EP2404152A2 - Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de fluides - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de fluides

Info

Publication number
EP2404152A2
EP2404152A2 EP10716614A EP10716614A EP2404152A2 EP 2404152 A2 EP2404152 A2 EP 2404152A2 EP 10716614 A EP10716614 A EP 10716614A EP 10716614 A EP10716614 A EP 10716614A EP 2404152 A2 EP2404152 A2 EP 2404152A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
branch
measuring chamber
chamber
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10716614A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Dantler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2404152A2 publication Critical patent/EP2404152A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
    • G01N1/2211—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling with cyclones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
    • G01N1/14—Suction devices, e.g. pumps; Ejector devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
    • G01N15/0255—Investigating particle size or size distribution with mechanical, e.g. inertial, classification, and investigation of sorted collections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING SYSTEMS, e.g. PERSONAL CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/075—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by optical means

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel methods and corresponding measuring and analyzing devices which are contained in a fluid, ie a gas, gas mixture, e.g. Air or in a liquid impurities or particles measure.
  • a fluid ie a gas, gas mixture, e.g. Air or in a liquid impurities or particles measure.
  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for particle separation, wherein in a gas or a liquid containing a particle mixture, target particles having predetermined properties are separated from residual particles. The target particles themselves are analyzed or measured.
  • the invention allows by a novel cooling the use of radiation sources with very high power, as they are necessary for the measurement of a few particles or smallest impurities.
  • An extended electrical measuring range allows the determination of small but also larger deposits of particles and impurities.
  • a novel user interface simplifies the commissioning of such devices.
  • a first problem area concerns particle separation or particle separation.
  • particles with a certain size of importance and only these should get into a measuring chamber ie the initially existing particle mixture must be separated according to certain particle properties. This particle separation proves to be difficult, especially when it comes to mixtures of microscopic particles. This is explained by some examples.
  • the detection and measurement of the smallest amounts of fire aerosol particles is considered, as occurs in so-called intake smoke detection (ARM, Aspirating Smoke Detector, ASD).
  • intake smoke detection ARM, Aspirating Smoke Detector, ASD
  • air of the room to be monitored is sucked in via a pipe system.
  • This pipe system consists of one or even several tubes and is in the total length usually between 10m and 200m long. It has at a distance of about 4m suction openings of a diameter of about 2-6mm.
  • a warehouse, an IT data center, a production area or an electrical switchgear, etc. can be monitored.
  • the measuring chamber in the device then measures the presence of fire aerosol particles and gives an alarm when a certain preset value has been reached.
  • a light emitting diode LED
  • a laser diode LD
  • a xenon lamp or the like
  • other components e.g. optical lenses, one or more photoelectric sensors and / or an amplifier circuit are located.
  • Another way of detecting fire aerosol particles is to use an ionization chamber.
  • particle separation here means the separation of the particles according to predetermined particle properties, whereby the separated particles also remain in principle in the fluid, ie in separate volumes of the fluid.
  • particle separation is understood to mean the removal of the undesired particles from the fluid.
  • One method is sedimentation by gravity, centrifugal force or redirection as e.g. used in cyclones.
  • the devices are relatively large and usually expensive to manufacture, which limits their use as wall or table units.
  • particle deposition is not good enough in certain applications and especially in the micrometer range.
  • the problem lies here in principle, since a separation of particles for the measurement is actually not necessary. Only these or certain particles may not reach the measuring range, but they may remain in a current outside the measuring range. These devices intend to separate the particles from a gas, and thus all the fluid would subsequently be free of these contaminants. Larger particles can remain in the main stream. It is sufficient if the fluid is diverted only a small amount, which is free from impurities. Particle separation or precipitation is not necessary at all and thus, for example, emptying and cleaning the cyclone or a filter replacement, etc.
  • the particles are electrostatically charged and deflected in an electric field.
  • Disadvantages here are the additional necessary electrical components and the moisture sensitivity of this variant, which limits their use.
  • the occurrence of undesired, e.g. larger particles can also be determined by means of an additional, for example, optical measuring method.
  • additional, for example, optical measuring method is that the measuring chamber is contaminated especially by the larger particles, more electrical components are needed and the setting and calibration of the device is associated with additional effort.
  • the fouling of the measuring chamber can also be accepted and electrical or electronic measures used to correct the measurement results. If the measuring optics picks up particles during operation, ie dusty, their sensitivity is reduced. To compensate for this, the sensitivity of the measuring system is electronically corrected or readjusted. This electronic readjustment is called “drift compensation". For example, over time the Speech behavior designed more sensitive, since it is assumed that the optical components (dirt) receive particles, so less light enters the measuring chamber and the measuring sensor. Whether pollution actually arises or whether it is stronger or less, is irrelevant to the so-called “planned”, ie pre-set compensation. However, this results in the serious disadvantage of this drift compensation, namely that the measurement behavior and thus also the response of the device, eg the fire detector, changes in the course of operation and this change does not correlate with the actual sensitivity or the degree of contamination.
  • a second area of concern concerns particulate deposits in the measuring chamber, in particular on the measuring optical or electronic devices. These devices are in an area that is separate from the medium, i. the gas or liquid is flowed through. As soon as additional parts or the necessary openings are inserted into the measuring chamber or the flow area, e.g. Lenses, sensors, radiation sources, etc., create unevenness such as joints, openings for the radiation source or the sensor. These result in turbulence of the flowing medium, which in turn leads to deposits of particles in mostly undesirable places.
  • a known method for preventing this is to filter virtually all particles, including the target particles, out of the medium by means of a separate upstream fine filter and thus virtually to produce a pure fluid. This then flows both via the radiation source and via the sensor; It prevents particles from precipitating on these two parts or in their areas. Later, this pure gas gets back into the main stream.
  • the disadvantages of a filter have been before explained. Its degree of soiling and clogging can not be determined, and therefore not when the filter clogged and thus the gas / air supply is reduced or blocked in the measuring chamber. For example, the consequences can be fatal for a fire detector if a fire hazard is detected too late or not at all.
  • the present invention has set itself the task, the o.g. Disadvantages of the known methods and devices in relation to the first problem area to avoid and to ensure a simple and reliable separation of the measurement of certain particles in a fluid.
  • This object is achieved by means of measures and devices as defined in the patent claims, with advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention being apparent in particular from the dependent claims.
  • the particle separations according to the invention described below are improved separation processes which are distinguished by high throughput, high selectivity and cost-effective production and avoid the disadvantages of the above-mentioned present-day processes.
  • the abovementioned problem of deposits in the measuring chamber, in particular on the optical or electronic devices used for the measurement is eliminated or at least reduced.
  • the separation generally reduces the particle content of the medium to be measured, which generally prevents the penetration of larger particles into the measuring range and reduces the contamination of the components such as the radiation source and / or the sensor.
  • the possibly still depositing, smaller target particles represent a significantly lower impairment.
  • a third problem area in the measurement and analysis methods and devices discussed here relates to the light or radiation source which is arranged in or on the measuring chamber and with the aid of which the actual measurement is carried out.
  • This radiation source must emit a corresponding power, for example emitting light in the visible range, in order to enable the detection and measurement of very small amounts of very small particles.
  • the problem here is that the radiation source must provide a high radiant power and this as constant as possible over a long service life. For this purpose, operation in a corresponding, narrow and usually low temperature band is essential. Only in this way can it be ensured that the maximum possible lifespan is achieved.
  • Heat sinks are arranged so that the heat generated by the light or radiation source is dissipated to the environment. In this case, of course, a corresponding heat sink is necessary, which in turn must be placed in the device or outside. This requires on the one hand structural effort, on the other hand it makes the device unwieldy.
  • the light or radiation source is operated pulsed, eg with 1 Hz or less.
  • the light source generates less heat and the cooling performance can be reduced.
  • the radiation source is placed in the fluid flow for cooling.
  • this method has the disadvantage that particles which are in the fluid stream can be precipitated at the radiation source. This in turn reduces the emitted radiation power, which can be radiated into the measuring chamber. If, on the other hand, the radiation source is placed in a region with reduced fluid flow, then the cooling capacity may not be sufficient, which in turn reduces the service life of the radiation source.
  • the present invention has set itself the task, the o.g. Disadvantages of the known methods and devices also to avoid in relation to the third problem area. This object is achieved by means of measures and devices as defined in the patent claims, with advantageous embodiments and applications of the invention appearing in particular from the dependent claims.
  • the arrangement of the cooling device for the radiation source for measuring and analyzing devices shown here is suitable for avoiding the mentioned disadvantages of the known arrangements and for maintaining a constant, high radiation power over a long period of time. It is also characterized by a simple construction and thus cost-effective production.
  • a fourth problem area relates to the size or bandwidth of the electrical measuring range of measuring and analysis devices of the type described here.
  • a radiation source such as an LED, laser diode (LD), xenon lamp, etc.
  • a highly sensitive photoelectric sensor with an electrical amplifier circuit measures the radiation haze or radiation reflection caused by particles in the medium in the measuring chamber.
  • the signal amplification takes place via a plurality of transistors connected in series (Darlington circuits) or operational amplifiers.
  • EP 0733894 shows a possible solution to this problem.
  • a sensor reduces the drive current supplied to the light source to lower the sensitivity of the device to a lower level.
  • the disadvantage here is that this control is complicated and not necessarily linear, because of the control of the light source up To the sensor, which receives the signal are too many components, which adversely affect their tolerances, aging, etc., a linear measurement result.
  • Another possibility is to change the gain of one or more amplifiers connected in series.
  • resistance values determine the gain
  • the disadvantage here is that it must be switched, either manually or electronically, the latter in turn requires additional components.
  • the circuit according to the invention which amplifies the output signal of the sensor, has a very large amplification range without requiring manual switching and allows an automatic display of a very wide range of measured values. It is characterized by a simple structure and thus cost-effective production.
  • the fifth problem area in connection with analysis and measuring devices of the type mentioned is the interface for the basic setting and the commissioning of such a device, in particular a fire detector. It There is no need for a special fantasy that the incorrect setting of a fire alarm can have catastrophic consequences.
  • a suction device As already described, often devices are used for the detection and measurement of impurities in air or other gases, which sucks in samples via a piping system by means of a suction device, feed them to a measuring chamber and evaluate them there.
  • the piping system is i.d.R. between 10m and 200m long and usually has several suction openings, often with an opening diameter of 2-6mm.
  • the devices for the detection of fire aerosols are called aspirating smoke detectors (ARM or ASD for Aspirating Smoke Detector) and are widely used.
  • the sensitivity of the measuring chamber or its evaluation in% opacity / m set. For example, often 0.5% light haze / m is set on the device on delivery.
  • the required setting value must be determined and the setting must be corrected. However, this itself does not say whether the device setting is a normal, high or highest sensitivity, or how fast, e.g. a fire hazard is detected.
  • a field technician When setting, a field technician must first determine the desired target per intake. If you want to achieve a response that is comparable to a conventional point detector, so for example, 5% light haze / m is selected. The technician must either know this value by heart or look up or ask for it. In the worst case, in the worst case, smoke only reaches a single intake opening with fire aerosols; in all other intake openings, only (pure) air still passes without fire aerosols. If the pipe system now has a certain number of suction openings, the desired target value per suction opening must be divided by the number of suction openings. The result of the division must then be set on the device.
  • the present invention provides a simple and practical solution by proposing an arrangement in which only the number of suction holes must be entered. This simple process is hardly error-prone and therefore leads to a largely safe start-up especially of fire detectors (aspirating smoke detectors).
  • FIGS. 2a-2c three embodiments for a particle separation
  • FIGS. 3a-3c show further embodiments for a particle separation, wherein FIG. 3a is a plan view and FIGS. 3b and 3c show schematic views of two embodiments;
  • Fig. 5 shows an example of the arrangement of shields
  • Fig. 6 shows an example of a multi-range amplifier circuit
  • FIGS. 8a-8b show two embodiments of adjusting devices.
  • the particle separation described below is characterized by a high throughput, a high selectivity and a cost-effective production and avoids the disadvantages of the above-mentioned, known methods.
  • the basic idea is to carry out a particle separation in advance in a fluid or air system in such a way that only the desired target particles reach the actual measuring chamber.
  • Fig. 1 shows as an example a fire alarm system.
  • the piping system 11 consists of one or more pipes and each thereof has at least one, usually a plurality of suction openings 14.
  • a pressure difference or negative pressure which is generated by a suction device, such as a fan 13, causes the inflow of air, which thus flows from the suction via the piping to the fire detection device 12.
  • a branching chamber 24 In the latter there is a branching chamber 24. This separates the particles in the intake air and only that part with the desired target particles reaches the measuring chamber 15. This then measures the particle occurrence.
  • the air with all particles leaves the fire alarm device 12 via the housing output 29.
  • the device has an interface 16, which for example displays measurement data or status information, provides adjustment or data transmission options.
  • FIG. 1 shows, so to speak, the basic structure.
  • FIG. 2 a shows a first example of the particle separation process according to the invention, in which the particle separation according to the invention takes place by acceleration and subsequent deceleration.
  • the inlet channel 20 here a pipe reaching into the actual branching chamber 24, the pipe system shown in FIG. 1 is connected. Due to the narrow tube cross-section, which has a smaller inside diameter than the connected (not shown here) pipe system, there is an acceleration of the incoming air.
  • the inlet duct 20 terminates in the lower region of the branching chamber 24.
  • the air flowing out of its inlet opening 25, the total flow retains the direction, but reduces the speed because of the cross-sectional enlargement of the branching chamber in the delay region 30 and the resulting possibility of expansion.
  • the delay of the larger particles contained in the main stream is smaller than that of the smaller particles, essentially as a result of the ratio of mass to surface of the particles.
  • the smaller particles are deflected easier.
  • the negative pressure prevailing in the branching chamber 24 is caused on the one hand via the measuring chamber outlet 31, measuring chamber 15 and measuring chamber inlet or measuring chamber branch 26a, on the other hand via the outlet channel 22, wherein the pressure ratios are set so that the slower, smaller particles in the secondary flow to the measuring chamber branch 26a, which is shown here at the other end of the branch chamber 24.
  • the measuring chamber branch 26a can also be located closer to the delay region 27, as shown in FIG. 2c.
  • There is also another exit angle ⁇ at the Meßcrottingarangeist, here about 90 degrees, shown, the z. B. may be an obtuse angle of about 135 degrees, ie an acute angle relative to the main stream 21st
  • the now calmed side stream 28 with the smaller target particles passes to the measuring chamber 15.
  • This secondary stream 28 is considerably smaller than the total stream 21 in the inlet channel 20.
  • a particular advantage is the arrangement of the Meßschalede Trent 26a at a considerable distance from the delay region 30 on the outer wall of the branch chamber 24. This calms namely the flow and enters the branch channel 32a calmed, which is for the subsequent measurement in the measuring chamber 15 as advantageous proves.
  • the inlet opening 25 of the inlet channel 20 can be designed as a nozzle, preferably with one clear cross section, which is about half the size of the clear cross section of the inlet channel 20.
  • outlet opening 27 of the delay region 30, which forms the entrance of the outlet channel 22, so as a funnel-shaped inlet, that it opposes the main stream 23 as low as possible resistance.
  • the measuring electronics In the measuring chamber 15 are the measuring electronics and the required, eg optical components. After the secondary stream 28 has flowed through the measuring chamber 15 with the target particles, this arrives at Messttingauslass 31, where it is merged with the main stream 23 again. Together they then go to the intake, the fan 13 and subsequently to the housing output 29th
  • FIG. 2b illustrates a variation of the design shown in FIG. 2a.
  • a critical feature of the invention is the delay region 30 in which the expansion of the incoming total fluid flow 21 occurs.
  • the branch chamber tapers in the direction of flow of the total flow 21, at least in the delay region 30 up to the outlet opening 27. The first partial flow with the target particles from the delay region 30 thus flows at an angle y to the measuring chamber branch 26b.
  • the measuring chamber branch 26b is designed differently than in Fig. 2a.
  • the adjoining branch channel 32b to the measuring chamber 15 is at least approximately circular arc-shaped and has the radius r.
  • the length transition is carried out without edges, in order to avoid air turbulence and pressure losses.
  • the angle ⁇ and / or the distance from the delay region 30 to the measuring chamber branch 26b are also varied in the design. If only very small particles in the inflowing fluid 21 are to be the target particles, the distance from the delay region 30 to the measuring chamber branch 26b becomes greater and / or the angle ⁇ smaller, e.g. 10 degrees, chosen.
  • the separation of particles smaller than 10 ⁇ m may not get into the measuring chamber 15 and thus must remain in the main stream. This is necessary, for example, for the detection of fire aerosol particles, since these are smaller than 10 ⁇ m, depending on the type, course and time of the measurement.
  • the ratio between the width or the length of the delay region 30 must be 2: 1 or 1/5 of the tube diameter. Messers at the inlet opening 25 amount.
  • the ratio of the distance from the inlet opening 25 to the measuring chamber branch 26b to the pipe diameter of the inlet channel 20 is approximately 1: 1, wherein the angle ⁇ should be less than 20 degrees. This embodiment is shown in Fig. 2b.
  • FIG. 2 c shows a further embodiment, in which also larger particles of the inflowing fluid 23 belong to the target particles.
  • both the delay region 30 itself is different, in particular narrower and shorter, and the distance from the delay region 30 to the measuring chamber branch 26c is smaller.
  • the angle ⁇ less than 90 degrees, e.g. 70 degrees, to be chosen.
  • the particle separation is essentially determined by the following factors:
  • a significant advantage of the device described is the cost-effective production of the branching chamber, since this can have virtually any shape, both round and square or rectangular can be, which makes the production relatively simple.
  • the Fign. 3a to 3c show further examples of the particle separation process according to the invention.
  • the particle separation takes place by centrifugal forces.
  • the medium may be a liquid, but also a gas or gas mixture such as air, in short a fluid.
  • a particle separation can also be achieved by a rotational movement and the associated centrifugal force.
  • the particle-containing fluid is offset by suitable flow guidance in a rotational movement, which act on the heavier and usually larger particles centrifugal forces that have a movement of these particles radially outward. The larger particles are thus pushed to the edge and in the middle of the fluid are the smaller particles. So-called cyclones use this process for separating solid and liquid particles.
  • FIGS. 3a to 3c of which Fig. 3a is a plan view, the other two figures represent schematic sectional views.
  • a container 54 which here represents the branching chamber 50, has an inlet opening 53, a measuring chamber branch 55 and a downwardly narrowing outlet opening with an adjoining outlet channel 62; the latter are shown in FIGS. 3b and 3c can be seen.
  • the fluid 52 flows tangentially through the inlet opening 53, which may be formed, for example, as a slot inlet.
  • the arrangement of the inlet channel 51 and the container forces the fluid now in a circular path 56, ie in a rotary flow.
  • the heavier particles which are usually also the larger ones, will move to the outer wall of the container as a result of the centrifugal forces acting on them.
  • the Messcrouche Trent is arranged, which consists of a tube 68 with an opening 64. Due to the existing pressure difference, a small amount of the fluid 65 now flows through the opening 64 of the measuring chamber branch and subsequently arrives in a measuring chamber 15. There, the quantity or number of smaller or lighter target particles is measured. Heavier particles do not get into the measuring chamber. The heavier particle mainstream fluid 63 flows downwardly, accelerated by the negative pressure generated by the fan 13. Bottom of the container 50 has a narrowing outlet channel 62, in which the flow rate of the fluid increases. At this point, the measurement chamber outlet is additionally arranged laterally, in which the required negative pressure is produced by the high flow velocity of the exiting main stream 63.
  • the container 60 may on the one hand be cylindrical, as shown in Fig. 3b.
  • a conical container as shown in Fig. 3c can be used.
  • the radius 71 decreases in the direction of the flow 63, which results in an increase in the flow velocity of the fluid with the particles.
  • a so-called helical inlet is used when the fluid flows perpendicular to the outlet opening.
  • the particle separation is essentially determined by the following factors:
  • the above-mentioned third problem area in the measurement and analysis methods and devices discussed here relates to the light or radiation source arranged in or on the measuring chamber.
  • the necessary cooling is to be considered, on the other hand, the pollution occurring during operation by deposition of particles. Both influence the power of the radiation source and thus the accuracy of the measurement or analysis.
  • the Fign. 4 and 5 show by way of example a solution according to the invention which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • FIG. 4 shows three views of a light source arranged on a plate, eg a printed circuit board 80, here an LED 81.
  • This printed circuit board with the LED is shown in FIG. 4 in the front view 80a, side view 80b and in the rear view 80c.
  • the reference numbers are repeated in FIG. 5.
  • the underside of the circuit board 80 acts as a heat sink and is therefore coated with a temperature-conductive material 82.
  • a temperature-conductive via 83 allows the heat flow from the light source to the temperature-conductive material 82.
  • the heat of the light source reaches the back of the circuit board and can be from there or forwarded.
  • the backside of the printed circuit board 80 - that with the temperature-conductive material 82 - is placed in the main stream 86 of the medium or fluid.
  • M.a.W. the useless main flow of the fluid serves to cool the light or radiation source required for the particle measurement in the secondary flow.
  • FIG. 1 A solution according to the invention is shown in FIG. There, the radiation source 81 emits its radiation through an opening 84 into the measuring chamber 15.
  • Radiation haze or reflections caused by presence of particles, their existence in the medium or fluid can be detected and measured. This is done by means of a sensor 86a for measuring radiation reflections and / or a sensor 85b for measuring the radiation haze, i. for transmission measurement. Both measurements can also be made.
  • a fluid flow 86 In order to ensure a lasting and sufficient cooling, a fluid flow 86 must be present. Should this fail - because, for example, the suction device 13 is defective - this would adversely affect the life of the radiation source. Thus, the flow or the intake device should be monitored, which can be done by means of a monitoring circuit 87. This gives the driver current for the Light source free as long as the suction device is running and generates a corresponding fluid flow,. Should the aspirator fail or malfunction, the monitoring circuit disables or reduces the drive current. Overheating of the radiation source 81 is thus prevented. The monitoring circuit can display this state on a local display or transmit this information to an external display.
  • Shield 88 is located directly in front of the radiation source 81; the shield 88a in front of the sensor 85a for the reflection measurement and the shield 88b in front of the sensor 85b for the transmission measurement.
  • the shields are fixed by the brackets 90, 90a and 90b.
  • the shields extend to the entrance or the beginning of the measuring chamber, where the fluid flows. They must have a length that gives rise to possible turbulence at the beginning of the shield and not in the measuring range. This turbulence is caused by the shields themselves and the necessary brackets, which inevitably arise bumps, joints, openings, etc., which cause by swirling the deposition of particles in these areas. However, this is outside the measuring range and therefore has no influence on the measurement. 2.
  • the measuring components such as the radiation sources, sensors, lenses, etc., must be covered. In these areas, the shields must not be interrupted.
  • the shields extend downstream past the area used for the measurement. Any unevenness, joints,
  • the shielding 89 in front of the radiation source 81 reduces the amount of radiation which is emitted into the measuring range
  • the shield in front of the sensor reduces the amount of radiation which reaches the sensor, but this effect remains constant over the service life, since no particles are deposited here.
  • the device can now be calibrated accordingly in the production and then has constant measuring sensitivity during the entire operating time. A recalibration is unnecessary.
  • Fig. 6 shows this amplifier circuit.
  • the IC1 receives the very small input signal 100 from one sensor, with a few mV or mA or less. This can be, for example, the output signal of a photodiode. This very small signal must now be amplified accordingly in order to be able to process it further. It is picked up at the output 103, where it is usually amplified to several volts.
  • a plurality of operational amplifiers connected in series are usually used.
  • the amplification is determined by the ratio of coupling resistance to the input resistance.
  • the gain of the IC1 is determined by R2 / R1, the gain of the IC2 by R4 / R3 and that of the IC3 by R6 / R5.
  • the signal is split after the first amplifier stage IC 1.
  • the output signal of the IC 1 is fed both to the IC2 as input signal 101 (and later through the IC3 to the output 103) and to the IC4 as input signal 102.
  • the gain is determined by the ratio R8 / R7, but chosen that the IC4 has a lower gain than IC2 and IC3 together.
  • the IC3 saturates, but not the IC4. Consequently, a measurement signal which is related to the input signal 100 is then still present at the output 104 of the IC4.
  • the input signal 100 is amplified by the factor 10E3 to the output 103 and by the factor 10E2 to the output 104.
  • the column T100 represents the value of the input signal 100
  • the column T103 the value of the output 103
  • the column T104 the value of the output 104. All values are in mV and it is assumed that the operational amplifier is from 10'00OmV, ie from 10V, in saturation. Up to an input value of 10mV, the output 103 has a higher resolution than the output 104. However, due to the saturation, higher input values can no longer be represented at the output 103. From here on then the signal of the Output 104 accessed, which can still represent input signals up to 10OmV.
  • the signal may e.g. be brought from the output 103 by means of a converter 105 to a first bar graph display 107 for display. This indicates the low particle values.
  • the signal of the output 104 is, e.g. also displayed via a converter 106 on a second bar graph display 108. This then indicates the larger particle concentrations.
  • the two displays 107 and 108 can be provided with the corresponding voltage specifications in mV from 1 to 10 or from 10 to 100. These can represent any other values or even omitted.
  • the two outputs 103 and 104 can be fed via an analog-to-digital converter in a microprocessor, where the output signals are further processed. A representation may then be made on a local display on the device and / or transmitted over a data link to display the signal on an external display or process it, e.g. in a computer system.
  • a novel setting interface according to the invention prevents errors and reduces the time required for commissioning a fire detector and similar devices.
  • devices 12 are used for the detection and measurement of impurities in gases and gas mixtures, in particular air, which are conveyed via a pipeline system 11 by means of a suction device 13 Aspirates gas samples and this feeds a measuring chamber 15, where they are evaluated.
  • the piping system is usually between 10 and 200m long and usually has several suction openings 14.
  • FIGS. 8a, 8b and 9 Details are shown in FIGS. 8a, 8b and 9, which will be explained below.
  • the number of suction holes is set, which is e.g. by means of a first key 121, which increases the number of suction holes by one each upon pressing, and optionally a second key 123, which reduces the number of suction holes by one each when pressed, and an acknowledgment or confirmation key 122 which determines the input procedure completed.
  • This display does not necessarily have to be on the device. It can be designed both as a portable device with a connector, as well as a software solution that runs on a PC and is transmitted via data interface to the device.
  • FIG. 8b another setting option is shown.
  • a so-called DIP or DIL switch 124 arranged on a printed circuit board has e.g. 12 small switches. If e.g. Switch # 10 is ON / ON position and all others are OFF, then you set 10 intake ports.
  • the triggering and alarm threshold is calculated by default for a target value of eg 5% light turbidity / m for each suction opening.
  • a target value eg 5% light turbidity / m for each suction opening.
  • the first line 130 contains the target value per intake opening.
  • the number of suction holes is listed in column 131.
  • the result is calculated by dividing the target value per intake port by the number of intake ports. This result is then displayed in column 132. For example, with eight suction openings and the standard target value per suction opening of 5% light turbidity / m, the measuring chamber must trigger an alarm at a light turbidity value of 0.63.
  • Fig. 9 shows two more settings. With a target value of 8% haze / m for each aspiration opening, the triggering of an alarm would be delayed, whereas the triggering would occur earlier at a target level of 2% haze / m for each aspiration opening. This is shown in columns 133 and 134. Of course, further and other gradation values are possible.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des procédés et dispositifs pour un appareil de mesure et d'analyse mesurant des impuretés et/ou des particules dans un gaz, notamment de l'air. Dans une étape de séparation de particules, des particules cibles ayant des propriétés prédéfinies sont séparées de particules restantes d'une manière nouvelle, dans un gaz ou un mélange gazeux tel que l'air ou un liquide, c.-à-d. un fluide, contenant un mélange de particules, et la présence et/ou le nombre de particules sont déterminés dans une chambre de mesure. Le refroidissement de type nouveau des sources de rayonnement nécessaires à la mesure permet l'utilisation de sources de rayonnement de grande puissance nécessaires à la mesure d'un faible nombre de particules ou d'impuretés infimes. L'extension, également nouvelle, de la zone de mesure électrique permet la mesure de petits et de grands nombres de particules et d'impuretés. Une nouvelle interface simplifie par ailleurs la mise en oeuvre de l'appareil.
EP10716614A 2009-03-05 2010-03-03 Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de fluides Withdrawn EP2404152A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009011846.2A DE102009011846B4 (de) 2009-03-05 2009-03-05 Analyseverfahren und -geräte für Fluide
PCT/IB2010/000436 WO2010100549A2 (fr) 2009-03-05 2010-03-03 Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de fluides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2404152A2 true EP2404152A2 (fr) 2012-01-11

Family

ID=42270068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10716614A Withdrawn EP2404152A2 (fr) 2009-03-05 2010-03-03 Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de fluides

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8813540B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2404152A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009011846B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010100549A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8624745B2 (en) * 2011-03-16 2014-01-07 Honeywell International Inc. High sensitivity and high false alarm immunity optical smoke detector
DE102011082942A1 (de) * 2011-09-19 2013-03-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Detektion in einem Gas enthaltener Partikel
HUP1500115A2 (en) 2015-03-17 2018-02-28 Brg Radiotechnikai Gepgyar Kft Device and method for collecting samples
WO2017101038A1 (fr) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-22 Honeywell International Inc. Systèmes, procédés et dispositifs pour détecter une matière particulaire
US10094776B2 (en) * 2016-07-18 2018-10-09 Honeywell International Inc. Dust sensor with mass separation fluid channels and fan control
EP3494560B1 (fr) 2016-08-02 2020-06-10 Finsécur Détecteur de fumée, de gaz ou de particules, système et procédé de détection de fumée, de gaz ou de particules
FR3054915B1 (fr) * 2016-08-02 2020-01-17 Finsecur Detecteur de fumee, de gaz ou de particules, systeme et procede de detection de fumee, de gaz ou de particules
JP6905832B2 (ja) * 2017-02-10 2021-07-21 Ｊｆｅアドバンテック株式会社 液体分析システムおよび液体分析方法
US11906404B2 (en) * 2017-03-24 2024-02-20 Signature Science, Llc Aerosol and vapor enhanced sample module
DE102017215465B4 (de) * 2017-09-04 2022-12-08 Mahle International Gmbh Klimaanlage eines Fahrzeugs und Fahrzeug damit
JP2019148501A (ja) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-05 日本碍子株式会社 流体用センサ
DE102018205502A1 (de) * 2018-04-11 2019-10-17 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Untersuchung einer Flüssigkeit und Waschmaschine
DE102018207441B4 (de) 2018-05-15 2022-08-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Analysieren der in einem Betriebsfluid einer Vorrichtung enthaltenen Partikel sowie Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
CN109444010A (zh) * 2018-12-13 2019-03-08 美时美克(上海)汽车电子有限公司 一种激光型空气质量检测模块的气道结构
ES2932701T3 (es) * 2019-12-23 2023-01-24 Carrier Corp Detector de puntos para sistema de alarma contra incendios
DE102020002041A1 (de) * 2020-04-01 2021-10-07 Palas Gmbh Partikel- Und Lasermesstechnik Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen von Partikeln eines Aerosols
US11580836B2 (en) * 2020-07-30 2023-02-14 Carrier Corporation Smoke detector with integrated sensing
DE102020128684A1 (de) * 2020-10-30 2022-05-05 Heinzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Ölnebeldetektor zur Detektion und/oder Analyse von Öl-Luftgemischen mit einer optischen Messanordnung sowie zugehörige Verfahren
DE102020008198B4 (de) * 2020-10-30 2024-12-24 Heinzmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Ölnebeldetektor zur Detektion und/oder Analyse von Öl-Luftgemischen mit Bypass und zugehöriges Verfahren
US12281974B2 (en) 2020-11-06 2025-04-22 Carrier Corporation Air quality and particulate detection system
JP7134391B2 (ja) * 2021-02-03 2022-09-12 ホーチキ株式会社 煙検知装置
CN113310856B (zh) * 2021-05-26 2022-08-26 常熟理工学院 一种热振试验用热流发生器的颗粒物生成方法及装置
CN114755056A (zh) * 2022-03-22 2022-07-15 北京北排水环境发展有限公司 一种新型污水沉积物采样装置及使用方法
US20250271336A1 (en) * 2022-04-22 2025-08-28 Siemens Mobility GmbH Apparatus for detecting a fire in a vehicle
EP4530611A1 (fr) 2023-09-28 2025-04-02 Wagner Group GmbH Unité de détection de particules avec capteur de débit d'air intégré et système de détection de particules d'admission
EP4531016A1 (fr) 2023-09-28 2025-04-02 Wagner Group GmbH Unité de détection de particules avec chambre de détection et élément de guidage d'écoulement
KR102881375B1 (ko) * 2024-08-11 2025-11-07 프로테고 주식회사 공기흡입형 화재감지 장치 센서모듈
KR102881379B1 (ko) * 2024-08-29 2025-11-06 프로테고 주식회사 공기흡입형 화재감지 장치 센서모듈용 필터장치
KR102881376B1 (ko) * 2024-08-29 2025-11-06 프로테고 주식회사 공기흡입형 화재감지 장치 센서모듈용 센싱장치

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009015178A1 (fr) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Honeywell International Inc. Appareil et procédé de détection de fumée

Family Cites Families (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2033466A (en) * 1931-11-11 1936-03-10 Kidde & Co Walter Selective smoke detector
US3334516A (en) 1964-03-16 1967-08-08 Millipore Corp Continuous fluid purity monitor
US4035788A (en) * 1976-01-15 1977-07-12 Celesco Industries Inc. Incipient fire detector
US4223559A (en) * 1978-05-09 1980-09-23 Brunswick Corporation Apparatus and methods for detecting an incipient fire condition
DE3430264A1 (de) 1984-08-17 1986-02-27 Me Meerestechnik-Elektronik Gmbh, 2351 Trappenkamp Vorrichtung zur bestimmung des schwebstoffanteiles von wasser
US5481357A (en) * 1994-03-03 1996-01-02 International Business Machines Corporation Apparatus and method for high-efficiency, in-situ particle detection
US5412975A (en) 1993-11-12 1995-05-09 The Regents Of The University Of California Universal inlet for airborne-particle size-selective sampling
JPH08130428A (ja) * 1994-10-28 1996-05-21 Sony Corp 可変利得増幅器
EP0733894B1 (fr) 1995-03-24 2003-05-07 Nohmi Bosai Ltd. Capteur pour détection des particules fines comme fumée
CA2284870C (fr) 1997-03-17 2003-11-25 Tsi Incorporated Systeme de detection de composants fluorescents dans des aerosols
JP3376540B2 (ja) * 1997-09-01 2003-02-10 株式会社日立製作所 液晶プロジェクタ
DE10124280A1 (de) 2001-05-23 2002-12-12 Preussag Ag Minimax Selbstansaugende Brandmeldeeinrichtung
US6688187B1 (en) * 2002-09-10 2004-02-10 The Regents Of The University Of California Aerosol sampling system
US7724367B2 (en) 2003-10-23 2010-05-25 Siemens Schweiz Ag Particle monitors and method(s) therefor
DE602004025626D1 (de) 2003-11-21 2010-04-01 John S Haglund Virtual impactor mit umfangsschlitz für die konzentration von aerosolen
DE102004004098B3 (de) 2004-01-27 2005-09-01 Wagner Alarm- Und Sicherungssysteme Gmbh Verfahren zur Auswertung eines Streulichtsignals und Streulichtdetektor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US7536914B2 (en) * 2005-07-18 2009-05-26 The Johns Hopkins University Sensor for detecting arcing faults
US7796255B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2010-09-14 Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. Optical particle sensor with exhaust-cooled optical source

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009015178A1 (fr) * 2007-07-24 2009-01-29 Honeywell International Inc. Appareil et procédé de détection de fumée

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110314902A1 (en) 2011-12-29
DE102009011846B4 (de) 2015-07-30
US8813540B2 (en) 2014-08-26
WO2010100549A2 (fr) 2010-09-10
WO2010100549A3 (fr) 2010-11-11
DE102009011846A1 (de) 2010-09-16

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE102009011846B4 (de) Analyseverfahren und -geräte für Fluide
DE10307805B4 (de) Weitbereich-Teilchenzähler
DE69020533T2 (de) Partikelfühler mit parallellauf durch mehrere löcher.
DE102011115768B4 (de) Gaszähler
DE19955362A1 (de) Streulichtdetektor
DE69319184T2 (de) Flüssigkeitsverschmutzungfühler
EP1176414A2 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour déterminer des paramètres physiques collectifs des particules dans les gaz
DE2050672C3 (de) Durchflußküvette zur mikroskopfotometrischen Messung von in einer Flüssigkeit suspendierten Teilchen
EP3492900B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif de dilution d'un aérosol
DE3042622C2 (de) Vorrichtung zur Überwachung der Geschwindigkeit und des Durchsatzes von Strömungen
DE2134937C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von in einer Flüssigkeit suspendierten Teilchen
WO2008113505A1 (fr) Détecteur de particules pour des milieux liquides ou gazeux en écoulement
EP3112845B1 (fr) Procédé d'analyse optique in situ d'un gaz de mesure
DE3318339C2 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Proben
DE102010042700B4 (de) Detektion und Ortsbestimmung eines Brandes mit einem Doppelrohr-Ansaugrauchmelder mit gemeinsamer Detektoreinheit
EP1331475B1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif d'examination de la distribution des tailles et de la concentration de particules dans un fluide
DE102020002041A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen von Partikeln eines Aerosols
DE10011581C2 (de) Einrichtung zur Registrierung fliegender Feststoffpartikel
WO2025068490A1 (fr) Unité de détection de particules comprenant une chambre de détection et un élément de guidage d'écoulement
DE102008005692B3 (de) Gerät zur Messung der Wasserhärte
DE102006048919B4 (de) Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Partikelbeladung und des Volumenstromes eines Fluidstromes
EP1685912A2 (fr) Dispositif de mesure destiné à la détermination du comportement par rapport à la poussière de systèmes dispersés
WO2025068492A1 (fr) Unité de détection de particules avec capteur de flux d'air intégré et système de détection de particules à aspiration
DE3113710C2 (de) Verfahren zum Messen der Form langgestreckter Teilchen sowie Vorrichtung zu seiner Durchführung
DE2906981C2 (fr)

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20111005

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK SM TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20150921

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20161108