EP2407251B1 - Transducteur à ultrasons électromagnétique - Google Patents

Transducteur à ultrasons électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2407251B1
EP2407251B1 EP11005723.9A EP11005723A EP2407251B1 EP 2407251 B1 EP2407251 B1 EP 2407251B1 EP 11005723 A EP11005723 A EP 11005723A EP 2407251 B1 EP2407251 B1 EP 2407251B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rows
permanent magnets
ultrasonic transducer
along
coil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP11005723.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2407251A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Niese
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/04—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with electromagnetism

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, in particular for receiving linearly polarized shear waves, so-called SH ultrasonic waves, from an electrically conductive workpiece, with a magnetization unit, which provides a side facing the workpiece, along at least two middle or immediate arranged side by side rows each having a number n permanent magnets such that the side facing and the permanent magnet assignable magnetic polarities alternate along a row periodically with a period length corresponding to a track wavelength ⁇ S , as well as with an RF coil assembly, each along the at least two rows assignable, mutually parallel conductor portions which are enforceable in the opposite direction of electricity.
  • a magnetization unit which provides a side facing the workpiece, along at least two middle or immediate arranged side by side rows each having a number n permanent magnets such that the side facing and the permanent magnet assignable magnetic polarities alternate along a row periodically with a period length corresponding to a track wavelength ⁇ S , as well as with an RF coil assembly, each along the at least two
  • Electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers are used for coupler-free coupling and decoupling of ultrasonic waves in or from workpieces, for example. For non-destructive thickness measurement or material examination to determine material inhomogeneities in the form of cracks or material dancer.
  • the excitation as well as the reception principle on which the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducers are based is based on the interaction between an electromagnetic that is close to the surface of the workpiece High frequency field and this superimposed, static or quasi-static magnetic field.
  • an electrical coil of predetermined number of geometries and turns which is acted upon near the surface by a HF current pulse / burst signal, eddy currents are induced within the so-called skin depth of the electrically conductive workpiece close to the workpiece surface whose area distribution is mirror image of the geometry of the electric coil assembly.
  • an elastic wave which propagates close to the surface of the workpiece generates, in the presence of a magnetic field proportional to the displacement of the elastic shaft, an electric field which induces a proportional electrical voltage in the way of inductive coupling with an electric coil resting on the workpiece surface. which serves as a detection signal for the ultrasonic wave within the workpiece.
  • the occurring voltage signal levels are typically in the range of a few microvolts, so that it requires a strong and low-noise preamplification of the electrical voltage signals for reliable Signalaus- and assessment, which are also subject to narrowband possible electrical filtering to generate evaluable ultrasonic wave signals.
  • the impedance of the electrical coil of an EMUS converter which is particularly suitable for the reception of ultrasonic waves, high-impedance designed to generate the highest possible level of the induced voltage signals from the ultrasonic signals.
  • the electrical coil used is due to their electrical inductance also other electromagnetic Receive signals that originate from externally inductively acting electromagnetic signal sources and as such affect the reception and detection of ultrasonic waves in a disturbing way. All, of the electric coil inductively converted into electrical voltage signals received signals, ie both useful and noise, go through the same gain and filter chain, so that a distinction between interfering and useful signals is not readily possible.
  • From the DE 42 23 470 C2 is a based on the above-described principle of coupling agent-free coupling and decoupling of ultrasonic waves in or out of a workpiece based ultrasonic probe, with which it is possible to produce linearly polarized both horizontally and vertically polarized transverse waves.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement which generates an inhomogeneous magnetic field in the near-surface region of a workpiece with a spatial direction oriented perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement consists of individual, adjacent permanent magnet strips with each of the workpiece surface facing periodically alternating, magnetic polarities.
  • a permanent magnet arrangement with a plurality of each arranged in rows and in shape and size identically formed single permanent magnets whose magnetic polarities alternately alternate along a row periodically.
  • the individual permanent magnets, each arranged in a row are arranged offset to one another in the immediately adjacent row by half the width of a single permanent magnet.
  • EMUS converters of which two variants in the FIGS. 2a, b are shown schematically, each showing the workpiece facing side of the magnet assembly M and the RF coil assembly HF.
  • FIG. 2a In the embodiment in FIG. 2a are along two rows R 1 and R 2 permanent magnets 1 arranged such that the workpiece facing magnetic polarities in sequence along the rows R 1 , R 2 periodically alternate (see N for magnetic north and S for magnetic south).
  • An in Fig. 2a thus illustrated magnet assembly M imprints in a workpiece an inhomogeneous static magnetic field with a track wavelength ⁇ s , which is determined by the period length, ie the extension of two permanent magnets along a row.
  • an RF coil assembly HF arranged, each with along the at least two rows R 1 and R 2 and mutually parallel conductor sections L 1 , L 2 , each of which in the opposite direction of current enforceable (see current arrows).
  • the arrangement of permanent magnets 1 in each case four subdivided and juxtaposed rows R 1 to R 4 before.
  • the RF coil assembly HF is formed such that the conductor sections L 1 to L 4 in each case along the rows R 1 to R 4 are enforceable in the opposite direction of current.
  • the RF coil arrangement is divided in this case into two interconnected partial coils T1 and T2.
  • the invention has for its object to provide an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, in particular for receiving linearly polarized horizontal shear waves, so-called SH- ultrasonic waves, from an electrically conductive workpiece with a magnetization unit, which provides a side facing the workpiece along the in at least two medium - or directly juxtaposed first rows each have a number n first
  • Permanent magnets is mounted such that the side facing and the respective first permanent magnet assignable magnetic polarities alternate along a row periodically with a period length corresponding to a track wavelength ⁇ s , and an RF coil assembly with each along the at least two first rows assignable, mutually parallel conductor sections, which are enforceable in the opposite direction of current, in such a way that an effective suppression of Störsignalan turnover is possible without significantly increasing the design effort for the realization of the ultrasonic transducer and to complicate.
  • the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer assembly with two separately trained RF coil assemblies, each of which can be assigned to a dividable into two rows permanent magnet arrangement, wherein the adjacent arranged permanent magnet arrays are arranged offset in series longitudinal extension by half a track wavelength ⁇ s relative to each other, it is possible to satisfy the phase condition for the ultrasonic signals, namely relative phase of 180 °, as well as for the interference signals, namely relative phase of 0 °.
  • the interfering signals cancel each other out with a relative phase angle of 0 °
  • the ultrasonic signals are each added with a relative phase angle of 180 °, whereby their associated voltage amplitude can be doubled.
  • the above signal evaluation can also be performed numerically in the context of a computer-based evaluation unit by the received ultrasonic and interference signals are digitized and added inversely with a numerical adder.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows the bottom side view of a magnetization unit M with a corresponding RF coil assembly HF, which is placed on the surface of a to be examined, consisting of electrically conductive material workpiece (not shown).
  • the magnetization unit M is composed of a multiplicity of individual permanent magnets 1 of identical design and size, the end faces of which are in FIG. 1 a are shown with the specified magnetic polarities N, S.
  • the magnetization unit M can be located in the in Fig. 1 Divide a illustrated embodiment in two permanent magnet arrangements P 1 and P 2 .
  • the permanent magnet arrangement P 1 has two rows R 1 and R 2 , along each of which a number n of the first single permanent magnets 1 are arranged.
  • the magnetic polarities of the end face-ending first Einzelpermanentmagnete 1 alternate periodically (see this N for magnetic north and S for magnetic south).
  • the respectively directly adjacent first single permanent magnets 1 in the rows R 1 and R 2 ie, the line by line juxtaposed single permanent magnets, in this case also have an opposite magnetic polarity.
  • the permanent magnet arrangement P 1 is associated with a receiving coil ET 1 , which provides in series longitudinal extension two mutually parallel conductor sections L 1 and L 2 , which in the Fig. 1 a removable opposite to each other flow direction (see direction arrows) are flowed through.
  • a second permanent magnet arrangement P 2 is provided, which likewise provides an identical number n of second permanent magnets 1 along two rows R 3 and R 4 , wherein the permanent magnet arrangement P 2 relative to the permanent magnet arrangement P 1 by the width of a permanent magnet. 1 , ie offset by half the period length or by half the track wavelength ⁇ s .
  • FIG. 3a is a perspective view of the magnet assembly according to Fig. 1 a shows that it is formed by the solution according staggered arrangement of the first permanent magnets along the rows R1 and R2 relative to the second permanent magnet along the rows R3 and R4 n + 1 rows, to which the first and / or second permanent magnets in the following
  • n 7 permanent magnets are arranged in each of the rows R1, R2, R3, R4.
  • n + 1 equal to eight lines, of which in the n first row only second permanent magnets from the rows R3 and R4 and in the n + 1 equal eighth row only first permanent magnets from the rows R1 and R2 are arranged.
  • rows of n equal to two to n equal to seven, respectively first and second permanent magnets of rows R1, R2, R3, R4 are arranged.
  • the design and arrangement of the permanent magnet arrangement P 2 associated with the receiving coil ET 2 (see Fig. 1a ) is simulated according to the receiving coil arrangement ET 1 .
  • the electrical connections E 1 and E 2 of the respective receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 are connected to the inverting or non-inverting input of a differential amplifier, not shown.
  • the remaining two terminals of the receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 are at a common electrical potential, the ground potential.
  • the ultrasound signals received with the aid of such an EMUS converter arrangement are, by design, received with a phase shift of 180 ° in the receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 , whereas the interference signals in two receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 no phase difference, ie relative phase of 0 °, have.
  • the received signals After addition of the received signals with a differential amplifier thus the interfering signals average away completely, leaving only ultrasound signal components.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio can be significantly improved without having to make a metrologically significant additional effort.
  • FIG. 1b an alternative embodiment of an EMUS receiving transducer designed according to the invention is shown, which provides for interleaving the above-described permanent magnet arrangements P 1 and P 2 with the associated receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 .
  • FIG. 3b shows a perspective view in this regard.
  • the row R 4 of the second permanent magnet arrangement P 2 according to the in Fig. 1 a illustrated and described training.
  • the row R 3 of the permanent magnet arrangement P 2 connects. From the perspective view in FIG. 3b
  • the associated to the permanent magnet arrays P 1 and P 2 receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 are, as nested or overlapping arranged and designed such that their respective conductor sections L 1 to L 4 are assigned to the respective rows R 1 to R 4.
  • the terminals E1, E2 of the receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 are connected to the inverting or non-inverting terminal of a differential amplifier.
  • the other two connections are connected to the same potential, the ground potential.
  • the spatially more compact structure and in particular the substantial overlap of the receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 , by the localized noise in both receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2nd can be received approximately with the same amplitude and phase.
  • the dashed dividing line is indispensable.
  • both receiving coils ET 1 and ET 2 in shape, design and winding sense and the periodic magnet arrangement for both permanent magnet arrangements P 1 and P 2 are constructed identically or symmetrically.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique, en particulier pour réceptionner des ondes de cisaillement horizontales polarisées linéairement, des dénommées ondes ultrasonores SH, issues d'une pièce usinée électroconductrice, avec
    - une unité de magnétisation (M) qui prévoit un côté tourné vers la pièce usinée le long duquel est mis en place - en au moins deux premières rangées (R1, R2) disposées indirectement ou directement côte à côte - respectivement un nombre n de premiers aimants permanents (1) de manière à ce que les polarités magnétiques orientées vers le côté et pouvant être affectées aux premiers aimants permanents (1) respectifs alternent périodiquement le long d'une rangée (R1, R2) avec une longueur de période correspondant à une longueur d'onde de trace λs tout comme également le long d'un agencement de juxtaposition ligne par ligne, et
    - une installation de bobine HF (HF) disposée sur le côté tourné vers la pièce usinée de l'unité de magnétisation (M) avec des sections de conducteur (L1, L2) s'étendant parallèlement les unes par rapport aux autres pouvant être respectivement affectées le long des au moins deux premières rangées (R1, R2), lesquelles sections peuvent être traversées par du courant dans des directions opposées les unes des autres,
    caractérisé en ce que le long d'au moins deux deuxièmes rangées (R3, R4) disposées indirectement ou directement côte à côte, respectivement un nombre n de deuxièmes aimants permanents (1) est mis en place de manière à ce que les polarités magnétiques orientées vers le côté et pouvant être respectivement affectées aux deuxièmes aimants permanents (1) alternent périodiquement le long d'une deuxième rangée (R3, R4) avec une longueur de période correspondant à la longueur d'onde de trace λs tout comme également le long d'un agencement de juxtaposition ligne par ligne, en ce que des sections de conducteur (L3, L4) s'étendant parallèlement les unes par rapport aux autres d'une autre installation de bobine HF sont respectivement disposées le long des au moins deux deuxièmes rangées (R3, R4), lesquelles sections peuvent être traversées par du courant dans des directions opposées les unes des autres, et
    en ce que les au moins deux deuxièmes rangées (R3, R4) avec respectivement les n deuxièmes aimants permanents (1) sont disposées avec un décalage d'une demi longueur d'onde de trace λs à côté des au moins deux premières rangées (R1, R2) avec les n premiers aimants permanents en formant n+1 lignes de manière à ce que dans la deuxième ligne jusqu'à la ligne n-1 se trouvent respectivement des premiers et deuxièmes aimants permanents issus respectivement des premières et deuxièmes rangées et à ce que dans la première ligne se trouvent exclusivement des premiers aimants permanents et dans la ligne n+1 exclusivement des deuxièmes aimants permanents.
  2. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon la revendication 1, les n premiers et deuxièmes aimants permanents (1) disposés dans les premières et deuxièmes rangées (R1, R2, R3, R4) étant respectivement réalisés de manière identique concernant la forme et la taille.
  3. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, les deux premières rangées (R1, R2) étant disposées directement l'une à côté de l'autre, et
    les deux deuxièmes rangées (R3, R4) étant disposées directement l'une à côté de l'autre et jouxtant directement l'une des deux premières rangées (R1, R2).
  4. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, les premières et deuxièmes rangées (R1, R2, R3, R4) avec respectivement les n aimants permanents (1) étant respectivement disposées de manière imbriquée, c'est-à-dire avec un ordre alterné, respectivement de manière directement juxtaposée les unes aux autres.
  5. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, les installations de bobine HF (ET1, ET2) pouvant être affectées aux premiers et deuxièmes aimants permanents (1) prévoyant respectivement au moins un enroulement de bobine continu avec respectivement les deux sections de conducteur (L1, L2, L3, L4) s'étendant parallèlement l'une par rapport à l'autre, et étant respectivement réalisées de manière identique concernant la forme, le nombre d'enroulements et le sens d'enroulement.
  6. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, un amplificateur différentiel étant prévu avec un raccordement inverseur et un raccordement non inverseur,
    les installations de bobine HF (ET1, ET2) disposant respectivement de deux raccordements de ligne,
    un raccordement de ligne de l'une des installations de bobine HF étant raccordé au raccordement inverseur et un raccordement de ligne de l'autre installation de bobine HF étant raccordé au raccordement non inverseur, et
    les autres raccordements de ligne respectifs des deux installations de bobine HF étant reliés ensemble ou bien se trouvant sur le même potentiel électrique.
  7. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, les installations de bobine HF (ET1, ET2) disposant respectivement de deux raccordements de ligne,
    un raccordement de ligne de l'une des installations de bobine HF et un raccordement de ligne de l'autre installation de bobine HF étant raccordés à un convertisseur A/N, lequel est raccordé à une unité d'évaluation numérique qui additionne respectivement de manière inverse les parts de signal des deux raccordements de ligne, et
    les autres raccordements de ligne respectifs des deux installations de bobine HF étant reliés ensemble ou bien se trouvant sur le même potentiel électrique.
  8. Transducteur ultrasonore électromagnétique selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 7, le transducteur ultrasonore servant de récepteur ultrasonore et les installations de bobine HF représentant respectivement des bobines réceptrices (ET1, ET2) dont les sections de conducteur (L1, L2, L3, L4) orientées parallèlement les unes aux autres sont orientées en direction de propagation du son.
EP11005723.9A 2010-07-15 2011-07-13 Transducteur à ultrasons électromagnétique Not-in-force EP2407251B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010027250A DE102010027250A1 (de) 2010-07-15 2010-07-15 Elektromagnetischer Ultraschallempfänger

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2407251A1 EP2407251A1 (fr) 2012-01-18
EP2407251B1 true EP2407251B1 (fr) 2013-06-05

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US (1) US8806949B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2407251B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010027250A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106706753B (zh) * 2016-11-30 2023-09-29 中国特种设备检测研究院 差分式电磁超声传感器及检测系统
CN106694346B (zh) * 2016-12-28 2022-08-05 南京航空航天大学 一种低噪声的收发一体电磁超声换能器及其工作方法
CN117147685A (zh) * 2017-03-02 2023-12-01 奎斯特综合股份有限公司 用于腐蚀映射的电磁声换能器(emat)
DE102019206993B4 (de) * 2019-05-14 2021-03-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur zerstörungsfreien Prüfung an über den Umfang von Bauteilen umlaufenden Wandungen
CN110487908B (zh) * 2019-07-24 2020-08-14 大连理工大学 一种基于阵列磁铁电磁超声的弹性常数测量方法
CN110496768B (zh) * 2019-09-03 2020-12-22 厦门大学 一种可消除电磁干扰的双线圈电磁超声换能器
CN114189122B (zh) * 2021-12-10 2024-04-30 歌尔股份有限公司 振动装置及电子设备

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US4232557A (en) * 1979-04-23 1980-11-11 Rockwell International Corporation Periodic magnet unidirectional transducer
DE4223470C2 (de) 1992-07-16 1995-10-05 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Ultraschall-Prüfkopf
US5581037A (en) * 1992-11-06 1996-12-03 Southwest Research Institute Nondestructive evaluation of pipes and tubes using magnetostrictive sensors
DE4303293C1 (de) * 1993-02-05 1994-03-24 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Elektro-magnetischer Ultraschallwellenwandler
DE19543481C2 (de) * 1995-11-22 1997-10-23 Pipetronix Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Prüfung von ferromagnetischen Materialien
ATE310589T1 (de) * 2000-07-07 2005-12-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Elektromagnetischer ultraschallwandler
EP2146204B1 (fr) * 2008-07-16 2011-02-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé et dispositif destiné à l'évaluation de signaux de réception obtenus lors d'une éxamination ultrasonore et nondestructive d'un échantillon

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US20120014222A1 (en) 2012-01-19
US8806949B2 (en) 2014-08-19
DE102010027250A1 (de) 2012-01-19
EP2407251A1 (fr) 2012-01-18

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