur Feuersimulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2938961B1 (fr) 2017-08-11
FR2938961A1 (fr) 2010-05-28
WO2010058135A1 (fr) 2010-05-27
EP2356397A1 (de) 2011-08-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US10309751B2 (en) Small arms shooting simulation system
EP2356397B1 (de) Verfahren zum simulieren von schiessen und zum implementieren dieses verfahrens geeigneter schiesssimulator
JP2004069296A (ja) ネットワークに接続されたレーザ標的式の火器訓練システム
KR20030005234A (ko) 정밀 포격 시뮬레이터 시스템 및 방법
JP2002228397A (ja) 爆発する発射体をシミュレートする方法および装置
AU2010284328A1 (en) Training device for grenade launchers
EP2791612B1 (de) Waffenabfeuerings- und zielsimulator sowie verfahren dafür
AU2024296441A1 (en) User interface and targeting system
EP2326909B1 (de) Verfahren zur simulierung von schüssen in einem stadtgebiet
KR100527338B1 (ko) 대전차 모의 교전 시스템 및 방법
EP1737146B1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Datenübertragung
US7147472B1 (en) Laser aim scoring system
RU2296287C1 (ru) Координатор цели самоприцеливающегося боевого элемента
EP2643830A2 (de) Verfahren zur simulation von schüssen ohne direkte sicht und schusssimulator zur durchführung des verfahrens
WO2013124434A1 (fr) Simulateur de tir de combat pour armes associant fonctionnement absolu et fonctionnement en relatif terrain
EP2120000B1 (de) Verfahren zur Schussunterscheidung während einer Schusssimulation
KR20020007677A (ko) 대공사격 훈련 시스템
Rapanotti et al. Developing Vehicle Survivability on a Virtual Battlefield
Mosbrooker Eyesafe laser application in military and law enforcement training
Rapanotti et al. ModSAF-based development of operational requirements for light armored vehicles
KR101492418B1 (ko) 입력신호의 시간이진수 간격을 보정하여 해독하는 마일즈 신호의 복호방법
CN115930689A (zh) 一种基于抛壳口侦测技术的自动报靶系统和方法
US20060134582A1 (en) Simulation of tracer fire
Rapanotti et al. ModSAF-based development of DAS for light armoured vehicles
Comstock Groundwars 6.5 Users Guide.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20110527

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20160906

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20170614

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAJ Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1

GRAL Information related to payment of fee for publishing/printing deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR3

GRAR Information related to intention to grant a patent recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR71

INTC Intention to grant announced (deleted)
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: GDI SIMULATION

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20171116

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 962871

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180115

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602009050368

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20180110

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 962871

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180410

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180411

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180510

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180410

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602009050368

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20181011

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602009050368

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20181120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181120

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20181130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181130

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190601

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181130

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20181120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180110

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20091120

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180110

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20251126

Year of fee payment: 17