EP2450179A1 - Kompressionsformverfahren für pulver und vorrichtung dafür - Google Patents

Kompressionsformverfahren für pulver und vorrichtung dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2450179A1
EP2450179A1 EP10794037A EP10794037A EP2450179A1 EP 2450179 A1 EP2450179 A1 EP 2450179A1 EP 10794037 A EP10794037 A EP 10794037A EP 10794037 A EP10794037 A EP 10794037A EP 2450179 A1 EP2450179 A1 EP 2450179A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particulate matter
punch
impact force
moving
upper punch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10794037A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2450179B8 (de
EP2450179B1 (de
EP2450179A4 (de
Inventor
Hisao Yoshioka
Sigeyasu Ito
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanwa System Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanwa System Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2009158765A external-priority patent/JP5481112B2/ja
Application filed by Sanwa System Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical Sanwa System Engineering Co Ltd
Publication of EP2450179A1 publication Critical patent/EP2450179A1/de
Publication of EP2450179A4 publication Critical patent/EP2450179A4/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2450179B1 publication Critical patent/EP2450179B1/de
Publication of EP2450179B8 publication Critical patent/EP2450179B8/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/04—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with a fixed mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B1/00—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen
    • B30B1/42—Presses, using a press ram, characterised by the features of the drive therefor, pressure being transmitted directly, or through simple thrust or tension members only, to the press ram or platen by magnetic means, e.g. electromagnetic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/027—Particular press methods or systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
    • B30B15/068—Drive connections, e.g. pivotal

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method for carrying out a compression molding of granulated particles of ceramic, metal etc. using an upright pressing apparatus.
  • Particulate material is prepared by mixing binder such as wax into particles of ceramic or metal.
  • the particulate material thus prepared is compressed in a mold of a pressing machine, and then sintered in a furnace to be used as a carbide tip, a precision machinery component and so on.
  • an upper punch and a lower punch of the pressing machine are reciprocated slowly by a crank mechanism or a hydraulic mechanism.
  • friction between the particulate materials is rather high. Therefore, the particulate material cannot be compressed densely by a conventional pressing machine, and density distribution of the particulate materials thus compressed by the conventional pressing machine is not sufficiently homogeneous.
  • Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 One example of a conventional powder pressing machine is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 .
  • a punch is attached individually to an upper and lower rams through a lamination type piezoelectric element, and powder filled in a metal mold is compressed smoothly into a desired shape by applying impact force intermittently. Therefore, the powder pressing machine taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 is capable of resolving the above-explained disadvantages.
  • the impact-type powder pressing machine taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 is shown in Fig. 11 .
  • the powder pressing machine taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 comprises: a frame 1; an intermediate frame 11; an upper ram 2; a ball screw 21 for reciprocating the upper ram 2; a lamination type piezoelectric element 23; an upper punch 3 attached to the upper ram 2 through the piezoelectric element 23; a die 4 fixed to the intermediate frame 11; a lower ram 5; a ball screw 51 for reciprocating the lower ram 5; a lamination type piezoelectric element 52; and a lower punch 6.
  • PZT Piezo-Electric Transducer
  • the piezoelectric element in the prior art.
  • PZT is a ceramic element which is deformed instantaneously by applying driving voltage thereto.
  • the impact force is not oriented to the specific direction. Therefore, the powder pressing machine taught by Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 has to be improved to concentrate the impact force to vertical direction.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found a fact that the impact force cannot be transmitted effectively in the powder material and voids would remain in the powder material, without applying predetermined pressure to the powder material in advance of applying the impact force thereto. Therefore, according to the teachings of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-174596 , the impact force cannot propagate entirely into the powder material to compress the powder material homogeneously.
  • the present invention has been conceived noting the technical problems thus far described, and its object is to compress particulate matter homogeneously without remaining voids therein by applying an impact force effectively to the particulate material.
  • a compression molding method for particulate matter filled in a cavity of a die by an upper punch arranged above the die, or by a lower punch arranged underneath the die characterized by comprising: compressing the particulate matter filled in the cavity of the die to a predetermined pressure by moving the upper punch downwardly or moving the lower punch upwardly; and thereafter further compressing the particulate matter by applying an impact force thereto by actuating an impact force applying means arranged between the upper punch and an upper ram to which the upper punch is attached, or arranged between the lower punch and a lower ram to which the lower punch is attached.
  • a clearance gap created between the particulate matter further compressed by the impact force applying means and the upper or lower punch is eliminated by moving the upper punch downwardly again or by moving the lower punch upwardly again.
  • said compression of the particulate matter to the predetermined pressure by moving the upper punch downwardly or moving the lower punch upwardly is carried out by applying a weight of the upper punch falling gravitationally within a clearance created between a reciprocating mechanism of the upper punch and the upper ram.
  • the compression of the particulate matter to the predetermined pressure by moving the upper punch downwardly or moving the lower punch upwardly, and the further compression of the particulate matter by the impact force applying means, are carried out repeatedly.
  • the impact force applying means includes a magnetostrictive actuator.
  • a stroke of the impact force applying means to further compress the particulate matter is more than twice as an average grain diameter of the particulate matter.
  • an upright compression molding apparatus for particulate matter which is adapted to compress particulate matter filled in a cavity of a die by moving an upper punch arranged above the die downwardly, or by moving a lower punch arranged underneath the die upwardly, characterized by comprising: a magnetostrictive actuator functioning as an impact force applying means, which is interposed at least between the upper punch and an upper ram to which the upper punch is attached, or between the lower punch and a lower ram to which the lower punch is attached.
  • the compression molding apparatus further comprises: a reciprocating mechanism, which is adapted to reciprocate the upper punch.
  • the reciprocating mechanism is engaged with the upper ram while keeping a predetermined clearance thereby allowing the upper punch to fall gravitationally in a vertical direction, and a weight of an assembly including the upper punch and the upper ram is applied to the particulate matter to compress the particulate matter to the predetermined pressure.
  • an internal stress of the particulate matter is reduced by thus applying the impact force to the particulate matter when compressing the particulate matter. Therefore, the compressed particulate matter can be shrunk homogeneously at a subsequent sintering step so that a quality of final product can be improved.
  • an upper punch 3 and a lower punch 6 are individually shaped into a cylindrical shape, and each radius r of those upper and lower punches 3 and 6 is approximately 2 mm. Meanwhile, a cylindrical cavity to which the upper and lower punches 3 and 6 are inserted is formed in a die 4, and a radius of the cavity is also approximately 2 mm. As shown in Fig. 4 , particulate matter is filled in the cylindrical cavity of the die 4 to be compressed as a work W.
  • the lower punch 6 In order to eject the compressed work W from the cavity of the die 4 by moving the lower punch 6 upwardly, the lower punch 6 is required to push the work W by a pushing force P E larger than the friction resistance.
  • the internal stress in the above-formula (2) can be calculated by measuring the pushing force P E , and substituting the measured pushing force P E into the formula (2).
  • the internal stress thus calculated can be used as an index for estimating homogeneity of density in the compressed particulate matter.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing one example of a relation between a moving distance of the lower punch 6 and the pushing force for pushing the work W.
  • the pushing force is increased steeply and proportionally in the beginning of a movement of the lower punch 6, that is, static friction acts between the work W and the cavity in this range. Then, the static friction turns into kinetic friction and the pushing force becomes smaller to a value about half of the pushing force in the range where the static friction is acting.
  • a relation between coefficient of friction and relative speed of the punch changes exponentially as shown in Fig. 6 .
  • such relation is expressed as a diagonal line inclining downwardly toward right side in a single logarithmic plot.
  • coefficient of static friction is indicated at an intersection between a vertical axis and a curved line, that is, at a point where the relative speed of the punch is zero.
  • coefficient of kinetic friction is indicated in a range where the speed of the punch is increasing.
  • a speed of the punch is approximately within a range from 10 to 100 mm per second.
  • a speed of the punch becomes almost 1 meter per second in case of the impact pressing. That is, the friction coefficient under the impact pressing is much smaller than that under a normal pressing.
  • the friction coefficient is varied according to the kind of particulate matter.
  • the inventors of the present application have experimentally found a fact that the friction coefficient of the individual particulate matter will not be changed before and after compressing.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph indicating a relation between a pushing force for pushing the work W and a density of the work W
  • agglomerated particles of tungsten carbide (WC) are used to form the work W.
  • alumina particles are used to form the work W in an example shown in Fig. 7(b) .
  • a grain diameter of tungsten carbide particle is approximately 10 ⁇ m.
  • the particles of tungsten carbide are too fine, and the particles of tungsten carbide are therefore difficult to be filled in the cavity as it is.
  • the particles of tungsten carbide are agglomerated to form a particle of approximately 50 ⁇ m by being mixed with a blinder
  • a broken line represents the relation between a pushing force pushing the work W and a density of the work W under the normal compression molding
  • a solid line represents said relation under the compression molding while applying an impact force.
  • the pushing force cannot be reduced effectively by merely applying the impact force to the work W when compressing.
  • the inventors of the present invention have found a fact that it is preferable to compress the particulate matter to a predetermined pressure by a conventional procedure (that is, by applying a precompression force to the particulate matter), and then applying an impact force to the particulate matter. Otherwise, the impact force cannot be transmitted entirely in the particulate matter, that is, the impact force is applied only to a surface of the particulate matter.
  • a preferable range of the precompression force applied to the particulate matter in advance is 4.9 to 14.7 MPa (50 to 150 kg / cm 2 ) depending on a size of the mold and a kind of the particulate matter.
  • the precompression force applied to the particulate matter is smaller than the above-mentioned range, remaining porosity of the particulate matter thus compressed preliminary is still too large to compress the particulate matter effectively by applying the impact force subsequently.
  • the precompression force applied to the particulate matter is larger than the above-mentioned range, voids in the particulate matter are crushed excessively and it is also unfavorable.
  • a stroke of the punch is also an important factor.
  • an average grain diameter of the particles of ceramic or the like is approximately 50 ⁇ m.
  • a length of the stroke is required to be at least twice as much as the grain diameter, that is, the length of the stroke has to be more than 100 ⁇ m. If the length of the stroke is shorter than 100 ⁇ m, it is difficult to apply the impact force to the particulate matter effectively, like a conventional method for compressing the particles by a static pressure. Therefore, longer stroke is preferable to compress the particulate matter.
  • a magnetostrictive device such as a magnetostrictive actuator is used as the impact force applying means.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator is a rod member whose length is approximately 50 mm, and a coil is wrapped around the magnetostrictive actuator. When the coil is excited, the magnetostrictive actuator is immediately elongated approximately 200 ⁇ m. Therefore, in case of connecting two of the magnetostrictive actuator in series, a total length of the stroke will be 400 ⁇ m. In this case, the impact force to be applied to the particulate matter will be approximately 98MPa (i.e., 1 ton/cm 2 ).
  • PZT can also be used as the impact force applying means.
  • a length of elongation of the PZT is not sufficiently long, e.g., approximately 0.5 ⁇ m per 1mm thickness. Therefore, in this case, some improvement is required to elongate the stroke of the PZT.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view showing a compression molding apparatus according to the first example
  • Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view showing the mold thereof.
  • the compression molding apparatus of the first example comprises: a guide bar 12 for guiding the upper and lower rams 2 and 5 to move longitudinally; a pressure sensor 24 adapted to measure the pushing force; and an magnetostrictive actuator 52 configured to be elongated when exited.
  • the pressure sensor 24 is arranged in an upper punch 3 side.
  • the pressure sensor 24 may also be arranged in a lower punch 6 side depending on the pushing force to be measured.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator 52 is interposed between the lower punch 6 and the lower ram 5.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator 52 may also be arranged in the upper punch 3 side.
  • the magnetostrictive actuator 52 may be arranged in both of the upper punch 3 side and the lower punch 6 side.
  • the lower punch 6 is moved upwardly by rotating the ball screw 51 using a not shown motor thereby closing a cavity of the die 4 from a bottom side, and the particulate matter is filled in the cavity of the die 4 to a level of an upper surface of the die 4. Then, the particulate matter in the cavity is compressed to a predetermined pressure by a static pressure (that is, the aforementioned preferable precompression is applied), by rotating the ball screw 21 in a manner to lower the upper punch 3 using a not shown another motor. Then, impact force or impulse energy is applied to the particulate matter intervening between the upper punch 3 and the lower punch 6 by exciting the magnetostrictive actuator 52.
  • a static pressure that is, the aforementioned preferable precompression is applied
  • the impact force is applied to the particulate matter by applying a voltage to the magnetostrictive actuator 52 instantaneously.
  • a pulse voltage of approximately 300 volt and 100 ampere is applied to the magnetostrictive actuator 52 for 200 ⁇ second by a not shown power source.
  • the above-explained cycle is repeated as necessary, e.g., 10 to 20 times.
  • a spring back amount of the ejected work W thus formed is less than half of that of a work compressed only by a static pressure.
  • the upper punch 3 is lowered to compress the particulate matter to the predetermined pressure by a static pressure.
  • the lower punch 6 is actuated by the impact force applying means to apply an impact force to the particulate matter, and returned to the initial position after approximately 1/10000 second.
  • a clearance is created between a lower end of the compressed particulate matter and the lower punch 6.
  • a volume of the particulate matter thus compressed returns gradually toward an initial volume thereof by a spring back and the aforementioned clearance is thereby narrowed.
  • a static friction is acting between the particulate matter and an inner wall of the cavity. Therefore, the spring back of the particulate matter is delayed by such a high resistance resulting from the static friction.
  • the lower punch 6 has to be moved upwardly to be contacted with the compressed work W at the end of the cycle thereby eliminating the clearance therebetween.
  • Such step of eliminating the clearance by moving the lower punch 6 upwardly is a time-consuming task, and it has to be repeated in every cycle.
  • FIG. 9 is a partial sectional view showing a lower end portion of the reciprocating mechanism and the upper ram 2. Specifically, as shown in Fig. 9 , the upper ram 2 is engaged with a (leading end of) ball screw 21 functioning as the reciprocating mechanism by a stopper 22, and a punch holder 31 holding the upper punch 3 is attached to a lower face of the upper ram 2.
  • the upper ram 2 is engaged with the ball screw 21 at the stopper portion 22 to be pulled upwardly by the ball screw 21.
  • a clearance g is maintained between a leading end face of the ball screw 21 and an upper face of the upper ram 2 thereby allowing the upper ram 2 to move vertically
  • FIG. 8(b) A function of the engaging structure is illustrated schematically in Fig. 8(b) .
  • steps of compressing the particulate matter are illustrated schematically in Fig. 8(b) in chronological order from left to right.
  • the upper punch 3 is lowered to compress the particulate matter by a static pressure to a predetermined pressure. Then, the ball screw 21 is moved upwardly by being rotated inversely to be detached from the upper ram 2.
  • a standby state of the compressing apparatus before carrying out a compression molding is illustrated in Fig. 10 (a) .
  • the upper ram 2 hangs from the leading end of the ball screw 21, and the clearance is created between the leading end of the ball screw 21 and the upper ram 2.
  • the ball screw 21 is moved downwardly to apply a static pressure to the particulate matter as shown in Fig. 10 (b) , and in this situation, the leading end of the ball screw 21 is contacted with the upper ram 2.
  • Fig. 10 (c) the ball screw 21 is rotated inversely to be detached from the upper ram 2.
  • the total weight of an assembly of the ram 2 including the punch holder 31 and the upper punch 3 is applied to the particulate matter by moving the ball screw 21 upwardly within a range of the clearance g. That is, the total weight of the assembly of the ram 2 is the above- explained predetermined pressure to be applied to the particulate matter as the precompression force. If the precompression force is smaller than the above explained preferable range, the weight of the ram 2 is increased.
  • the clearance g maintained between the ball screw 21 and the upper ram 2 allows the upper punch 3 to eliminate the clearance created between the particulate matter and the lower punch 6 as a result of applying the impact force to the particulate matter.
  • a preferable amount of the clearance g is approximately 0.2 mm.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
EP10794037.1A 2009-07-03 2010-06-23 Kompressionsformverfahren für pulver und vorrichtung dafür Not-in-force EP2450179B8 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2009158765A JP5481112B2 (ja) 2009-01-14 2009-07-03 粉体の圧縮成形方法ならびにその装置
PCT/JP2010/060618 WO2011001868A1 (ja) 2009-07-03 2010-06-23 粉体の圧縮成形方法ならびにその装置

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2450179A1 true EP2450179A1 (de) 2012-05-09
EP2450179A4 EP2450179A4 (de) 2013-11-06
EP2450179B1 EP2450179B1 (de) 2016-08-31
EP2450179B8 EP2450179B8 (de) 2016-10-12

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10794037.1A Not-in-force EP2450179B8 (de) 2009-07-03 2010-06-23 Kompressionsformverfahren für pulver und vorrichtung dafür

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2450179B8 (de)
CN (1) CN102548745B (de)
WO (1) WO2011001868A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106003376B (zh) * 2016-07-14 2019-01-29 吴江佳亿电子科技有限公司 一种能防止模具损坏的高压陶瓷电容器瓷介质芯片冲压机
CN106003377A (zh) * 2016-07-14 2016-10-12 吴江佳亿电子科技有限公司 一种能防止缺料的高压陶瓷电容器瓷介质芯片成型压机
CN107696378B (zh) * 2017-11-23 2023-06-06 华南理工大学 一种超高分子量聚合物异型制件成型方法及设备
CN112046072A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-12-08 广东达诚技术股份有限公司 成型机的模台高度位置自动检测调节装置
CN115464916B (zh) * 2022-10-24 2023-11-17 黄骅市晶鑫重型锻压有限公司 一种环形碳素制品成型设备

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US3613166A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-10-19 Dresser Ind Compaction of particulate matter
US3612166A (en) * 1969-09-08 1971-10-12 Diebold Inc Burning bar attack resistant device for vault doors
DE3919847A1 (de) * 1989-06-15 1990-12-20 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung masshaltiger presslinge
JPH0957496A (ja) * 1995-08-22 1997-03-04 Arutekusu:Kk 超音波粉末加圧成形装置
CN1263497A (zh) * 1998-04-08 2000-08-16 米拉克龙公司 形成压制品的冲压方法和设备
US6325965B1 (en) * 1998-11-02 2001-12-04 Sumitomo Special Metals Co., Ltd. Forming method and forming apparatus
JP2000197996A (ja) * 1998-11-02 2000-07-18 Sumitomo Special Metals Co Ltd 成形方法及び成形装置
US6698267B1 (en) * 2000-04-28 2004-03-02 Morphic Technologies Aktiebolag Method and impact machine for forming a body
JP2004174596A (ja) 2002-11-29 2004-06-24 Nano Control:Kk 粉末プレス装置および粉末プレス方法
SE525853C2 (sv) * 2003-09-25 2005-05-17 Hydropulsor Ab Förfarande och anordning för formning av pulverformigt material
JP2005095958A (ja) * 2003-09-26 2005-04-14 Takashima Sangyo Kk プレス機
JP2007030063A (ja) * 2005-07-25 2007-02-08 Meiwa E Tec:Kk 圧入装置
JP5534996B2 (ja) * 2010-08-02 2014-07-02 三和システムエンジニアリング株式会社 粉体の圧縮成形装置およびその衝撃力遮断機構

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2450179B8 (de) 2016-10-12
EP2450179B1 (de) 2016-08-31
EP2450179A4 (de) 2013-11-06
CN102548745B (zh) 2014-12-10
CN102548745A (zh) 2012-07-04
WO2011001868A1 (ja) 2011-01-06

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