EP2454537B1 - Appareil de chauffage par rayonnement - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage par rayonnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2454537B1
EP2454537B1 EP10732359.4A EP10732359A EP2454537B1 EP 2454537 B1 EP2454537 B1 EP 2454537B1 EP 10732359 A EP10732359 A EP 10732359A EP 2454537 B1 EP2454537 B1 EP 2454537B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiant
heat exchanger
condenser
condensation
environment
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Revoked
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EP10732359.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2454537A1 (fr
Inventor
Giorgio Giatti
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Termal Srl
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Termal Srl
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0059—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers
    • F24F1/0063—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by heat exchangers by the mounting or arrangement of the heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels
    • F28D1/024—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with air flow channels with an air driving element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/04—Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular polygonal, e.g. rectangular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/14—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally
    • F28F1/16—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending longitudinally the means being integral with the element, e.g. formed by extrusion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F7/00—Elements not covered by group F28F1/00, F28F3/00 or F28F5/00
    • F28F7/02—Blocks traversed by passages for heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/0286—Radiating plates; Decorative panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/10—Secondary fins, e.g. projections or recesses on main fins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiation heating apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Heat pumps are widely used for heating indoor environments, often in air-conditioning systems allowing the indoor temperature of the environment to be raised in the winter season and to be reduced in the summer season.
  • heating there are several ways for transferring heat conveyed to the indoor environment.
  • a first possibility for transferring heat conveyed to the indoor environment is to use a carrier fluid, typically water, which comes in thermal contact with the condenser, absorbs heat from said condenser and then is conveyed into ducts up to heat exchangers, such as radiators or the like, where it transfers heat to the indoor environment by radiation and to the surrounding air by convection.
  • a carrier fluid typically water
  • a second possibility for transferring heat conveyed to the indoor environment provides the use of forced air flow generating means, by means of which said forced air flow is conveyed through said condenser, where it absorbs heat, then it is released in the environment or conveyed through ducts to suitable mouths for releasing and transferring it into the environment.
  • the present invention provides to solve the prior art drawbacks by a radiation heating apparatus showing the combination of features of claim 1.
  • Said condenser comprises a plurality of condensation ducts which are arranged according to a predetermined arrangement and which are connected to a manifold supplying the conduction fluid in its gaseous state and within which condensation ducts said conduction fluid in its gaseous state is converted into the liquid state releasing condensation heat thereto.
  • said radiant members are composed of the shell surfaces of the condensation ducts, such shell surfaces of the condensation ducts being provided with fins or with surfaces for the heat exchange with surrounding air.
  • said radiant members are finned elements which can be applied on said condensation ducts such to be in thermal contact therewith.
  • each one of said radiant members that can be applied on said condensation ducts is provided with a through hole for housing at least a condensation duct and it is in thermal contact therewith.
  • Radiant members can have several shapes and size.
  • said radiant members are substantially cylindrical elongated elements, through which said longitudinal hole housing a condensation duct passes and they have fins arranged lengthwise the shell surface and radially oriented.
  • said radiant members are parallelepiped shaped elongated elements having such a thickness that said hole housing a condensation duct passes therethrough lengthwise and on the side surfaces they have fins lenghtwise arranged and parallel each other.
  • condensation ducts when two or more condensation ducts are provided arranged one near the other such to subtend an ideal plane, fins of the individual radiant members are oriented parallel each other and perpendicularly to the plane subtended by the individual condensation ducts, while the extension of said radiant members in the direction of the distance between the individual condensation ducts is such that said radiant members of adjacent condensation ducts are in contact one another by side contact surfaces facing each other. Therefore an assembly of condensation ducts with the corresponding radiant members forms a substantially continuous radiant member extending along said alignment plane of said condensation ducts.
  • said condensation ducts are arranged according to a predetermined arrangement and are connected in parallel to a manifold supplying the conduction fluid in its gaseous state and the shell surfaces of the condensation ducts are arranged along a envelope tangent surface thereof or at diametrically opposite sides along two envelope surfaces tangent to the shell surfaces of said condensation ducts.
  • Said radiant heat exchanger is therefore composed of said condenser and said radiant members composed of one or more radiant plates each one extending along one of said envelope surfaces tangent to the shell surfaces of said condensation ducts respectively.
  • Said condensation ducts are arranged one near the other at a predetermined distance and are arranged along a surface that is flat or curved at least according to an axis of curvature, said radiant plate being flat or curved respectively.
  • radiant plates to have any shape and curvature, according to the arrangement, size and curvature of the ducts, whose shell surfaces are the envelope tangent surfaces along which said plates extend.
  • the condensation ducts and the radiant members are made of high thermal conductivity material.
  • a further improvement consists in the fact that the diameter, the length and the number of the condensation ducts are optimized on one hand in relation to the heat transfer and the condensation from gaseous state to liquid state of said conduction fluid, and on the other hand in relation to the reduction of the gurgling acoustic level generated by said state conversion.
  • the ratio between the diameter and the length of each condensation duct is comprised between 0.01 and 0.02, and is preferrably about 0.015.
  • the invention provides an apparatus as described hereinbefore, housed within a cabinet having at one of its sides, preferably the front side, a recess intended for housing said radiant heat exchanger such that said radiant heat exchanger is substantially included in the volume of said cabinet.
  • said radiant heat exchanger is spaced from the walls of said recess such that there is an air channel passing between said radiant heat exchanger and said recess.
  • said plates in thermal contact with the condensation ducts have a rectangular, flat shape, are composed of aluminium and have a finned surface such to incrase the surface to volume ratio of said radiant plates and/or the surface for the heat exchange with the surrounding air, thus supporting the heat being transferred by the radiant heat exchanger to the environment.
  • the finning of said surface of said radiant plates has such a size on one hand to maximize the heat transfer to the environment and on the other hand however preserving a pleasant aesthetic appearance for gratifying the user.
  • the apparatus has a second heat exchanger composed of a condenser with air flow heat exchange means and of means generating a forced air flow through said heat exchange means of the condenser, a surrounding air intake port, and a port for releasing air into the environment being provided.
  • the apparatus comprises means for generating a forced cooling air flow which can be operated as an alternative and/or in combination with said heat exchange means to the environment by radiation and/or forced air flow.
  • Such means generating a forced cooling air flow are composed of an evaporator/condenser and of heat exchange means associated thereto and of means generating a forced air flow through said heat exchange means of the evaporator/condenser, which air is taken from the environment upstream of said evaporator/condenser and it is released into the environment after the heat exchange with the evaporator.
  • the apparatus has photovoltaic means for generating electric energy, said means having such a size that the surface generating the electric energy exposed to the sun guarantees enough electric energy for independently feeding the heating apparatus.
  • the apparatus is housed into a cabinet having such a shape and size that it can be placed under a window; otherwise it is housed into a cabinet having such a shape and size that it can be suspended on a wall and/or ceiling; otherwise it has said heat exchangers that can be fitted on a wall such as common radiators, and the possible means generating the forced heating or cooling air flow mounted on a wall or ceiling, or as an alternative they can be arranged far from the location where said forced air flow is released and spread in the environment, such forced air flow being conveyed by ducts to suitable mouths releasing and spreading it into the environment.
  • an outer heat exchanger 3 composed of an evaporator 31, heat exchange means 32 and means 33 generating an air flow through said heat exchange means 32, where the conduction fluid passes from the liquid state to the gaseous state, absorbing heat from the environment.
  • a compressor 2 which as an alternative can be placed in the indoor environment 5 according to a further embodiment, which is shown by way of example in figure 2 .
  • the indoor environment 5 is provided with a radiant heat exchanger 1 wherein said conduction fluid is conveyed after having been pressurized by said compressor 2, and said radiant heat exchanger 1 is composed of a condenser 11 wherein the conduction fluid passes from the gaseous state to the liquid state, transferring heat (the so called condensation latent heat) to said condenser 11, and of one or more high thermal conductivity radiant members 12 thermally contacting said condenser 11, which transfer heat to the environment by radiation and convection by being heated.
  • a radiant heat exchanger 1 wherein said conduction fluid is conveyed after having been pressurized by said compressor 2, and said radiant heat exchanger 1 is composed of a condenser 11 wherein the conduction fluid passes from the gaseous state to the liquid state, transferring heat (the so called condensation latent heat) to said condenser 11, and of one or more high thermal conductivity radiant members 12 thermally contacting said condenser 11, which transfer heat to the environment by radiation and convection by being heated.
  • the conduction fluid is able to release easily heat to the environment during the passage to the liquid state.
  • the said radiant members 12 have a thermal conductivity wich is higher than 40 W ⁇ K -1 ⁇ m -1 , and preferably higher than 100 W ⁇ K -1 ⁇ m -1 .
  • Fig. 2 shows a diagram of the operation of the present invention according to a further embodiment with respect to figure 1 , still in the winter mode, providing, in addition to said radiant heat exchanger 1, a forced heating air flow heat exchanger 6, composed of a condenser 61 wherein the conduction fluid passes from the gaseous state to the liquid state, transferring heat to said condenser 61, of heat exchange means 62 and of forced air flow generating means 63 generating said forced air flow 64 and conveying it through said condenser 61 and/or said heat exchange means 62 heating it and then releasing it into the environment.
  • Such forced heating air flow heat exchanger 6 is connected in parallel to said radiant heat exchanger 1 and can be activated or deactivated by means of valves V1 and V2.
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of the operation of the present invention according to a further embodiment with respect to fig.1 , which can operate also in summer mode and providing, in addition to said radiant heat exchanger 1, a forced cooling air flow heat exchanger 7, which can be used as an alternative to said radiant heat exchanger 1, thus allowing the apparatus to operate alternately in a mode heating or cooling the environment.
  • the evaporator 31 acts as a condenser, namely the flowing direction of the fluid is reversed and the evaporator/condenser 31 receives the pressurized conduction fluid from the compressor 2, and by converting said conduction fluid from the gaseous state to the liquid state it transfers heat to the outdoor environment 4.
  • Said forced cooling air flow heat exchanger 7 is composed of an evaporator 71 wherein the conduction fluid is converted from the liquid state to the gaseous state, absorbing heat, of heat exchange means 72 and of forced air flow generating means 73 which generate said forced air flow 74 and convey it through said evaporator 71 and/or said heat exchange means 72, cooling the air and then releasing it into the environment.
  • Such forced cooling air flow heat exchanger 7 is connected in parallel to said radiant heat exchanger 1 and it can be activated or deactivated via valves V3, V4, V5, V6.
  • valves V3 and V5 When valves V3 and V5 are opened, valves V4 and V6 are closed, as seen in figure by broken lines, said radiant heat exchanger 1 is activated, said forced cooling air flow heat exchanger 7 is deactivated and the system works in a heating mode.
  • valves V4 and V6 are opened, valves V3 and V5 are closed, said forced cooling air flow heat exchanger 7 is activated, said radiant heat exchanger 1 is deactivated, the fluid reverses its direction, and the system operates in cooling mode.
  • valves V3, V4, V5 and V6 can be replaced by a single, properly connected, four-way valve, which adjusts the flowing direction of the conduction fluid coming out from the compressor 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, according to which the heat exchangers are housed within a cabinet 8, and said cabinet 8 has a front recess 81 intended for housing said radiant heat exchanger 1, a surrounding air intake port 82 and a port 83 for releasing air into the environment, through which ports the surrounding air is withdrawn, heated or cooled, and realased into the environment, a forced air flow heat exchanger, not shown in the figure, being provided into the cabinet.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-section view of said embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, according to which heat exchangers are housed within a cabinet 8.
  • Said cabinet 8 has said front recess 81 intended for housing said radiant heat exchanger 1, said radiant heat exchanger 1 being composed of said condenser 11 and said radiant members 12, and moreover said radiant heat exchanger 1 being spaced from the walls of said recess 81 such that an air channel 84 is formed passing between said radiant heat exchanger 1 and said recess 81.
  • Said air channel 84 is run by an air flow 18, heating the air that finally is released into the environment.
  • Said cabinet 8 has also said surrounding air intake port 82, through which the surrounding air, by said forced air flow generating means 63, is withdrawn and conveyed through said heat exchanger 6, then released into the environment, after having been heated, through said port 83 for releasing air into the environment.
  • heat exchanger 6 can be used as a refrigerator for generating a forced cooling air flow, instead of an heating one, to be used as an alternative to said radiant heat exchanger 1.
  • Fig. 6 shows a front view of the radiant members 12, composed of parallelepiped shaped elongated elements 120 having such a thickness that a longitudinal hole 122 housing a condensation duct passes therethrough and having fins 121 arranged lenghtwise on the side surfaces.
  • Said radiant members 12 that can be seen in the figure can be put one near the other, each one applied on a condensation duct, and at the front they can be provided with the flat surface 123 that can be seen in the figure.
  • they can be rotated by 90° about the longitudinal axis passing by the longitudinal hole 122 such that the finned surface 124 is on the front thereof.
  • Fig.7 shows three examples of possible sections of said radiant members 12.
  • Section A is the same section shown in figure 6 , wherein fins 121 are lengthwise arranged on the parallelepiped shaped elongated element 120, the longitudinal hole 122 housing a condensation duct passes therethrough.
  • Section B is substantially equal to section A but fins 121 are arranged in a different way.
  • Section C shows a section of a radiant member composed of a substantially cylindrical element 125 through which said longitudinal hole 122 housing a condensation duct passes and it is composed of fins 121 which are lengthwise arranged on the shell surface and are radially oriented.
  • the radiant member is composed of the condensation duct itself, which has such a shape that fins 121 are lentghwise arranged and radially oriented on the shell surface.
  • Fig.8 shows a section view of a part of an embodiment of said radiant heat exchanger 1, which radiant heat exchanger 1 is composed of a condenser 11, which is composed in turn of a plurality of ducts 111, and of two radiant members 12 in the form of plates made of high thermal conductivity material, preferably of aluminium, in thermal contact with said ducts 111, which radiant plates 12 have fins 121 extending parallel each other throughout all the extension of the radiant plates 12, said fins 121 being intended for increasing the surface to volume ratio of said radiant members 12 and/or the surface for the thermal exchange with the surrounding air.
  • Broken lines 86 and 87 are the back wall and the open front wall respectively of said recess of said cabinet wherein said radiant heat exchanger 1 is housed.
  • Fig.9 shows the gaseous to liquid state conversion of the conduction fluid within the condensation ducts having a different diameter.
  • the conduction fluid in the gaseous state transmits heat to the condenser itself, at the beginning it being converted to the liquid state along the inner walls of the ducts of said condenser; thus there is the situation where the conduction fluid is in its liquid state along the walls of the ducts but it is in its gaseous state yet at the core of said ducts.
  • the figure shows two ducts E and F, having the same length x, with a diameter D and d respectively, where D > d; in both the ducts the liquid state 113 is already condensed on the duct walls and the gaseous state 112 is in the core, persisting for a predetermined length, before being completely condensed.
  • Such predetermined length changes depending on the diameter and so on the surface/volume ratio of the duct, and it is L for duct E and 1 for duct F, where L > 1.
  • the length of the duct portion where the gaseous state and the liquid state coexist is reduced, reducing the acoustic level of the generated gurgling noise; moreover a greater number of ducts is necessary, increasing the radiant surface the volume being the same, obtaining a better transfer of heat, and reducing the speed of the refrigerant fluid passing through the condensation ducts.
  • the ratio between the diameter and the length of each condensation duct is comprised between 0.01 and 0.02, and is preferably about 0.015.
  • each condensation duct is between 0.3 cm and 1 cm, in particular between 0.4 cm and 0.8 cm, and the length of each condensation duct is between 20 cm and 80 cm, in particular between 40 cm and 60 cm.
  • Fig. 10 shows said embodiment of said radiant heat exchanger 1, where radiant members are as plates, and wherein the front radiant plate is omitted for clarity purposes and the rear radiant plate 12 is in thermal contact with the condenser 11, which is composed of a plurality of ducts 111.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Devices For Blowing Cold Air, Devices For Blowing Warm Air, And Means For Preventing Water Condensation In Air Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
  • Air Filters, Heat-Exchange Apparatuses, And Housings Of Air-Conditioning Units (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Appareil de chauffage par rayonnement composé d'une pompe à chaleur qui comprime par un compresseur (2) un fluide de conduction à l'état gazeux provoquant sa transformation à l'état liquide dans un condenseur (11) et par conséquent, ledit condenseur (11) transfère la chaleur à l'environnement (5),
    il comprend des échangeurs de chaleur par rayonnement vers l'environnement (5) formés par ledit condenseur (11) comprenant plusieurs conduits de condensation (111) et par un ou plus éléments radiants à ailettes (12) faits d'un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique supérieure à 40 WxK-1xm-1, et de préférence supérieure à 100 WxK-1xm-1, lesquels éléments radiants (12) sont appliqués sur lesdites conduits de condensation (111) et ils sont en contact thermique avec le condenseur (11) pour transférer la chaleur de condensation dudit condenseur (11) auxdites éléments radiants (12),
    ledit dispositif a un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7) qui peut agir comme un condenseur ou comme un évaporateur par inversion du sens d'écoulement du fluide, avec des moyens pour l'échange de chaleur avec un flux d'air et des moyens pour la génération d'un flux d'air forcé à travers lesdits moyens d'échange de chaleur de l'évaporateur/condenseur (61, 71),
    ledit deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7) est connecté en parallèle audit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement (1) et il peut être activé ou désactivé au moyen de vannes (V1, V2),
    lesdits échangeurs de chaleur sont logés dans une caisse (8) ayant :
    - sur un des cotés de la caisse, de préférence le coté avant, une niche (81) destinée à loger ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement de sorte que ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement est pratiquement compris dans le volume de ladite caisse (8)
    caractérisé par
    - une bouche d'aspiration d'air environnant (82) et une bouche (83) pour libérer l'air dans l'environnement (5), cet air est tiré de l'environnement (5) en amont dudit deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6,7) et réintroduit dans l'environnement (5) après l'échange de chaleur avec ledit deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6,7).
  2. Appareil selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ledit échangeur de chaleur rayonnant est constitué par un condensateur (11) connecté à un collecteur fournissant le fluide de conduction à l'état gazeux et à l'intérieur desdites conduits de condensation (111) ledit fluide de conduction est transformé à partir de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide transférant la chaleur de condensation à celui-ci.
  3. Appareil selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits éléments radiants (12) est pourvu d'un trou traversant pour loger au moins un conduit de condensation (111) et il est en contact thermique avec celui-ci.
  4. Appareil selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits conduits de condensation (111) sont connectés en parallèle et les surfaces de la coquille desdits conduits de condensation (111) sont disposés le long d'une surface tangente à l'enveloppe de celui-ci ou le long de deux surfaces tangentes à l'enveloppe sur des côtés diamétralement opposés des surfaces de la coquille desdits conduits de condensation (111), en référence à l'axe médian longitudinal desdits conduits de condensation (111), et lesdits éléments rayonnants (12) sont composés d'une ou deux plaques rayonnantes (12) chacune s'étendant le long de l'une desdites surfaces d'enveloppe tangent aux surfaces de la coquille desdits conduits de condensation (111), respectivement.
  5. Appareil selon les revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les conduits de condensation (111) sont disposés l'un près de l'autre à une distance prédéterminée l'un de l'autre le long d'une surface plate ou courbe selon au moins un axe de courbure, étant ladite plaque rayonnante (12) plate ou courbe respectivement.
  6. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que il y a deux plaques rayonnantes parallèles (12) avec les conduits de condensation (111) interposés entre elles, en contact avec chacune des dites deux plaques (12).
  7. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le diamètre, la longueur et le numéro des conduits de condensation (111) sont optimisés d'un côté en relation avec l'échange de chaleur et avec la condensation de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide dudit fluide de conduction, et de l'autre côté en relation avec la réduction du niveau acoustique du gargouillement généré par ladite transformation d'état.
  8. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre le diamètre et la longueur de chaque conduit de condensation (111) est compris entre 0,01 et 0,02, et de préférence se situe aux environs de 0,015.
  9. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, quand ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement est éloigné des parois de ladite niche (81) de manière qu'un couloir d'air qui passe entre ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement et ladite niche (81) se forme.
  10. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits éléments radiants (12) sont faits d'aluminium et ils ont une surface à ailettes telle que le rapport de la surface et le volume de ces éléments radiants (12) et/ou la surface pour l'échange de chaleur avec l'air environnant est augmenté.
  11. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens pour générer un flux forcé d'air rafraîchissant sont actionnés comme une alternative auxdits moyens pour l'échange de chaleur avec l'environnement (5) par rayonnement et/ou par un flux d'air forcé.
  12. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédents, caractérisé en ce qu'il a des moyens photovoltaïques pour générer de l'énergie électrique, étant donné que ces éléments ont des dimensions telles que la surface qui génère l'énergie électrique exposée au soleil garantit assez d'énergie électrique pour alimenter indépendamment l'appareil de chauffage, soit en cas d'un utilisateur unique, soit en cas d'un système principal.
  13. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite caisse (8) a une dimension et une forme telles qui peut être placée sous une fenêtre.
  14. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite caisse (8) a une dimension et une forme telles qui peut être suspendu au mur et/ou au plafond.
  15. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il a lesdits échangeurs de chaleurs qui peuvent être fixés au mur comme des radiateurs normales, et que lesdits éléments qui génèrent le flux d'air forcé chauffant et/ou rafraîchissant fixés au mur or au plafond, ou comme une alternative placés loin de la place où ledit flux d'air forcé est délivré et distribué dans l'environnement (5), ledit flux d'air forcé est transporté par des conduits vers des bouches adéquates pour sa livraison et sa distribution dans l'environnement (5).
  16. Appareil selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que il est composé par un appareil de climatisation normal.
  17. La méthode de chauffage par rayonnement est caractérisée en ce qu'elle requière les pas suivants :
    - comprimer un fluide de conduction à l'état gazeux par un compresseur (2);
    - écouler ledit fluide de conduction sous pression dans son état gazeux jusqu'à un condensateur (11)
    - transformer ledit fluide de son état gazeux sous pression à l'état liquide dans ledit condensateur (11), ledit condensateur étant composé par plusieurs conduits de condensation (111) qui sont arrangés selon une disposition prédéterminée et qui sont connectés à un collecteur fournissant le fluide de conduction à l'état gazeux et à l'intérieur desdites conduits de condensation (111) ledit fluide de conduction est transformé à partir de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide transférant la chaleur de condensation à celui-ci
    - le transfert de la chaleur à l'environnement (5) par rayonnement et convection des échangeurs de chaleur par rayonnement avec l'environnement (5) qui sont formés par ledit condensateur (11) et par un ou plus éléments radiants à ailettes (12) faits d'un matériau ayant une conductivité thermique supérieure à 40 WxK-1xm-1, et de préférence supérieure à 100 WxK-1xm-1, ledit élément radiant (12) peut être appliqué sur au moins un desdits conduits de condensation (111) et il est en contact thermique avec le condensateur (11) pour transférer la chaleur de condensation dudit condensateur (11) au(x)dit(s) élément(s) radiant(s) (12) - ledit fluide de conduction écoulant dans l'état liquide jusqu'à un évaporateur (31) pour recommencer le cycle de réfrigération,
    où un deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7) peut agir comme un condensateur ou comme un évaporateur par inversion du sens d'écoulement du fluide et a les moyens pour l'échange de chaleur avec un flux d'air et les moyens pour la génération d'un flux d'air forcé à travers lesdits moyens d'échange de chaleur de l'évaporateur/condensateur (61, 71),
    ledit deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7) est connecté en parallèle audit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement (1) et il peut être activé ou désactivé au moyen de vannes (V1, V2),
    lesdits échangeurs de chaleur sont logés dans une caisse (8) ayant :
    - sur une de ses côtés, de préférence sur le côté avant, une niche (81) destinée à loger ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement de sorte que ledit échangeur de chaleur par rayonnement est pratiquement compris dans le volume de ladite caisse (8)
    - une bouche d'aspiration de l'air environnant (82) et une bouche pour délivrer l'air dans l'environnement (5), et ledit air est pris de l'environnement (5) en amont dudit deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7) et introduit à nouveau dans l'environnement (5) après l'échange de chaleur avec le deuxième échangeur de chaleur (6, 7).
EP10732359.4A 2009-07-16 2010-07-12 Appareil de chauffage par rayonnement Revoked EP2454537B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITGE2009A000054A IT1397613B1 (it) 2009-07-16 2009-07-16 Dispositivo di riscaldamento ad irraggiamento
PCT/EP2010/059963 WO2011006858A1 (fr) 2009-07-16 2010-07-12 Appareil de chauffage par rayonnement

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EP2454537A1 EP2454537A1 (fr) 2012-05-23
EP2454537B1 true EP2454537B1 (fr) 2016-01-13

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JP5544580B1 (ja) * 2013-07-26 2014-07-09 株式会社 エコファクトリー 空気調和装置及び空気調和装置の運転方法
MY184976A (en) * 2014-05-09 2021-04-30 Eco Factory Co Ltd Air conditioning system
CN106839497A (zh) * 2017-02-07 2017-06-13 海信（山东）空调有限公司 一种换热循环系统及其控制方法以及空调
CN113970164B (zh) * 2020-07-24 2022-12-09 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 空调器及其辐射控制方法与装置、计算机可存储介质

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JPS5367352U (fr) 1976-11-09 1978-06-06
JPS5396356U (fr) 1977-01-07 1978-08-05
JPS558570A (en) 1978-07-04 1980-01-22 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd Air conditioner
JPS58221337A (ja) 1982-06-18 1983-12-23 Hitachi Ltd ヒ−トポンプ式空気調和装置
JPS62228844A (ja) 1986-03-31 1987-10-07 株式会社東芝 空気調和機
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JPS63210575A (ja) 1987-02-27 1988-09-01 株式会社東芝 空気調和機
JPS63185023U (fr) 1987-05-21 1988-11-28
JPS6419832A (en) 1987-07-15 1989-01-23 Nec Corp Narrow band detector
JPS6458965A (en) 1987-08-31 1989-03-06 Toshiba Corp Air conditioner with radiation panel
JPS6458968A (en) 1987-08-31 1989-03-06 Toshiba Corp Air conditioner
JPH01172614U (fr) 1988-05-27 1989-12-07
JPH0257830A (ja) 1988-08-22 1990-02-27 Toshiba Corp 空気調和機
JPH02259348A (ja) 1988-12-26 1990-10-22 Toshiba Audio Video Eng Corp 空気調和装置
JPH0357310U (fr) 1989-10-04 1991-06-03
JPH03127126A (ja) 1989-10-13 1991-05-30 Nec Corp 情報処理装置
JPH03127123U (fr) 1990-03-30 1991-12-20
JPH0436527A (ja) 1990-05-30 1992-02-06 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 熱交換ユニット
JPH0432434U (fr) 1990-07-16 1992-03-17
JPH0436520U (fr) 1990-07-17 1992-03-26
JPH04236073A (ja) 1991-01-21 1992-08-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空気調和装置
JPH05346261A (ja) 1991-04-18 1993-12-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 空気調和装置
US5493155A (en) 1991-04-22 1996-02-20 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply system
JPH05133165A (ja) 1991-11-14 1993-05-28 Natl House Ind Co Ltd 出窓空調装置
JPH05152151A (ja) 1991-11-29 1993-06-18 Tokin Corp 自動巻線装置
JPH05280762A (ja) 1992-03-30 1993-10-26 Toshiba Corp 輻射パネル付室内ユニット
WO1994023257A1 (fr) 1993-03-29 1994-10-13 Melanesia International Trust Company Limited Ensemble echangeur de chaleur
JPH07127994A (ja) 1993-11-05 1995-05-19 Toshiba Corp 空気調和機の輻射パネル
JPH07190400A (ja) 1993-12-27 1995-07-28 Toshiba Corp 空気調和装置
EP0789216A2 (fr) 1995-09-14 1997-08-13 Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd Echangeur de chaleur à ailettes ondulées et climatiseur équipé de celui-çi
JPH09152146A (ja) 1995-11-30 1997-06-10 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 輻射式空調装置及びそれに用いられる輻射パネル
JP2004132560A (ja) 2002-10-08 2004-04-30 Daikin Ind Ltd 空気調和機
JP2005016919A (ja) 2003-06-30 2005-01-20 Daikin Ind Ltd 空気調和装置
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108778793A (zh) * 2016-03-11 2018-11-09 株式会社电装 控制车辆用空调装置的空调控制装置
CN108778793B (zh) * 2016-03-11 2021-12-14 株式会社电装 控制车辆用空调装置的空调控制装置

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JP2012533048A (ja) 2012-12-20
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WO2011006858A1 (fr) 2011-01-20
IT1397613B1 (it) 2013-01-18

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