EP2398652B1 - Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefaçon - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefaçon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2398652B1
EP2398652B1 EP10708242.2A EP10708242A EP2398652B1 EP 2398652 B1 EP2398652 B1 EP 2398652B1 EP 10708242 A EP10708242 A EP 10708242A EP 2398652 B1 EP2398652 B1 EP 2398652B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
document
mark
marks
marking
colored
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10708242.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2398652A2 (fr
Inventor
Zbigniew Sagan
Justin Picard
Alain Foucou
Jean-Pierre Massicot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Advanced Track and Trace SA
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Advanced Track and Trace SA
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2398652A2 publication Critical patent/EP2398652A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2398652B1 publication Critical patent/EP2398652B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/10—Watermarks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M3/00—Printing processes to produce particular kinds of printed work, e.g. patterns
    • B41M3/14—Security printing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G21/00—Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge
    • G03G21/04—Preventing copies being made of an original
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/003—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements
    • G07D7/0034—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using security elements using watermarks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/128—Viewing devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for securing documents against counterfeiting. It applies, in particular to all documents or flat products and, at least partially, transparent, for example paper, plastics, fabrics or glass.
  • the present invention provides methods for inserting copy-sensitive codes into images, substrates and, in particular, into bank note watermarks, as well as for reading and extracting data from these codes.
  • counterfeiters use very advanced technical means to imitate them.
  • each new security measure adopted for example inclusion of metal son possibly carrying a micro-writing, addition of a watermark or a hologram or insertion of fibers in the paper, counterfeiters replicate by means simulating or reproducing the characteristics additional.
  • the means of verifying the authenticity of these documents can not be distributed, both because of their complexity and their cost and because of the security risk that their dissemination would cause. Indeed, by procuring it, a forger could know how it works and further improve the similarity between authentic documents and false documents.
  • Watermarks are produced during the paper production phase and are part of the paper. They can not be erased or damaged by the wear of paper, which makes it an advantageous means of protection especially for banknotes, which must be able to withstand significant wear.
  • watermarks There are several methods of making watermarks. For example, in artisanal manufacture, the watermark effect is obtained as soon as the sheet is formed by a local reduction in the quantity of fibers. For this purpose, it is sufficient to fix to the frame collecting the pulp a simple wire of iron or brass of the desired shape.
  • the cylinder mold watermark technique is the most widely used for banknotes, passports and other valuable documents. This type of watermark incorporates a tonal depth corresponding to a grayscale image, and is created by raised surfaces on the surface of the cylinder that compresses the paper pulp.
  • the watermark is a means of first-level protection, that is to say, it allows the holder of the document to determine the authenticity in a purely sensory manner: typically, the document is placed between the eye and a light source, and an image appears in transparency depending on the thickness or density of the paper fibers.
  • the techniques of producing watermarks have become democratized.
  • the US Patent 7,286,682 discloses a technique for simulating a watermark effect by synchronizing the front and back printing of a document and locally varying the phase of the screen dots between the two sides of the document. By observing the document in front of a light source, an image appears whose lighter areas correspond to the positions where the frame dots are superimposed, and the darker areas correspond to the positions where the screen dots are shifted.
  • the patent is known FR 2 904 130 which describes a document security method which comprises a step of generating a digital information matrix representative of a message comprising redundancies and a step of marking the document with the digital information matrix to form a mark comprising, because of the physical marking conditions, at least partially unpredictable errors, the amount of errors being able to be estimated by implementing the redundancies. Since the number of printing errors must be estimated, the patent FR 2 904 130 does not provide any means of first-level protection, that is, as set out above, which allows the document holder to determine authenticity in a purely sensory manner, typically by placing the document between the document eye and a light source to reveal an image, by transparency.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages.
  • the error rate in an image of superimposed markings illuminated by backlighting combines the characteristics of the two brands with those of unpredictable errors generated by their marking. This amplifies the copy detection capability of each mark of the document.
  • the method which is the subject of the present invention comprises a step of estimating the probability of error that an area, colored or not, of at least one mark is confounded with a zone, uncolored or colored with a another color, according to a marking parameter value implemented by the marking means and a step of selecting a parameter value corresponding to a probability between two predetermined values.
  • the predetermined values frame the value of 22%.
  • At least one of the marks carries, in a coded manner, with redundancies, an identifier of the document.
  • Such a mark makes it possible to quickly identify the document by reading its coded identifier.
  • the marks have complementary colors.
  • the original viewed by transparency has black areas while a copy in which the marks do not overlap as well will present colored areas.
  • At least one of the marks comprises hatched cells.
  • the hatches thus have a higher resolution than the cells and allow the transport of information with a lower resolution allowing a reading with a less expensive reader since it does not have to read the hatching but only the cells.
  • the first and second mark comprise at least one colored zone and each colored zone of one of the marks is superimposed on the absence of marking of the other mark, with the exception of zones presenting an absence of marking in both marks and representing a coded message.
  • the first and second mark comprise at least one colored zone and the marks are formed of a matrix of rectangular zones, one of the marks (340), once seen by transparency, being formed of colored zones. overlapping the centers of the unstained areas of the other brand (335).
  • the present invention is directed to a computer program that can be loaded into a computer system, said program containing instructions for implementing the method that is the subject of the present invention, as briefly described above.
  • the first and second mark comprise at least one colored zone and the colored zones of the marks have complementary colors.
  • the first and second mark comprise at least one colored zone and each colored zone of one of the marks is superimposed on the absence of marking of the other mark with the exception of areas with no marking. in both brands and presenting a coded message.
  • the marks are formed of a matrix of rectangular zones, one of the marks, once seen by transparency, being formed of colored zones which are superimposed on the centers of the unstained zones of the other mark.
  • the prints and watermarks are shown in black on a white background.
  • the watermarks always have a low contrast and the prints can be in gray on a white background or in color on the background of another color.
  • an impression on a first face comprises a horizontal straight line segment 105 and a vertical straight line segment 110.
  • a watermark 115 is a mark whose copy using marking means identical to those used to form said watermark 115 causes a rate of errors, measured point by point, greater than a predetermined value, for example thirty percent.
  • the watermark 115 has, due to punctual unpredictable physical phenomena of its marking means, a point error rate greater than a predetermined value, for example twenty percent.
  • printing on a second face comprises a horizontal straight line segment 125 and a vertical straight line segment 120.
  • FIG. 4 which, seen in transparency, for example by backlighting, the two impressions 105, 110, 120 and 125, form two corners of a rectangle, this rectangle delimiting, in the watermark 115, an area of interest where is coded a message, according to known techniques.
  • the portion of the watermark 115 outside the rectangle delimited by the lines carrying the segments 105, 110, 120 and 125 bears a second message.
  • Each of the messages considered represents an identifier of the first document, for example a serial number, and possibly, its model, its place of manufacture and its date of manufacture.
  • an impression on a first face comprises a horizontal straight line segment 205 and a vertical straight line segment 210.
  • a watermark 215 is a mark whose copy using marking means identical to those used to form said watermark 215 causes a rate of errors, measured point by point, greater than a predetermined value, for example thirty percent.
  • the watermark 215 has a point error rate greater than a predetermined value, for example of twenty percent.
  • printing on a second face includes a horizontal straight line segment 225 and a vertical straight line segment 220.
  • FIG. 8 which, seen in transparency, for example by backlight, the two impressions 205, 210, 220 and 225, form two corners of a rectangle, this rectangle delimiting, in the watermark 215, an area of interest where is coded a message, according to known techniques.
  • the part of the watermark 215 outside the rectangle delimited by the lines carrying the segments 205, 210, 220 and 225 carries a second message.
  • Each of the messages considered represents an identifier of the first document, for example a serial number, and possibly its model, location and date of manufacture.
  • FIG. 9 two impressions formed on two sides of a third document, one of the impressions being seen in transparency. It can be seen that the printing 305 is the negative of the printing 310. Each of the prints 305 and 310 is a mark whose copy using marking means identical to those used to form said printing causes an error rate. , measured point by point, greater than a predetermined value, for example twenty-five percent.
  • each of these prints 305 and 310 has, due to punctual unpredictable physical phenomena of its marking means, a point error rate greater than a predetermined value, for example fifteen percent.
  • At least one of the prints 305 and 310 carries, in a coded manner, with redundancies (preferably error correction codes, or "CRC” for "cyclic redundancy check”), an identifier of the third document.
  • redundancies preferably error correction codes, or "CRC” for "cyclic redundancy check
  • the two impressions are identical, once one of the two views is transparent, that is to say that each element of one is superimposed on one element of the other, but has complementary colors, in which case the original, seen by transparency seems formed of black dots on a white background while the copy will present colored areas.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a variant wherein the elementary cells of at least one of the anti-copy marks 325 and 330 are gray or hatched.
  • Each of the prints 315 and 320 is a mark whose copy using marking means identical to those used to form said printing causes an error rate, measured point by point, greater than a predetermined value, for example twenty -five percent.
  • each of these prints 315 and 320 has, due to punctual unpredictable physical phenomena of its marking means, a point error rate greater than a predetermined value, for example fifteen percent.
  • Each of the prints 315 and 320 carries, in a coded manner, with redundancies (CRC error correction codes), an identifier of the fourth document.
  • Figures 12 and 13 the case where one, 340, impressions, when viewed by transparency is formed of dark points which are superimposed on the centers of the light areas of the other printing 335. More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, More generally, in embodiments, the marks are formed of a matrix of rectangular zones, one of the marks, when seen by transparency, being formed of colored zones which are superimposed on the centers of the unstained zones of the other mark.
  • Each of the impressions illustrated in Figures 12 to 17 is a mark whose copy using marking means identical to those used to form said printing causes an error rate, measured point by point, greater than a predetermined value, for example twenty-five percent.
  • each of these impressions has, due to punctual unpredictable physical phenomena of its marking means, a point error rate greater than a predetermined value, for example fifteen percent.
  • at least one of the prints is a digital authentication code.
  • the digital authentication codes also referred to as "CNAs" are digital images which, once marked on a medium, for example by local printing or modification of the medium, are designed so that some of their properties, in general automatically measured from a captured image, are modified if a marked image is copied.
  • the digital authentication codes are generally based on the degradation of one or more copy-sensitive signals during the copying step, a signal being carried by image elements with measurable characteristics sensitive to copying. Certain types of digital authentication codes may also contain information making it possible to identify or trace the document that contains it.
  • the copy detection patterns also referred to as "MDC" are dense images, generally pseudo-random in nature. Their reading principle is based on an image comparison to measure an index of similarity (or dissimilarity) between the original copy detection pattern and the captured copy detection pattern, for example by an image sensor : if this captured pattern is a copy, the similarity index will be lower than if it is an original.
  • Secure Information Matrices also referred to as "MIS" later, are, just like two-dimensional barcodes, images designed to carry a large amount of information in a robust manner.
  • secure information matrices are copy-sensitive. On reading, an error rate of the coded message extracted from the matrix is measured, which rate is higher for the copies than for the originals, which makes it possible to distinguish these copies from the original prints.
  • the copy detection patterns and the secure information matrices are visible.
  • marking copy detection patterns and secure information matrices invisibly is not always possible due to manufacturing or cost constraints.
  • the visibility of an anti-copy mark can be a disadvantage in terms of aesthetics and, in some cases, in terms of security because the counterfeiter is informed of their presence.
  • numeric authentication codes that are naturally invisible or, at least, difficult to notice.
  • watermarks embedded in printed images are designed to be damaged when the printed image is reproduced, for example by photocopying. Measuring the degree of degradation of the digital watermark, which is lower in the original print than in a copy of it, makes it possible to detect these copies.
  • the combination of several watermarks with different degrees of copy sensitivity allows, by a comparison of the respective energy levels, to detect the copies.
  • the integration of digital watermarks into the document production process is however more complex, which limits their use: unlike copying patterns and secure information matrices, the digital watermark can not be simply "Added” to the image; the digital watermark is indeed a complex function of the message to be added and the original image, the energy of the digital watermark being locally adjusted according to the masking properties of the original image.
  • Embedding digital watermark on documents or products involves sending the source image to a central marking / printing unit that incorporates the watermark numeric and returns a marked image. This procedure is impractical due to the often very large file size and associated image security issues.
  • the source image must not be sent to the central marking / printing unit: conversely, it is the image of the copy detection pattern or the secure information matrix, of a very small size in general, for example a few kilobytes, which is sent to the holder of the image files that will be affixed to the document or product.
  • MSMA asymmetric modulation spatial marking methods
  • MSMAs allow invisible, or at least discrete, marking of documents.
  • MSMAs are, in general, dot patterns, which are added to the document to be marked as an additional layer. For example, in the case of an offset printing process, an additional plate supporting only the MSMA is overprinted on the document.
  • MSMAs integrate more easily than digital watermarks in the document production process, the source image not being necessary for the central marking / printing unit.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide methods for producing watermarks that are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to copy.
  • methods are described for embedding watermarked CNAs in documents as well as for reading these CNAs.
  • a test watermark is first generated, using or not a figurative image, and a plurality of zones, each having a predetermined size and / or a predetermined depth, are integrated therein. .
  • a certain amount of paper is made using this watermark, and the average and variability of the paper fiber thickness or density is measured for each of the predetermined areas. It may be easier to measure the gray level of the area illuminated by transparency, which will be higher (the area becomes lighter) if the thickness or density of paper fiber decreases.
  • an error probability estimation step is carried out whereby an area, whether colored or not, of at least one mark is confused with an area that is not colored or colored with another color, depending on minus one marking parameter value implemented by the marking means and a step of selecting a value of each parameter corresponding to a probability lying between two predetermined values, preferably which enclose the value of 22%.
  • the NAC is integrated into the figurative image according to the NAC's own process (see above). For example, if a set of positions are predetermined by a key, the depth and / or the surface of the area to be embossed corresponding to the value which it is desired to assign locally are varied in these positions. For a binary modulated signal, the two possible surface values are determined beforehand.
  • the detection is done as it is commonly done for CNAs from digitized images. However, scanning can be done in a manner suitable for watermark capture. For example, a flatbed scanner can be used in the transparency scan mode. Note that it may be necessary to invert the image. More precise measurements of the surface can be made from tools such as an electron microscope.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
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EP10708242.2A 2009-02-18 2010-02-18 Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefaçon Not-in-force EP2398652B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0900742A FR2942334B1 (fr) 2009-02-18 2009-02-18 Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefacon
PCT/FR2010/000136 WO2010094859A2 (fr) 2009-02-18 2010-02-18 Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefaçon

Publications (2)

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EP2398652A2 EP2398652A2 (fr) 2011-12-28
EP2398652B1 true EP2398652B1 (fr) 2017-03-15

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EP10708242.2A Not-in-force EP2398652B1 (fr) 2009-02-18 2010-02-18 Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents contre la contrefaçon

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US (1) US8736910B2 (pt)
EP (1) EP2398652B1 (pt)
JP (1) JP2012517921A (pt)
KR (1) KR20110124313A (pt)
CN (1) CN102405140B (pt)
AU (1) AU2010215353B2 (pt)
BR (1) BRPI1008450A2 (pt)
FR (1) FR2942334B1 (pt)
RU (1) RU2011138308A (pt)
WO (1) WO2010094859A2 (pt)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2836365B1 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-06-01 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Duplex printing
FR3018128B1 (fr) * 2014-03-03 2016-03-25 Advanced Track & Trace Procede et dispositif de securisation d'un document
US9871660B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2018-01-16 Banco De Mexico Method for certifying and authentifying security documents based on a measure of the relative variations of the different processes involved in its manufacture
WO2019170927A1 (es) * 2018-03-07 2019-09-12 Sotec Consulting Sl Método y sistema de verificacion automática de la autenticidad de documentos
EP4102399B1 (en) 2021-06-08 2024-07-31 Université de Genève Object authentication using digital blueprints and physical fingerprints

Citations (2)

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EP0537484A1 (de) * 1991-10-18 1993-04-21 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Aufzeichnungsträger mit farbigen Bildinformationen, insbesondere Wert- oder Ausweiskarte
EP1580025A2 (de) * 2004-03-26 2005-09-28 Hueck Folien Ges.m.b.H Sicherheitsmerkmal mit unter einem bestimmten Betrachtungswinkel optisch erkennbaren Merkmalen

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US8570586B2 (en) * 2005-05-02 2013-10-29 Digimarc Corporation Active images through digital watermarking
FR2904130B1 (fr) * 2006-07-19 2014-08-15 Advanced Track Et Trace Procedes et dispositifs de securisation et d'authentification de documents
FR2916678B1 (fr) * 2007-06-01 2021-07-16 Advanced Track & Trace Procede et dispositif de securisation de documents
CN103400059B (zh) 2006-07-19 2016-12-28 先进追踪和寻踪公司 保护和验证文件的方法和设备
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0537484A1 (de) * 1991-10-18 1993-04-21 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Aufzeichnungsträger mit farbigen Bildinformationen, insbesondere Wert- oder Ausweiskarte
EP1580025A2 (de) * 2004-03-26 2005-09-28 Hueck Folien Ges.m.b.H Sicherheitsmerkmal mit unter einem bestimmten Betrachtungswinkel optisch erkennbaren Merkmalen

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Publication number Publication date
WO2010094859A3 (fr) 2011-03-17
CN102405140A (zh) 2012-04-04
FR2942334B1 (fr) 2011-02-18
RU2011138308A (ru) 2013-11-20
AU2010215353B2 (en) 2015-07-02
WO2010094859A2 (fr) 2010-08-26
FR2942334A1 (fr) 2010-08-20
EP2398652A2 (fr) 2011-12-28
KR20110124313A (ko) 2011-11-16
AU2010215353A1 (en) 2011-10-13
US8736910B2 (en) 2014-05-27
JP2012517921A (ja) 2012-08-09
CN102405140B (zh) 2015-08-19
BRPI1008450A2 (pt) 2016-02-23
US20120033264A1 (en) 2012-02-09

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