Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
  • C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
  • C04B26/28—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
  • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
  • C04B2111/00482—Coating or impregnation materials
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing a building material, such as paint, coating of boards, plaster, especially clay plaster, or the like, from water and from raw materials, wherein as starting materials at least loam and / or clay and fibers and / or sand are used.
• a building material such as paint, coating of boards, plaster, especially clay plaster, or the like
• the invention relates to a premix of starting materials for later mixing with at least one additional starting material and water for producing a building material, such as paint, coating of boards, plaster, in particular clay plaster, or the like.
• the invention relates to a building material, such as paint, coating of slabs, plaster, especially clay plaster, or the like, from raw materials, wherein the building material starting materials having a lower grain size and starting materials having an upper grain size and wherein the starting materials at least loam and / or Clay as well as fibers and / or sand are.
• a building material such as paint, coating of slabs, plaster, especially clay plaster, or the like
• Clay plaster is produced as a dry mixture of mainly sands with clay, clays and small amounts of biogenic fibers.
• a disadvantage of the previous production of clay plaster is that the sand used is washed industrially, which leads to the fact that fine particles of sand are lost.
• the chemical binders adversely affect other properties of the clay plaster, such as e.g. Processability or water binding capacity.
• a building material mixture of unfired clay and / or clay, of fibers and other additives and a method for producing such a building material mixture is known from EP 0 903 328 B1.
• the building material is produced by mixing clay and / or clay, fibers and other additives in a single-stage mixing process to form the building material.
• a disadvantage of this single-stage mixing process, in which fibers and loam and / or clay are mixed together in the direct production of building materials, is that the fibers can be used only in a certain state and with certain properties for the production of the building material. According to the teaching of EP 0 903 328 B1 only fibers in the order of 5 to 15 mm can be used.
• the size of the fibers and their properties have a direct effect on the properties of the building material. Since the fibers have so far only limited possible states could be used, could subsequently be obtained only resulting building materials with correspondingly limited properties.
• the invention is based on the object that a building material can be produced which does not have the disadvantages of the prior art.
• the invention can be applied to paints, coatings of boards, plasters or the like, it is also an object of the invention to be able to obtain the widest possible range of properties of these building materials due to the fibers used.
• existing grain types of a first starting material are determined, that the existing grain types are compared with a predetermined distribution, that missing or insufficiently available grain types are determined and that a further starting material containing at least the missing or insufficiently present grain types partially, is mixed with the first starting material.
• the grain shape can be determined as the type of grain.
• sand can be divided into five conformations. These can be between sharp-edged (a) and strongly rounded (e).
• another starting material eg also correspondingly prepared quartz sand, can be added for producing the building material which has these particle shapes.
• the particle size in particular in the form of a particle size distribution and / or the grading curve, can also be determined as the type of grain.
• the indication of the grading curve is in the form of a graph with logarithmic grain size on the x-axis and the amount in wt.% On the y-axis. Those grain sizes which are not or not adequately covered by the first starting material are compensated by addition of a further starting material, which was optionally treated separately in this respect.
• clay consists of sand (> 0.63 ⁇ m), silt (> 2 ⁇ m) and clay ( ⁇ 2 ⁇ m).
• silt > 2 ⁇ m
• clay ⁇ 2 ⁇ m
• building materials such as e.g. Clay plasters necessary to aim for a closed grading curve from 0 to 2 mm, which can be represented with the mathematical model of optimal cavity filling (if possible, all diameters of grains lead to the greatest possible space filling).
• the particle size distribution should ideally be from 0 to 2 mm for fine plaster and from 0 to 4 mm for coarse plaster.
• the sand used for the preparation of plaster, in particular quartz sand, as the first starting material has hardly any shares between 0 and about 63 microns, since these fines, which interfere with lime plaster, are washed out during industrial washing.
• Industrially washed and screened sand for preparing plaster has a grain size mainly from about 63 microns to 2 mm (for fine plaster) and from about 63 microns to 4 mm (for coarse plaster) on.
• the invention in particular determined whether in the first starting material particles with particle sizes of 0.1 .mu.m to 0.1 mm, in particular up to 63 microns are present. If this is not the case or if there are insufficient particles with the desired grain sizes in this range, fines having a corresponding particle size of from 0.1 ⁇ m to about 63 ⁇ m are added to the first starting material.
• the required fines can make up for example about 18% by weight of the building material mixture.
• a fines clay in particular unfired clay, and / or clay and / or silt and / or fibers, in particular a pulp, are preferred. Clays can have very small particle sizes between about 0.1 ⁇ m and about 2 ⁇ m.
• Sludge can have particle sizes between 2 ⁇ m and about 63 ⁇ m.
• An essential effect of the invention is that, by determining the grain shape and / or grain size and / or the grain density of at least one first starting material, further starting materials can be selected such that the building material to be produced has a particularly high grain density.
• grain density does not mean the material density of a grain but the bulk density of a starting material or a mixture of starting materials per unit volume. In terms of grain size, this means that the grain density is greater when the larger particles formed between Cavities are filled by correspondingly smaller particles. In terms of the grain shape, this means that, for example, round or very angular grains do not pool so well, so they can not be compacted as well as a mixture of them.
• the achievement of a higher grain density in turn has the effect that the physical stability, which is an essential criterion for example of a real clay plaster, is significantly increased.
• the melting point or aluminum content of the clay is not important, but a mix of swellable crystals and less swellable crystals. These crystals of the receipt of the crystal water is very important and therefore to avoid heating above 120 0 C as the test method, the spectral analysis with which the CEC value (Cation Exchange Capacity), the 4.5 to 5 must be determined suitable becomes.
• the clay should be as free of lime as possible (calcium content ⁇ 1%), otherwise the binding power will be reduced.
• multi-layered clay minerals e.g. Smectite, montmorillonite, verminkulite, etc .
• the function of these multi-layer clay minerals is the increased binding force, the compressive strength and the large specific surface area to ensure the water adsorption capacity (water bound to grain surface) of several 100%.
• the further part by weight should consist of two- and / or three-layer clay minerals, e.g. Illite, kaolite, geodite, etc ..
• the function of these clay minerals is the stabilization of Baustofffes and the lower swelling and shrinkage capacity.
• clay is prepared for use as a further starting material, in particular dried and ground, it must be ensured that the temperature does not exceed 120 ° C, otherwise the water of crystallization will escape.
• the right mixture of fine, medium and coarse materials is important. In the context of the invention, therefore, it is also determined how the particle sizes in the first starting material particles in the range of about
• the first starting material is a further starting material having a particle size of about 0.1 mm to about 2 mm or added to about 4 mm. This is preferably as another
• Starting material fibers in particular a pulp, and / or sand and / or clay used.
• the fibers used in the invention preferably have one
• Length (the length of the fibers is understood as their grain size) from 1 ⁇ m to 3 mm. They can also have a length of 4 mm or more.
• the further starting material added to the first starting material can be prepared, in particular dried and / or ground, to the particle sizes of the missing or insufficiently present particle sizes.
• the starting materials together have a water content of less than 5 wt .-%, in particular less than 3, 5 wt .-%, on.
• the building material they are mixed with water.
• the fibers used may be vegetable fibers, preferably purely biogenic fibers, in particular typha, hemp, flax, kenaf or nettle fibers, and / or synthetic fibers.
• fillers and / or binders selected from the group consisting of starch, corn cob, straw, reed, silicic acid, minerals, animal hair, marble sand, iron oxide, pigments or other mineral or organic substances may be used as additional starting material.
• dispersants can also be used as additional starting material.
• starting materials can be mixed directly with the first starting material after the determination of missing or insufficient existing grain types of the first starting material (for example Knauf PTF G4 / G5 cleaning machines).
• a premix comprising loam and / or clay as well as fibers and / or sand can be prepared, which contains starting materials which at least partially have the missing or insufficiently present grain types.
• This premix is mixed in a later step with the first starting material, in particular sand and / or clay, for producing the building material.
• the starting materials are still mixed with water.
• the premix according to the invention (also called premix) contains in particular starting materials having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m to about 2 mm or up to about 4 mm.
• the length of the fibers which is understood as the grain size of the fibers, is in particular between 1 ⁇ m to 3 mm. They can also have a length of 4 mm or more.
• the premix has as a technical process advantage that the fibers are easier to handle. It has been shown that comminuted fibers can be better distributed in a premix, which leads to a more uniform water conductivity of the building material produced later, eg a clay plaster. With such a premix fiber conditions and properties can be achieved, which can not be achieved in a one-stage mixing process, ie when bringing together clay and / or clay with fibers in the direct production of eg building materials. By appropriate storage and stockpiling of the premix can at a later date depending on the requirement immediately and flexible different building materials, paints, plasters or the like can be produced.
• the premix according to the invention accordingly has the advantage that it allows a particularly wide range of properties of the building material to be achieved on the basis of the fibers used.
• the premix has the advantage that a particularly high grain density of the building material to be produced can be effected.
• the masterbatch according to the invention can be used for the industrial production of building material mixes, plasters and paints, using e.g. Building material mixtures with different novel properties allows and / or enhances existing properties.
• Building material mixtures with different novel properties allows and / or enhances existing properties.
• further materials, especially sand and water, can be added and mixed with the premix.
• premix worldwide available industrial sand, washed as stated above and therefore from a particle size of approx.
• a high-quality building material e.g. a clay plaster
• a high-quality building material e.g. a clay plaster
• Grain size of particular smaller than 63 microns are mixed.
• certain missing or insufficiently available molds can also be supplemented.
• the weight proportion of the premix can only make up about 2 to 5%, preferably 3%, of the building-product mixture (without water), with sand about 84% and clay about 13% of this weight turn off.
• Natural building materials often have a predominantly proportion by weight (for example more than 80) of sand, which is why the production of natural building materials then takes place either in the vicinity of a large amount of sand or requires an expensive transport of sand. Since just no sand is absolutely necessary for the production of the premix according to the invention, the premixing can take place independently of logistical problems relating to sand processing.
• the fibers can be introduced into the premix, for example, with an already small order of magnitude, or can be comminuted only during the mixing with loam and / or clay during the preparation of the premix.
• vegetable fibers preferably purely biogenic natural fibers (in particular typha, hemp, flax, kenaf, nettle fibers or similar biogenic fibers) are used.
• further possible fillers such as starch, corn kernels, straw, reeds, silicic acid, mineral substances or animal hair can be added to the premix.
• Typhafasern can be processed into a pulp with a fiber length of 1 micron to 3 or 4 mm. The pulp is mixed with clay and / or silt and sand (cable sand). If silt is already added with cable sand, then only the fibers and the clay are mixed.
• certain fibers may swell by admixture with dispersing aids.
• the fibers thus change their properties in a targeted manner (for example an increase in tear resistance).
• synthetic fibers, substances / components / constituents can also be used for the premix, this type of premix not being used for natural building materials based on sand, but for final mixtures of building materials, plasters and paints based on lime, cement or gypsum (or similar) is used.
• mixers as well as cutting and / or separating and / or abrassion and / or grinding tools can be used to produce the premix.
• a dissolver mixer For the preparation of the premix, a dissolver mixer can be used, which provides the possibility of an automatic supply of several (suitable for automatic processing substances). These substances can be weighed individually or in succession and dosed into the mixing area. Furthermore, a manual input with weighing cell, as well as a flange for the supply of an air-fiber stream can be provided.
• a machine could be used for the production, which is a kind of mixer (horizontal or vertical runner), Planetendissolvermischer, shredder, mixer or the like.
• the raw materials, fibers, flasks, clay, etc. are simultaneously, in a certain order or in intermediate stages in the mixing tank filled (container volume goes from about 5Ol to 20001). Subsequently, the ingredients in the container by rotating tools (eg horizontally and / or vertically running blades, pancake, cutter heads or the like) are mixed and optionally crushed, the rotational speed of slow running to high-speed can be regulated.
• rotating tools eg horizontally and / or vertically running blades, pancake, cutter heads or the like
• the cut pistons in contrast to the aforementioned single-stage mixing process for producing a building material completely pre-weighed and added.
• the rotating blades equally disintegrate the pistons and seeds, the fiber length being defined here by the type of comminution tools used (e.g., pancake, cutterhead, etc.) as well as the duration of processing.
• the fiber length and the processing time are directly related depending on the fiber type.
• the addition of clay and / or clay or other materials into the mixing vessel is either by automatic feed (e.g., via auger or blowing in material) or by hand.
• each ingredient is weighed prior to addition or mixing vessel to ensure the ratio of components.
• the ingredients of the premix are first recorded accurately in terms of weight and thus allow an exact dosage of the additives in the final product (the building material, plaster, paint or the like).
• the application of the finished mixture (or an intermediate step) via a lock is by means of a suitable device (conveyor belt, screw conveyor, blowing, etc.) discharged and stored in a suitable container.
• a suitable device conveyor belt, screw conveyor, blowing, etc.
• a premix produced in this way may have, for example, the following properties:
• the consistency of the premix ranges from cotton or fleece-like (with larger fiber length) to granular or powdery (in "crushing or smashing the fiber").
• the premix can also be produced in pasty form.
• the premix is storable.
• a pure pulp is produced in powder form, with or without additives as a premix.
• the ratios of the weight proportions in the premix of loam and / or clay: fiber may for example be between 0.8: 1 and 10: 1, with any additives or fillers not here are considered.
• a variety of mixing ratios is possible.
• the specific optimization of the premixes improves the properties of the final mixture (building materials, plasters and paints) (eg improvement of elasticity, drying speed, adhesive properties on the substrate, prevention of cracking, etc.).
• material properties of the end product are changed or intensified which can not be achieved with the previous single-stage mixing operations.
• Premix (natural fiber, loam, clay, etc.) remains the building biology property.
• the ingredients of the premix are varied, and produced by different methods. It is particularly noteworthy that for a building material final mixture which represents a 100% biogenic and biodegradable natural product, also for the premix only ingredients are used that meet this requirement.
• a major component of such a premix is the natural fiber.
• the Typhamaschine is mainly used, but other fibers can be used or added such as hemp, bast, reed, or the like.
• the Typhamaschine is either added to the mixture as aerosol from the flask (required if the fiber length of up to 20mm is to be preserved as far as possible - cotton or flax-like consistency), or else adhering to the flask (predominantly at the production of short fiber premixes possible - granular or fine, powdery consistency).
• clay - which in turn is a mixture of clay minerals and silt.
• the clay minerals two and multi-layered clay minerals
• the silt are selected. If, as is customary in the industrial production of building materials, plaster and paints, fractionated and washed sand is used for the final mixture, the proportion of silt in the clay must be increased in order to improve the adhesive properties of the final mixture. If suitable sand (with sufficient silt content) is used for the final mixture, then the addition of silt in the premix can be dispensed with and pure clay minerals can be used.
• premix is used for paints
• further additives, fillers and binders may be added, such as:
• Starch e.g., corn or potato starch
• Both the long fiber and short fiber premixes are produced in a mixer (e.g., a dissolver).
• the rotating mixing tool is moved either vertically or with a planetary gear through the substances to be mixed.
• the peripheral speed of the mixing tool can be about 5 - 50 m / s.
• the introduction of the materials is either automatic, e.g. via screw conveyors, wherein the mixer is designed as a load cell, or by hand.
• the premix is discharged or aspirated from the mixer via a bottom flap (or gate).
• corresponding blenders or shredders could be used for this purpose.
• the fiber length also plays a role here.
• the fiber length is determined by the type and duration of the mixing process or an upstream comminution process. Fiber lengths from 1 ⁇ m to 200mm can be processed or produced.
• the fibers used in the invention preferably have a length of 1 .mu.m to 3 mm. They can also have a length of 4 mm or more.
• quartz sand is sometimes added. Its abrasive property enhances the comminution of the fiber during the mixing process.
• the duration of the mixing time directly affects the fiber length.
• a blunt mixing tool may be used, e.g. at a peripheral speed of e.g. 10 to 20m / s is moved through the material. Care should be taken to add the fibers first, then the clay.
• the mixing tool mixes and mixes the fibers and clay into a flowing cloud.
• the clay used should have a high content of clay minerals and low silt content.
• Premix Tvpe cotton wool.
• silt can also be omitted
• the fiber is poured into the mixing container.
• clay and silt are added in the specified ratios and the container is sealed.
• a mixing tool e.g. a pancake for 3 to 5 minutes (at a
• Fibers, clay minerals and silt are filled in the specified ratios in the mixing container and the container sealed.
• a sharp mixing tool (knife head, disc knife, etc.) is moved in the material.
• the mixing time for a batch size of approx. 35 kg. is about 20 to 150 seconds.
• the peripheral speed of the tool can be 20 to 30 m / s.
• the fibers are comminuted to a size of about 0.5 to 3 mm.
• Fibers, clay minerals and silt as well as the optional additives are filled in the specified proportions in the mixing container and the container sealed.
• For the mixing process is preferably a sharp mixing tool
• the mixing time for a batch size of approx. 35 kg. can be about 1/2 to 3 minutes.
• Circumferential speed of the tool is 25 to 40 m / s.
• the fibers are comminuted to a size of about 1 micron to 1 mm.
• Premix Type Coating powdered 2% by weight of fiber (Typhamaschine on the flask)
• Fibers, clay minerals and marble sand as well as the optional additive are filled in the specified proportions in the mixing container and the container sealed.
• a sharp mixing tool (knife head, disc knife, etc.) is moved in the material.
• the mixing time for a batch size of approx. 35 kg. can be about 1/2 to 3 minutes.
• the peripheral speed of the tool may be 20 to 30 m / s.
• the fibers are comminuted to a size of about 0.2 to 1 mm.
• Premixing can be a predominantly physically bound building material, in particular a clay plaster, produce, which has a continuous particle size distribution. This causes directly better processability, longer water-binding capacity or better subsequent wettability and better processability and better physical stability.
• a significant advantage of the building material according to the invention is that it has a particularly high grain density, which significantly increases its physical stability.
• the building material starting from about 0.1 .mu.m or 1 .mu.m to about 2 mm (fine plaster) or about 4 mm (rough plaster) has a continuous particle size distribution.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

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• 2010
  • 2010-03-25 EP EP10715083A patent/EP2411343A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-03-25 WO PCT/AT2010/000087 patent/WO2010108208A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2010-04-20 AT AT0802310U patent/AT11689U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

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