EP2358545A2 - Transducteur ultrasonore, capteur ultrasonore et procédé pour faire fonctionner un capteur ultrasonore - Google Patents

Transducteur ultrasonore, capteur ultrasonore et procédé pour faire fonctionner un capteur ultrasonore

Info

Publication number
EP2358545A2
EP2358545A2 EP09783378A EP09783378A EP2358545A2 EP 2358545 A2 EP2358545 A2 EP 2358545A2 EP 09783378 A EP09783378 A EP 09783378A EP 09783378 A EP09783378 A EP 09783378A EP 2358545 A2 EP2358545 A2 EP 2358545A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
ringing time
ultrasonic transducer
memory
transducer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09783378A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2358545B1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Hoenes
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2358545A2 publication Critical patent/EP2358545A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2358545B1 publication Critical patent/EP2358545B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/18—Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings

Definitions

  • Ultrasonic transducer Ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic sensor and method for operating an ultrasonic sensor
  • the present invention relates to an ultrasonic transducer, an ultrasonic sensor, and a method of operating an ultrasonic sensor.
  • Ultrasonic sensors use an ultrasonic transducer to convert an electrical excitation signal into an ultrasonic pulse. Due to the mechanical inertia of the ultrasound transducer, the ultrasound transducer also continues to oscillate after one end of an electrical excitation signal and emits an ultrasound pulse that is prolonged with respect to the electrical excitation. This additional duration is called the ringing time.
  • the ultrasonic transducers are also used to receive echoes of the ultrasonic pulses. Since an echo can not be distinguished from a ringing, no electrical signal is evaluated during the ringing time.
  • the ringing time is subject to various influences, e.g. Contamination, aging, icing in winter, material fatigue, damage caused by falling rocks, subsequent painting.
  • the ultrasonic transducer includes an integrated memory for storing at least one ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer.
  • This ringing time is independent of later influences, e.g. Painting, installation in a bumper, installation in a vehicle, temperature fluctuations, aging. Due to the knowledge of the pure ringing time caused by the structure of the ultrasonic transducer, the influences of the environment or the installation can be determined.
  • the storage can take place before or / and after the painting and / or further assembly steps.
  • a corresponding number of memories are provided, in which the individual Nachschwing devise can be stored.
  • the ringing time is individually readable for each ultrasonic transducer.
  • An ultrasonic sensor or the evaluation system (system could read memory and unlock the receiving window based on the time) can set a start of the distance measurement after the emission of an ultrasonic pulse individually for each ultrasonic transducer. As a result, the shortest detectable distance can be reduced.
  • the evaluation system can read in the ringing time once or read it in regularly, e.g. during a system start or when starting the measurement. Alternatively, read-in of the ring-back time may be accomplished by reinstalling a single ultrasonic transducer, e.g. when replacing a defective ultrasonic transducer, done.
  • the adaptation thus takes into account both sensor-side changes (environmental influences, etc.) and sensor replacement.
  • an ultrasonic sensor This includes at least one ultrasonic transducer having an integrated memory in which a first ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer is stored in the uninstalled state.
  • a readout device is used to read the first Nachschwingzeit from the memory.
  • a measuring device is used to determine a second reverberation time of the ultrasound transducer installed in the ultrasound sensor and an evaluation device serves to deactivate the ultrasound transducer if the second reverberation time deviates from the first reverberation time by more than a tolerance range and / or serves to set a flag in the memory, if the second ringing time deviates from the first ringing time by more than one tolerance range.
  • the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be permanently increased by a variety of influences. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of degradation.
  • the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducers can be influenced by influences such as e.g. Rockfall can also be reduced. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of a relevant change. The consequence of rockfall can lead to loss of sensor sensitivity to total failure.
  • influences such as e.g. Rockfall can also be reduced. Since the ringing time of a lot of a series of ultrasonic transducers can only be specified with a tolerance, it is only possible to draw limited conclusions about a possible deterioration from current measurements of the ringing time during operation. The comparison of the individual value of the Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer and a current measurement allow a more accurate detection of a
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for operating an ultrasonic sensor comprising the steps of: reading out a first ringing time from an integrated memory of ultrasonic transducers of the ultrasonic sensor; Determining a second re-oscillation time of the ultrasonic transducers installed in the ultrasonic sensor; and deactivating the ultrasonic transducers whose second ringing time deviates from the first ringing time by more than a tolerance range.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic sensor.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an ultrasonic transducer 1 in cross section.
  • a diaphragm pot 2 is formed, for example, by an open-topped tube, one opening of which is spanned by a membrane 3.
  • the membrane 3 is mechanically coupled to an electro-mechanical transducer 4, which converts an electrical signal into a mechanical movement.
  • electromechanical transducer 4 examples include piezo-active ceramic stacks or a coil in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
  • the interior of the diaphragm pot 2 can be sprayed with a foam 5.
  • the foam 5 leads to a mechanical coupling of the electro-mechanical transducer 4 with the diaphragm pot 2.
  • the foam 5 has a damping effect on the oscillatory movement of the membrane 3.
  • other damping fillers can be used.
  • the electro-mechanical transducer 4 can be excited with an electrical periodic signal, whereby the membrane 3 is placed in a vibration corresponding frequency. After switching off the electrical periodic signal, the membrane 3 oscillates for a Nachschwingzeit. The duration of the ringing time is determined by the inertia of the membrane 3, the electro-mechanical transducer 4 and the damping properties of the foam 5 and the (damping) properties of the connected electrical circuit 20 at the converter 4.
  • the electrical circuit 20 provides the signal for exciting the ultrasonic transducer 4 and evaluates the ultrasonic signals of the membrane.
  • the electrical circuit 20 consists of at least one interface 15 and a measuring device 13. It can also include the memory 6 in one embodiment. There is at least one electrical circuit 20 that can excite or evaluate one or more transducers 4.
  • the ringing time can be measured in a test environment or under other known conditions.
  • the ringing time can be determined individually for each ultrasound transducer 1 inclusive or exclusive of the associated electronics 20, or random samples are taken for a batch of ultrasound transducers 1 with / without electronics. If the converter 4 is installed together with the electric circuit 20 as a unit, the ringing time results from the lecturaji. In separately arranged units of converter 4 and electrical circuit 20, the ringing time refers to the converter 4.
  • the combination converter 4 and separate electrical circuit 20 results in a greater dispersion in the total ringing time.
  • a memory 6 is integrated in the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. within the diaphragm pot 2 or in the electromechanical transducer 4 or in the electronics 20, a memory 6 is integrated. Examples of the memory 6 are EEPROMs, flash memory. The previously determined ringing time of the single, unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored in the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1, e.g. stored as Nachschwingzeit 21.
  • the ringing time recorded in the memory 6 (for example measured in the painted state, with decoupling ring,...) Is a characteristic feature of the ultrasonic transducer 1. It is not or only to a negligible extent influenced by further processing.
  • the installation of the sensor in the bumper can change the reverberation time. However, this should be done only to a small extent, if the installation takes place correctly. In the event of incorrect assembly, the influences can become greater and lead to significant deviations of the ultrasonic transducers 1 from their unobstructed properties and also from one another. Exactly at this point, due to the individual Nachschwingzeit a test at the first assembly or in case of repair (exchange of the walker) possible.
  • the ringing time of the converter 4 may alternatively after the first correct shoring e.g. stored in the bumper again under defined measuring conditions at a second location in the memory 6 as Nachschwingzeit 22.
  • a comparison of the ringing time 21 and 22 takes place with a current measured value.
  • An evaluation can take into account an influence of the temperature on the vibration behavior. From long-term measurements a temporal change, aging can be determined.
  • a model can determine the typical aging as a function of operating time and / or mileage of a vehicle. This model can be taken into account when comparing a current measurement with the stored ringing times 21, 22.
  • Fig. 2 shows an ultrasonic sensor 10 in partial section.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 10 several, for example two, ultrasonic transducers 1 are installed.
  • a memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1 the respective Nachschwingzeit of the ultrasonic transducer 1 is stored.
  • the ultrasonic transducers 1 are connected, for example, via decoupling rings 11 to a housing 12 of the ultrasonic sensor 10.
  • the housing of the ultrasonic sensor 10 may be partially formed by a bumper.
  • the housing 12 may be composed of several parts, for example, a housing for receiving the transducer 1 and a second part in the form of the bumper.
  • the decoupling rings 1 1 are intended to prevent crosstalk of the vibration of the diaphragm 3 on the housing 12.
  • the material properties and the geometry of the housing 12 influence the reverberation time of the ultrasound transducer 1.
  • the housings 12 can be designed differently for each sensor position. Crosstalk is dependent on the implementation of the installation of the ultrasonic transducer 1 and the decoupling rings 11. Therefore, the ringing time for identical ultrasonic transducers 1 after installation in the ultrasonic sensor 10 or the housing 12 may be different.
  • the ultrasonic sensor 10 has a measuring device 13.
  • the measuring device 13 is used in standard mode to determine a distance based on a duration of ultrasound pulses.
  • the measuring device 13 can deliver an electrical excitation pulse to the ultrasonic transducers 1, whereupon the diaphragm 3 is excited to vibrate.
  • the measuring device 13 detects electrical signals of the diaphragm 3, when it is mechanically excited by an incoming ultrasonic echo.
  • the measuring device 13 can address a plurality of transducers 4 by means of an addressing device and a multiplexer device. Alternatively, each transducer 4 is assigned its own measuring device 13. This measuring device 13 may for example also be integrated in the housing of the converter 4.
  • the measuring device 13 can be used in a test mode for determining the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 installed in the ultrasonic sensor 10. Essentially, the measuring method that is carried out provides the following steps.
  • the ultrasonic transducer 1 is excited by an electrical excitation pulse.
  • an electrical signal is output, which is output from the ultrasonic transducer 1.
  • no ultrasonic echoes are to be expected, which is why it can be assumed that the electrical signal results from a ringing of the diaphragm 3. This is due to the measuring arrangement or the measuring time point to make sure.
  • a duration between the end of the electrical excitation pulse and the time when the electrical signal from the ultrasound transducer 1 is below a detection threshold is evaluated. The evaluation can be repeated several times, in particular if the vehicle is or has been moved in the meantime in order to avoid incorrect measurements due to near-reflecting objects.
  • the duration is assigned to a ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed state.
  • An evaluation device 14 reads from the memory 6 of the ultrasonic transducer 1 e.g. whose Nachschwingzeit in the uninstalled state. For this purpose, corresponding interfaces 15 are provided. The two reverberation times in the unassembled and installed state are compared with each other. If a deviation which is greater than a tolerance value results, the evaluation device 14 recognizes the ultrasonic transducer 1 as defective or incorrectly installed. The ultrasonic transducer 1 is deactivated or, alternatively, the measuring device 13 is informed of this ultrasonic transducer 1 as being defective, so that it is no longer taken into account for further distance measurements. Alternatively or additionally, in the
  • Memory 6 is set a flag that holds the detection as defective. A subsequent change of the flag can advantageously be prevented by appropriate measures. Subsequent repair or hiding a faulty installation can thus be prevented. Measures for preventing subsequent correction include a write-once memory cell, a coded memory, etc.
  • the tolerance value may be fixedly assigned to the evaluation device 14.
  • the tolerance value can be determined by the evaluation device 14.
  • the evaluation device 14 determines the deviation of the ringing time of the ultrasonic transducer 1 in the installed and uninstalled state for each ultrasonic transducer 1.
  • the deviation can be determined, for example, as difference or quotient.
  • the median of the deviation is determined as a guideline value. If the deviation of an ultrasound transducer 1 differs by more than a tolerance factor from the median, this ultrasound transducer 1 is recognized as defective.
  • the ambient temperature can be used for the evaluation.
  • the continuously determined ringing time when installed can in one embodiment be stored in the memory 6 as ringing time 23, 24,... Of the ultrasonic transducers 1. This makes it possible a long-term behavior of the individual ultrasonic wall to follow up. In a further embodiment, storage is possible depending on the mileage and / or the temperature (weather conditions).
  • An embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior.
  • a first period of operation e.g. the first 100 hours of operation or the first 1000 km of the motor vehicle
  • the ringing in the installed state is determined.
  • the determined value is recorded and applies as a guideline for the ringing or the tolerance value.
  • the tolerance value or the reference variable can be stored in the memory 6. Based on this benchmark, for example, small damages caused by stone chipping etc. can be determined by comparison.
  • One embodiment determines the tolerance value from the long-term behavior, e.g. during one year cycle.
  • the ringing over the typical course of an environmental cycle (summer / winter) is recorded.
  • the evaluation unit 14 and electrical circuit 20 the determination of the Nachschwingzeit over the period is initiated.
  • the shortest and the longest ringing time with the associated conditions, e.g. Temperature are stored in the memory 6.
  • the minimum and maximum temperature at which a reverberation test was performed can be stored with. (Low or high temperature does not have to produce min or max reverberation times). From these values, the evaluation device can determine the expected reverberation time. By comparing the current ringing time with stored values, an influence on the measuring device (contamination, icing, damage, ...) can be detected when exceeding or undershooting a limit.
  • the memory 6 may be a non-volatile memory whose values can not be changed. This allows a subsequent check on the individual ultrasonic transducer 1, if it has been properly installed.
  • the ringing time of the unobstructed ultrasonic transducer 1 can be determined for different temperatures, radiation powers, etc.
  • the determined dependencies of the ringing time can also be stored in the memory 6 in the form of correction values or as a table with corresponding reverberation times.
  • the evaluation device 13 of the ultrasonic sensor 10 can determine the ringing time corresponding to the operating conditions. The pauses between the emission of the ultrasonic pulse and the reception of the echoes can be adjusted accordingly. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis of the individual ultrasonic transducers 1 can be carried out with increased reliability.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un transducteur ultrasonore qui comprend une mémoire intégrée (6) servant à sauvegarder une durée de postoscillation du transducteur ultrasonore (1) à l'état non monté.
EP09783378.4A 2008-11-21 2009-09-24 Transducteur ultrasonore, capteur ultrasonore et procédé pour faire fonctionner un capteur ultrasonore Active EP2358545B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008043958A DE102008043958A1 (de) 2008-11-21 2008-11-21 Ultraschallwandler, Ultraschallsensor und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallsensors
PCT/EP2009/062392 WO2010057708A2 (fr) 2008-11-21 2009-09-24 Transducteur ultrasonore, capteur ultrasonore et procédé pour faire fonctionner un capteur ultrasonore

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2358545A2 true EP2358545A2 (fr) 2011-08-24
EP2358545B1 EP2358545B1 (fr) 2019-11-06

Family

ID=42111713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09783378.4A Active EP2358545B1 (fr) 2008-11-21 2009-09-24 Transducteur ultrasonore, capteur ultrasonore et procédé pour faire fonctionner un capteur ultrasonore

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8393219B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2358545B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102224019B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008043958A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010057708A2 (fr)

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CN108333574A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-07-27 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 一种特殊空间覆盖的水声换能器

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DE102008040905A1 (de) * 2008-07-31 2010-02-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ultraschallsensor
US20130201316A1 (en) 2012-01-09 2013-08-08 May Patents Ltd. System and method for server based control
CN104470729B (zh) * 2012-07-18 2018-02-06 皇家飞利浦有限公司 用于驱动负载，尤其是驱动超声换能器的驱动器设备和驱动方法
DE102014106011B4 (de) * 2014-04-29 2024-10-17 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Erkennen eines blockierten Zustands eines Ultraschallsensors eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Ultraschallsensorvorrichtung und Kraftfahrzeug
DE102014110641B4 (de) * 2014-07-29 2026-03-19 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Ultraschallsensoreinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, Kraftfahrzeug sowie Verfahren
EP3652721A1 (fr) 2017-09-04 2020-05-20 NNG Software Developing and Commercial LLC Procédé et appareil de collecte et d'utilisation de données de capteur provenant d'un véhicule
JP7804509B2 (ja) * 2022-03-30 2026-01-22 富士フイルム株式会社 超音波診断システムおよび超音波診断システムの制御方法

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CN108333574A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-07-27 中国船舶重工集团公司第七〇五研究所 一种特殊空间覆盖的水声换能器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102224019A (zh) 2011-10-19
EP2358545B1 (fr) 2019-11-06
CN102224019B (zh) 2014-06-11
US8393219B2 (en) 2013-03-12
WO2010057708A2 (fr) 2010-05-27
US20110265572A1 (en) 2011-11-03
WO2010057708A3 (fr) 2011-04-14
DE102008043958A1 (de) 2010-05-27

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