EP2360355B1 - Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2360355B1
EP2360355B1 EP11290052.7A EP11290052A EP2360355B1 EP 2360355 B1 EP2360355 B1 EP 2360355B1 EP 11290052 A EP11290052 A EP 11290052A EP 2360355 B1 EP2360355 B1 EP 2360355B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
circuit
fluid
tank
line
working fluid
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Not-in-force
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EP11290052.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2360355A1 (de
Inventor
Cyprien Ternel
Pierre Leduc
Alexandre Duparchy
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
    • F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
    • F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
    • F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling a low-freezing working fluid, in particular water, contained in a closed circuit operating according to a Rankine cycle and to a method using such a device.
  • the Rankine cycle is a closed circuit thermodynamic cycle having the particular feature of using a phase change (liquid / vapor) of a working fluid.
  • He is also known, in particular by the document FR 2 884 555 , to use the heat energy conveyed by the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular that used for motor vehicles, as a hot source for heating and vaporization of the fluid passing through the evaporator.
  • the saturation curve of this fluid must be optimized according to the temperature of the hot source and the cold source.
  • an aqueous working fluid in a Rankine cycle circuit has the advantage of having characteristics that make it possible to obtain a maximum saturation curve while having the advantage of being non-dangerous. .
  • water has the specificity of having a freezing point at low temperatures (around 0 ° C) and it is usual to add antifreeze additives, such as glycol, to lower this freezing point to acceptable temperature levels, of the order of -15 to -30 ° C.
  • antifreeze additives such as glycol
  • the present invention proposes to overcome the above disadvantages by means of a device and a process which limit or even prevent the freezing of the working fluid without this resulting in a modification of its liquid / vapor phase transformation characteristics.
  • the invention relates to a closed loop operating on a Rankine cycle comprising a device for controlling the low-freezing working fluid circulating in this circuit, said circuit comprising a fluid compression pump in liquid form, a heat exchanger swept by a hot source for evaporation of said fluid, means for expanding the fluid in vapor form, and a cooling exchanger swept by a cold source for condensing the working fluid, characterized in that it comprises a fluid receiving tank for draining said circuit and at least one pipe carrying a valve for connecting the circuit to said tank and in that the tank comprises a heating system placed in said tank for heating the fluid contained therein.
  • the tank may be an insulated tank, an expandable tank, a tank comprising a larger capacity than the volume of the fluid contained in the circuit.
  • At least one of the conduits may comprise a fluid circulation pump.
  • At least one of the lines can be connected at a point of a circulation line between the compression pump and the heat exchanger for evaporation of said fluid.
  • the circulation line may carry a valve placed between the point and the heat exchanger for evaporation of said fluid.
  • the method may comprise circulating the fluid in a pipe connecting the circuit to the tank under the action of a circulation pump carried by said pipe.
  • the circuit further comprises a cooling exchanger 36, or condenser, with an inlet 38 for the low-pressure vapor expanded and an outlet 40 for the working fluid converted into liquid form after passing through this condenser.
  • This condenser is swept by a cold source, usually a cold fluid (Arrow F) with air at room temperature, so as to cool the expanded steam so that it condenses and turns into liquid.
  • a cold source usually a cold fluid (Arrow F) with air at room temperature
  • the reservoir comprises a heating system 66 of liquid contained in the reservoir.
  • This system comprises, by way of example, an electrical heating resistor 68 placed inside this tank and supplied with current by electrical conductors 70.
  • the compressor 12 and the pump 84 are actuated with the result of introducing into the pipe 42, through the junction point 80, the water contained in the tank. This water is withdrawn from the tank under the action of the pump to circulate in the filling line 78 and then flows in the pipe 42 according to the arrows R of the figure 1 . This water introduced into the pipe 42 is then circulated in the circuit 10 under the effect of the compressor 12 undergoing the various phase changes, as mentioned above.
  • valve 86 when stopping the operation of the circuit, the valve 86 is placed in a closed position of the pipe 42 and the valve 82 is in the open position of the pipe 42.
  • the compressor 12 and the pump 84 are actuated in the same direction of rotation to introduce the circuit water in the pipe 78 and in the bottom of the tank 52 according to the arrows V '.
  • the variant of the figure 2 differs from the example of the figure 1 by specific positioning of the tank 52 and by the removal of the circulation pump on the filling line 78.
  • thermosensor for this, it can be used a temperature sensor dedicated to this measurement or the sensor that is associated with the heating system 66.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Geschlossener Kreislauf (10), der nach einem Rankine-Zyklus funktioniert, umfassend eine Kontrollvorrichtung des Arbeitsfluids mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt, das in dem Kreislauf zirkuliert, wobei der Kreislauf eine Kompressionspumpe (12) des Fluids in flüssiger Form, einen Wärmetauscher (18), der von einer Wärmequelle (24) für das Verdampfen des Fluids gespült wird, Mittel zum Entspannen (30) des Fluids in Dampfform und einen Kältetauscher (36) aufweist, der von einer Kältequelle (F) für das Kondensieren des Arbeitsfluids gespült wird, umfassend einen Behälter (52) zur Aufnahme des Fluids zum Entleeren des Kreislaufs und mindestens eine Leitung (72, 78), die ein Ventil (76, 82) trägt, um den Kreislauf (10) mit dem Behälter zu verbinden, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter (52) ein Heizsystem (66) aufweist, das in dem Behälter angeordnet ist, um das Fluid, das darin enthalten ist, zu erwärmen.
  2. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter ein wärmegedämmter Behälter (54) ist.
  3. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter ein ausdehnbarer Behälter (60) ist.
  4. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Behälter ein Fassungsvermögen aufweiset, das größer als das Volumen des Fluids ist, das in dem Kreislauf enthalten ist.
  5. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Leitung (72) zum Entleeren des Fluids des Kreislaufs (10) in den Behälter und eine Leitung (78) zum Füllen des Kreislaufs (10) durch das Fluid des Behälters aufweist.
  6. Kreislauf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Leitungen (72, 78) eine Fluidumwälzpumpe (84) aufweist.
  7. Kreislauf nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine der Leitungen (72, 78) an einem Punkt (74, 80) einer Umlaufleitung (42) zwischen der Kompressionspumpe (12) und dem Wärmetauscher (18) für das Verdampfen des Fluids angeschlossen ist.
  8. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Umlaufleitung (42) ein Ventil (83) trägt, das zwischen dem Punkt und dem Wärmetauscher (18) für das Verdampfen des Fluids angeordnet ist.
  9. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fluid Wasser ohne Frostschutzzusatz ist.
  10. Kreislauf nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmequelle (24) von den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine (28) stammt.
  11. Verfahren zur Steuerung eines geschlossenen Kreislaufs (10), der nach einem Rankine-Zyklus funktioniert, mit einem Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt, wobei der Kreislauf eine Kompressionspumpe (12) des Fluids in flüssiger Form, einen Wärmetauscher (18), der von einer Wärmequelle (24) für das Verdampfen des Fluids gespült wird, Mittel zum Entspannen (30) des Fluids in Dampfform und einen Kältetauscher (36) aufweist, der von einer Kältequelle (F) für das Kondensieren des Arbeitsfluids gespült wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, beim Anhalten des Betriebs des Kreislaufs, mindestens einen Teil des Fluids, das in dem Kreislauf enthalten ist, zu einem Behälter (52) durch mindestens eine Leitung (72, 78) zu überführen, die ein Ventil (72, 78) trägt, und das Fluid, das darin enthalten ist, durch ein Heizsystem, das in dem Behälter angeordnet ist, zu erwärmen, wenn das Fluid darin einfrieren kann.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Fluid beim Anhalten des Betriebs des Kreislaufs zu dem Behälter zu übertragen, wenn die Umgebungstemperatur niedriger als die Gefriertemperatur des Fluids ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Fluid, das in dem Behälter enthalten ist, während der Inbetriebnahme des Kreislaufs zu dem Kreislauf (10) zu überführen.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Fluid unter der Einwirkung der Kompressionspumpe (12) in einer Leitung (72) zirkulieren zu lassen, die den Kreislauf (10) mit dem Behälter (52) verbindet.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Fluid in einer Leitung (78), die den Kreislauf (10) mit dem Behälter (52) verbindet, unter der Einwirkung einer Umwälzpumpe (84), die von der Leitung getragen wird, zirkulieren zu lassen.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, das Fluid, das in dem Behälter enthalten ist, während der Inbetriebnahme des Kreislaufs durch Schwerkraft zu dem Kreislauf (10) zu überführen.
EP11290052.7A 2010-02-11 2011-01-28 Vorrichtung zur Steuerung eines in einem wie ein Rankinezyklus arbeitenden geschlossenen Kreislauf fliessenden Arbeitsfluid mit niedrigem Gefrierpunkt und Verfahren unter Verwendung einer solchen Vorrichtung Not-in-force EP2360355B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1000572A FR2956153B1 (fr) 2010-02-11 2010-02-11 Dispositif de controle d'un fluide de travail a bas point de congelation circulant dans un circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel dispositif

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EP2360355A1 EP2360355A1 (de) 2011-08-24
EP2360355B1 true EP2360355B1 (de) 2017-08-16

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US (1) US9926812B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2360355B1 (de)
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FR (1) FR2956153B1 (de)

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DE102010028013A1 (de) * 2010-04-21 2011-10-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Abwärmenutzung
DE102010042558A1 (de) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Abwärmenutzung
DE102011005722B3 (de) * 2011-03-17 2012-08-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Dampfkreisprozesses
CN103075233B (zh) * 2012-01-04 2017-02-15 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 内燃机低温进气方法及发动机
FR2985767B1 (fr) * 2012-01-18 2019-03-15 IFP Energies Nouvelles Dispositif de controle d'un fluide de travail dans un circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine et procede utilisant un tel dispositif
AT513999B1 (de) * 2013-02-25 2015-02-15 MAN Truck & Bus Österreich AG Abwärmenutzungssystem, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit einer Speisepumpe
FR3004216B1 (fr) * 2013-04-09 2017-11-17 Exoes Systeme et methode de gestion du gel dans un circuit de conversion d'energie thermique
US20170130612A1 (en) * 2014-06-26 2017-05-11 Volvo Truck Corporation System for a heat energy recovery
JP6397942B2 (ja) 2014-06-26 2018-09-26 ボルボトラックコーポレーション 排気システム
FR3055149B1 (fr) 2016-08-18 2020-06-26 IFP Energies Nouvelles Circuit ferme fonctionnant selon un cycle de rankine avec un dispositif pour l'arret d'urgence du circuit et procede utilisant un tel circuit
CN113358328A (zh) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-07 中国科学院力学研究所 一种实现溶液饱和度可控的循环水槽实验装置

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JP2011163346A (ja) 2011-08-25
FR2956153A1 (fr) 2011-08-12
JP5739184B2 (ja) 2015-06-24
FR2956153B1 (fr) 2015-07-17
US9926812B2 (en) 2018-03-27
US20110192178A1 (en) 2011-08-11
EP2360355A1 (de) 2011-08-24

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