EP2368080A2 - Procede et dispositif d'evaporation et de condensation d'un milieu - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'evaporation et de condensation d'un milieu

Info

Publication number
EP2368080A2
EP2368080A2 EP09775631A EP09775631A EP2368080A2 EP 2368080 A2 EP2368080 A2 EP 2368080A2 EP 09775631 A EP09775631 A EP 09775631A EP 09775631 A EP09775631 A EP 09775631A EP 2368080 A2 EP2368080 A2 EP 2368080A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
medium
inert gas
condenser
heat exchanger
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09775631A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Otto Preglau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2368080A2 publication Critical patent/EP2368080A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/10—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with inert gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for vaporizing and liquefying a medium with the aim of heat, namely to win condensation heat during liquefaction.
  • the medium continuously evaporated and liquefied according to the invention is a refrigerant, e.g. Ammonia, as it is also used in heat pumps.
  • the refrigerant eg ammonia, NH 3
  • NH 3 ammonia
  • absorption heat pumps operate by supplying heat energy, and in this process too the expansion and cooling of the medium takes place via a throttle valve.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for vaporizing and liquefying a medium available, is obtained in the heat of condensation and in which for the execution of the method or the operation of the device less energy than previously required in the operation of heat pumps.
  • the pressure of a gas mixture changes as the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases of which the mixture consists. Therefore, the pressure of the mixture is determined from the partial pressure of the medium (e.g., ammonia) and the partial pressure of the inert gas (e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen) when carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • the medium e.g., ammonia
  • the inert gas e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen
  • the liquefied medium for example ammonia
  • an inert gas which may be hydrogen or nitrogen.
  • a gaseous mixture of medium and inert gas e.g. from ammonia, hydrogen or nitrogen, wherein the required heat of vaporization by means of a heat exchanger of the environment (air or water or the like.) Is removed.
  • the resulting in the evaporation of the liquid medium in the inert gas mixture is separated again in the process according to the invention.
  • the separation of the mixture, consisting of vaporized medium and inert gas, can be carried out in various ways.
  • One possibility is to separate the mixture by the action of an electric field on the mixture.
  • the separation of the gas mixture can be carried out, for example, by loading charged molecules of the medium, e.g. charged ammonia molecules are deflected in the electric field.
  • the component of the mixture is separated off, in particular the inert gas, from the mixture by temporary chemical bonding.
  • This is particularly advantageous when using hydrogen as an inert gas, when the inert gas (hydrogen) is separated by formation of metal hydrides.
  • ammonia molecules are electrically charged by applying a corona discharge. Such charged ammonia molecules can be effectively separated from the mixture in the electric field.
  • electrode arrangements with separate charging and deposition zones have proven to be particularly advantageous because they operate very effectively.
  • the mixture of inert gas (hydrogen or nitrogen) and medium (ammonia) is bubbled through a (narrow) gap between electrodes.
  • the charged molecules of the medium (ammonia molecules) are deflected in the direction of the working electrode, so that the mixture is separated. It is advantageous to provide separation tongues in the flow path, which guide the separate gases into separate flow paths.
  • the separation of the mixture of inert gas and medium may be carried out by forming metal hydrides in an adiabatic pressure difference method at a pressure of several hundreds of Torr.
  • this adiabatic pressure swing process (practically) no heat exchange will take place, so that all the work done on the system will be completely transformed into the internal energy.
  • the absorption and desorption of hydrogen are allowed to proceed simultaneously with the aid of a single absorber column. The amount of heat released during absorption is stored in ballast material stretched hydride pellets and consumed again.
  • the envisaged in the process according to the invention separating the mixture with the formation of metal hydrides can be carried out by itself or in addition to the separation with electrodes.
  • the rate of passage of hydrogen through the metal hydride block for increasing the pressure difference to accelerate without the use of a compressor.
  • the charged molecules of the medium (ammonia molecules) are drawn in an embodiment of the invention in the condenser in the region of the working electrode.
  • the metal hydride block is only lapped by the hydrogen as the second electrical pole, so that on this side the total pressure prevailing in the condenser, but only the partial pressure of the hydrogen on the opposite side in the evaporator comes into effect.
  • sequence of the method according to the invention can be described as follows:
  • a medium (refrigerant, eg NH 3 ) is periodically evaporated and liquefied again.
  • the medium is circulated by a fan.
  • the medium vaporizes in an evaporator in an inert gas atmosphere (eg H 2 or N 2 ), whereby its partial pressure drops, so it expands.
  • an inert gas atmosphere eg H 2 or N 2
  • the mixture of vaporized medium and inert gas is passed through a heat exchanger where it absorbs ambient heat.
  • the mixture flows through another heat exchanger in which it is heated by flowing out of the condenser (hot) inert gas.
  • the mixture is driven by a fan into a vapor space of the condenser.
  • the mixture enriched with medium eg ammonia, NH 3
  • medium eg ammonia, NH 3
  • Liquefied medium is pumped through the heat exchanger (to cool it by the cold, gaseous mixture flowing into the condenser) and a
  • Inert gas separated in the condenser flows via the heat exchanger into the first evaporator. It is advantageous in the inventive method: since in all parts of the plant, even in the heat exchangers, only a predetermined operating pressure, depending on the prevailing temperature, is required, enough to circulate the gases (medium and inert gas) blower and for liquefied medium, a circulation pump.
  • (inert) inert gas nitrogen or hydrogen
  • (nitrogen or hydrogen) is blown into the evaporator and the liquid medium is injected, which evaporates via troughs flowing down into the inert gas atmosphere.
  • ambient heat is supplied to the mixture via the wall of the evaporator.
  • a heat exchanger is provided, in which the mixture formed in the evaporator (at ambient temperature) is heated by receiving heat from the environment (air and / or water).
  • the heating of the mixture in the heat exchanger is not detrimental because simply the temperature level in the condenser condensation is higher.
  • the dew point of the medium in the condenser is below, because the condenser (continuously), a gaseous mixture of medium and inert gas is fed, but the inert gas and separated from the
  • the inert gas whether hydrogen or nitrogen, is heated by the heat of condensation emitted by the refrigerant, but since the pressure difference process is performed adiabatically (ie without heat exchange with the environment), the entry of hydrogen into the metal releases heat to form metal hydride , which, however, is consumed again when hydrogen is discharged.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically a first embodiment and Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a system according to the invention.
  • the plant shown in Fig. 1 has as essential parts of a boiler plant as a condenser 5, a heat exchanger 6, an evaporator 2, a heat exchanger 20 and a fan 1.
  • a pump 13 is connected, the liquefied medium via a line 14 to the evaporator 2 leads.
  • the evaporator 2 is connected to the heat exchanger 20 so that vaporized medium (mixed with inert gas) absorbs heat in the heat exchanger 20 and is conducted via a line 3 via the fan 1 into the vapor space 4 of the condenser 5.
  • electrodes 7 and 8 are provided, wherein between the electrodes 7 and 8, a separation tongue 9 is provided.
  • a heat exchanger 21 is provided, which is supplied via lines 12 and a pump 22, a heat transfer medium or dissipated.
  • the separation tongue 9 is mounted so that separated inert gas is supplied via a line 10 to the heat exchanger 6 after it flows via the line 10 to the evaporator 2.
  • the fan 1 provides the necessary gas circulation and conveys the warmed up to circulation temperature of medium and inert gas (eg ammonia vapor hydrogen gas mixture) from the heat exchanger 20 via line 3 into the vapor space 4 of the condenser 5.
  • medium and inert gas eg ammonia vapor hydrogen gas mixture
  • the mixture of inert gas and Medium (ammonia) in the heat exchanger 6 to the operating temperature prevailing in the condenser 5, heated.
  • the molecules of the medium (ammonia molecules) are electrically charged before entry between the electrodes 7, 8 by means of corona charging and the gas mixture passed between the oppositely charged electrodes 7 and 8.
  • the charged molecules of the medium are deflected in the direction of the working electrode 7 and the gases thus separated are separated from one another by the at least one separating tongue 9.
  • gaseous medium ammonia gas
  • the medium containing e.g. Ammonia, enriched part of the mixture condenses in the
  • Purified inert gas (hydrogen) is blown from the vapor space 4 of the condenser 5 via the line 10 into the evaporator 2. Condensed medium is also conducted by means of the liquid pump 13 via the line 14 into the evaporator 2. Both media are cooled in the heat exchanger 6 against the cold medium-inert gas mixture (ammonia vapor-hydrogen mixture) in countercurrent, before finally in the evaporator 2 liquid medium (ammonia) expands into the inert gas and evaporated under (extreme) cooling.
  • the cold medium-inert gas mixture ammonia vapor-hydrogen mixture
  • ammonia liquid medium expands into the inert gas and evaporated under (extreme) cooling.
  • the separation of medium (ammonia) from the inert gas (hydrogen) takes place in the liquefier by means of a metal hydride block 15.
  • metal e.g. Palladium is provided as metal. Palladium can absorb 600 to 3000 times its volume of gaseous hydrogen, with hydrogen starting to dissolve again at relatively low temperatures (40 to 50 ° C) and very low pressure from the metal lattice of the palladium.
  • the amount of heat released during absorption is stored in ballast material stretched hydride pellets and consumed again.
  • the separation of the medium (NH 3 ) is possible, with finely divided palladium (palladium sponge) is particularly suitable, which is 600 times as SoI can accommodate 3000 times the volume of gaseous hydrogen in its metal grid and the hydrogen at relatively low temperatures (40 ° C - 50 ° C) and very low pressure in turn begins to loosen from the metal lattice of the paladium.
  • the charging zone consists of a series of sputtering wire-plate electrode pairs that charge the water vapor molecules flowing through a correspondingly applied voltage in the kVolt range and the current in the ⁇ A range. It is an inhomogeneous field.
  • the deposition zone consists of a group of homogenous fields, which with a very high Voltage and an extremely low amperage and be produced with plate pair electrode arrangements.
  • the electrical power required to deflect is thus small and is in the one-watt range.
  • the medium is circulated by the blower 1.
  • the medium evaporates in the evaporator 2 in an inert gas atmosphere (e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen), whereby the partial pressure of the medium decreases, thus expanding.
  • an inert gas atmosphere e.g., hydrogen or nitrogen
  • the mixture of vaporized medium and inert gas is passed through a heat exchanger 20, where it receives ambient heat.
  • the mixture of medium and inert gas flows through a further heat exchanger 6, in which it is heated by flowing out of the condenser 5, hot inert gas.
  • the mixture is largely separated, to which ionized ammonia molecules in an electric field (electrodes 7 and 8) are deflected and optionally additionally or exclusively inert gas is chemically bonded or absorbed, for example under Metallhydrid Struktur when the inert gas is hydrogen.
  • the condenser 5 condenses the medium (ammonia) from the mixture because the dew point is exceeded, especially since the partial pressure of the medium increases because inert gas is separated, with liquid refrigerant accumulates at the bottom 11 of the condenser 5.
  • Resulting condensation heat is removed from the vapor space 4 of the condenser 5 via a heat exchanger 21 and can be supplied to a heater.
  • Passed heat exchanger 6 In the heat exchanger 6, it is cooled by the cold, gaseous mixture flowing to the condenser 5. The thus obtained heated, liquefied medium is passed via the line 14 to the evaporator 2, where it is in the Inert gas, which is supplied to the evaporator 2 via the line 10, evaporated into it.
  • the medium In the continuous evaporation and liquefaction of a medium, such as ammonia, with the aim of using ambient heat for heating, the medium is circulated by means of a blower 1 between a condenser 5 and an evaporator 2, and a heat exchanger 20.
  • the medium In the evaporator 2, the medium is evaporated into an atmosphere of an inert gas, and the mixture of vaporized medium and inert gas is heated in the heat exchanger 20 by absorbing heat from the environment.
  • inert gas In the condenser 5, inert gas is separated from the mixture of medium and inert gas, so that the partial pressure of the medium rises and liquefies it.
  • Liquefied medium is supplied from the condenser via a pump 13 under heat exchange with inflowing cold mixture back to the evaporator 2, as well as a separate line 10 inert gas. From the condenser 5, heat is removed from the steam space 4 of the condenser 5 via a heat exchanger 21 and used for heating.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'évaporation et la condensation continues d'un milieu tel que l'ammoniac afin d'utiliser la chaleur de l'environnement pour le chauffage. Selon l'invention, le milieu est transporté au moyen d'une soufflante (1) dans un circuit entre un condenseur (5) et un évaporateur (2) ainsi qu'un échangeur thermique (20). Dans l'évaporateur (2), le milieu est évaporé dans une atmosphère de gaz inerte et le mélange milieu-gaz inerte est chauffé dans l'échangeur thermique (20) par absorption de la chaleur de l'environnement. Dans le condenseur (5), le gaz inerte est séparé du mélange milieu-gaz inerte de manière à ce que la pression partielle du milieu augmente et le milieu se liquéfie. Le milieu ainsi liquéfié est renvoyé du condenseur vers l'évaporateur (2) au moyen d'une pompe (13), avec échange thermique avec le mélange froid arrivant, tout comme le gaz inerte par l'intermédiaire d'un conduit séparé (10). La chaleur est extraite de la chambre d'évaporation (4) du condenseur (5) au moyen d'un échangeur thermique (21), cette chaleur étant alors utilisée pour le chauffage.
EP09775631A 2008-09-22 2009-09-10 Procede et dispositif d'evaporation et de condensation d'un milieu Withdrawn EP2368080A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0146908A AT507617A1 (de) 2008-09-22 2008-09-22 Wärmepumpe
PCT/AT2009/000355 WO2010031095A2 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-10 Procédé et dispositif d'évaporation et de condensation d'un milieu

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2368080A2 true EP2368080A2 (fr) 2011-09-28

Family

ID=41698049

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09775631A Withdrawn EP2368080A2 (fr) 2008-09-22 2009-09-10 Procede et dispositif d'evaporation et de condensation d'un milieu

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2368080A2 (fr)
AT (1) AT507617A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010031095A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112807712B (zh) * 2021-01-05 2023-05-02 中国神华煤制油化工有限公司 蒸发器
CN113340022A (zh) 2021-05-27 2021-09-03 五邑大学 纳米分离式制冷系统及制冷循环方法
CN113340021A (zh) 2021-05-27 2021-09-03 五邑大学 应用于空调的制冷设备
CN113340019B (zh) 2021-05-27 2024-05-28 五邑大学 基于分子筛的制冷机
CN113375397B (zh) 2021-05-27 2024-08-23 五邑大学 基于分子筛的冰箱机

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1894359A (en) * 1931-03-06 1933-01-17 Siemens Ag Absorption refrigerating apparatus
US2287902A (en) * 1940-02-05 1942-06-30 Hoover Co Refrigeration
GB561325A (en) * 1941-05-03 1944-05-15 Nils Erland Af Kleen Absorption refrigerating apparatus
US2400214A (en) * 1942-06-20 1946-05-14 Hoover Co Refrigeration
SU1714307A1 (ru) * 1990-03-26 1992-02-23 Московский энергетический институт Устройство дл охлаждени рабочего тела
DE19730697A1 (de) * 1997-07-17 1999-01-21 Buderus Heiztechnik Gmbh Adsorptionswärmepumpe
US6389841B1 (en) * 1998-02-20 2002-05-21 Hysorb Technology, Inc. Heat pumps using organometallic liquid absorbents
DE102006059504A1 (de) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-28 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpe

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010031095A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010031095A3 (fr) 2010-09-23
WO2010031095A2 (fr) 2010-03-25
AT507617A1 (de) 2010-06-15

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