EP2456736A2 - Matière composite expansible pouvant stocker des liquides, sa production et son utilisation - Google Patents

Matière composite expansible pouvant stocker des liquides, sa production et son utilisation

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Publication number
EP2456736A2
EP2456736A2 EP10765562A EP10765562A EP2456736A2 EP 2456736 A2 EP2456736 A2 EP 2456736A2 EP 10765562 A EP10765562 A EP 10765562A EP 10765562 A EP10765562 A EP 10765562A EP 2456736 A2 EP2456736 A2 EP 2456736A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite material
material according
water
composite
perlite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10765562A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Peter O. Glienke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Inotec Peter O Glienke & Isolde M Glienke GbR
Original Assignee
Inotec Peter O Glienke & Isolde M Glienke GbR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inotec Peter O Glienke & Isolde M Glienke GbR filed Critical Inotec Peter O Glienke & Isolde M Glienke GbR
Publication of EP2456736A2 publication Critical patent/EP2456736A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/32—Materials not provided for elsewhere for absorbing liquids to remove pollution, e.g. oil, gasoline, fat
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a novel composite material, in particular designed as a shaped body and / or suitable for the production of moldings homogeneous composite material consisting of polymer materials and lignite and / or leonardite and / or lignite Ie-XyIi + (hereinafter referred to as xylitol ) and mineral constituents from igneous rock, which expands by the action of liquids, in particular of water, aqueous solutions and aqueous oil emulsions and is suitable for storing these fluids and hydrogel formation and its delivery.
  • xylitol polymer materials and lignite and / or leonardite and / or lignite Ie-XyIi +
  • the composite material according to the invention is used for the humus formation, plant growth and the production of biomass in crops enhancing soil improvement product with a pronounced long-term water storage effect, which ensures that the plants, even in arid and / or semiarid soil structures Provided water and dissolved in these nutrients and also solved by the stored water in the composites, contained in the composites nutrients and / or activated or, for example, the applied in the immediate vicinity of the composite fertilizers and / or plant nutrients and made available for the plant root become. Further extensive applications are given depending on the structure and composition of the composite material according to the invention, for example. As a binder for oil-water emulsions, reclamation of fallow and spoil, soil hardening and dust binding, etc.
  • finished products not only finished products but also intermediates are understood as being a composite material, such as, for example, fine-grained earth-moist and / or dried agglomerates, which are preferred for the production of finished products, such as granules, pellets, etc., which are preferred for treatment and / or incorporation into natural soil and terrestrial substr ⁇ te and / or soil and earth structures, in particular for improving soil structures or increasing the Wäss Grande bugss of dry soils, provided by means of mechanical equipment and are tuned to it in shape, particle size and bulk density.
  • a composite material such as, for example, fine-grained earth-moist and / or dried agglomerates, which are preferred for the production of finished products, such as granules, pellets, etc., which are preferred for treatment and / or incorporation into natural soil and terrestrial substr ⁇ te and / or soil and earth structures, in particular for improving soil structures or increasing the Wäss Grandestainss of dry soils, provided by means
  • the invention thus encompasses various embodiments and compositions which make it possible to produce and apply respective combinations of the composite material according to the invention for specific fields of application.
  • the invention relates to processes for the preparation of the composite materials according to the invention and the preferred applications, and particularly preferably in the agricultural sector.
  • microporous SAP On the basis of renewable raw materials can easily be prepared biodegradable SAP, which also have the advantage that they have a microporous structure.
  • the production of such microporous SAP is of- fenb ⁇ rt in DE 196554745 C2.
  • Such microporous SAP can be incorporated excellently into the composite materials according to the invention.
  • the new superabsorbent composites all known SAPs which are capable of storing and releasing at least 20 times their own weight in water.
  • preference is given to those SAPs which are biodegradable and largely free of monomeric impurities and pollutants.
  • Polyacrylic acid is a colorless substance that dissolves well in water.
  • the glass transition temperature is> 100 ° C. Above 200 ° C to 250 0 C, the polymer loses water to form insoluble crosslinked anhydrides. From about 350 ° C it decomposes to carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons.
  • polyacrylic acid For the preparation of polyacrylic acid, various methods can be used, usually the solution in water, the precipitation or the emulsion, but also the hydrolysis of acrylic acid derivatives (esters, nitriles, amides) has become more important. A particularly large range of properties is possible by copolymerization with other comonomers.
  • Polyacrylic acid is offered as a commercial product in the acid or salt form.
  • Crosslinked or partially crosslinked polyacrylic acids as potassium or sodium salt of polyacrylic acid are preferably used as extremely liquid absorbent SAP, for example.
  • SAP is available in a networked and / or partially networked form for all the uses mentioned. The crosslinking is necessary to ensure the insolubility of the SAP in water.
  • Superabsorbents can absorb a multiple of their own weight of water, swelling to a hydrogel.
  • Polymer chains, especially of polyacrylic acid, are linked to each other by isolated covalent bonds. This light cross-linking is necessary to ensure the insolubility of the SAP in water.
  • a hydrogel is a hydrophilic polymeric network swollen in water or in aqueous liquids. The properties of these gels depend on the interaction between the network and the surrounding fluid. In ionic gels, the osmotic contribution of the ionic groups must be taken into account, which has a great influence on the swelling properties of the gels. For example, in a polyacrylic acid gel, the acrylic acid groups are in close proximity to each other. net.
  • SAP tend to stick and even have no planter structure that, for example, when used in desert areas, although water is bound in the desert sand soils, but no structure is given or is achieved, which allows successful planting. With sufficient effect, SAP can only be used if they are already incorporated in soil substrates whose structure is suitable for planting with crops. In addition, SAP sometimes releases the bound water only with great difficulty and is thus not available for plant growth as desired. In order to achieve an effect, relatively high discharge amounts of SAP are required, if a homogeneous distribution in the soil structure and a binding to the soil crumb must be achieved. The use of pure SAP is therefore very cost-intensive and more than problematic. Because of these disadvantages, the use of SAP based on acrylic acid polymers and other superabsorber polymers in this area has not been successful so far. this applies also for the preparations and blends with other soil structure improving additives.
  • SAP hybrids due to a lack of international nomenclature.
  • SAP hybrids their production and fields of application are described, for example, in WO 2003000621 A1.
  • porous rock particles and / or rock flour SAP hybrid materials bring some minor improvements in the application, but are mostly sponge-like, coarse-grained granules that are tacky on the surface and can cork under pressure and Difficult to distribute and work in the ground.
  • These SAP granules are reminiscent in their consistency of porous rubber granulate.
  • porous foamed hydrophilic and hydrous hydrogel material which identifies open cells is added as a porous expanded mineral, perlite or vermiculite.
  • the resulting porous, sponge-like structures are indeed suitable as a carrier material with water storage effect for the propagation of plants, but not as a soil improvement product with long-term water storage effect.
  • the US 2007/0051 148 Al describes and discloses a fertilizer preparation, which is characterized in that the substances contained lignite, Leonardite, xylitol and earth similar additives in the presence of water and gluconic acid treated alkaline and added as a water-storing binder hydrolyzed starch derivatives become.
  • EP 0140795 Bl are proposed improvement additives for soil fertilization with lignite (defined in this document as lignite) and the treatment of lignite to increase the humic acids.
  • biodegradable polymers are used. These are defined as cellulose derivatives, starch derivatives, polyacrylic derivatives, polyacrylamide derivatives, polyvinyl alcohols and cellulose ethers. These polymers Although they are so-called retention aids, as they are also used in the paper industry, they are not SAPs which have a crosslinked or partially crosslinked polymer structure which leads to hydrogel formation on exposure to water.
  • CN 1450028 A The abstract of CN 1450028 A is to be found in a proposal which relates, inter alia, to a mixture of a wide variety of inorganic and organic substances, the humic acid, chemical fertilizers, the binder bentonite and as a water-storing medium, a mixture of polyacrylate and hyaluronic acid but does not in any way disclose the teaching of the claimed invention.
  • HU 9801302 A2 discloses a fertilizer mixture containing humic acid, inorganic aggregates and lignite, to which compost and zeolite are added, which are formed into a fertilizer in granular form.
  • WO 03/000621 A1 discloses an SAP as a hybrid material, its composition, production and preferred applications, wherein this hybrid material can be mixed after comminution with a wide variety of inorganic and organic substances, including lignite, but it is not the presently claimed Composite material disclosed.
  • Lignite, lignite, leonardite and xylitol is, as follows defined and described and hereinafter referred to as lignite, this irrespective of that an exact definition due to the natural fluctuations and the different periods of origin, the origin and thus different composition not is possible.
  • the common classification of brown coal types in lignite, hard lignite, matte lignite and lignite is based on the rising content of carbon and is only a rough type classification.
  • Preferred for the use according to the invention is the so-called soft brown coal from the early Tertiary period and in particular the use and / or the addition of Leonardite, when in the composites of the invention, a high content of humic substances is required.
  • Leonardite is a soft brown coal stratum that has not yet reached the stage of soft lignite and is characterized by a particularly high content of humic substances and a high degree of oxidation.
  • the transitions from Leonardite to soft lignite are fluid and Leonardite is thus assigned in this application, in the description and in the description of lignite. This provides a better overview, because the transitions from Leonardite to soft lignite are fluid.
  • lignite The origin of lignite goes back to the plant world and the millions of years ago created peat bogs, which were repeatedly covered by sea sands and river giants and led by the Kohlenohlungsrea to the emergence of various types of brown coal.
  • the world production of lignite which accounts for about 15% of the total amount of xylitol, is currently around 900 million tonnes per year.
  • the depletion reserves, ie the deposits, are estimated at over 280 billion tons worldwide. It is estimated that over 90% of the lignite mined is used for energy production.
  • the main components of the natural product lignite are, based on raw lignite, about 55% water, 40% carbon and a total of about 5% mineral trace elements, organic sulfur, nitrogen and humic substances.
  • a lignite may contain, depending on the degree of carbonization, 15% and more, based on the dry matter, xylitol.
  • Xylitol is defined in the literature as having the composition and structure as follows:
  • Other common names for xylitol are lignite and shale coal xylitol is over 10 million years old and occurs in strongly fragmented form, as a compact te, plate xylitol stems or brockig or bar-like. Almost always the structures of wood are recognizable.
  • Xylitol has a high resistance to biodegradation and acts in the soil as a permanent humus or promotes humus formation. In contrast to lignite, the ancient natural substance is not completely carbonated and is characterized by an organic, fibrous structure.
  • xylitol In the treatment of brown coal, xylitol is processed and comminuted separately from it.
  • the peat-like soil cultivator xylitol has an acidic pH and a low salt content. As a pure aggregate it loosens soil, stores water and nutrients and balances the soil climate.
  • Xylitol is microbiologically inanimate, weed-free and rich in humic acids and humus-forming substances. In combination with other raw materials, xylitol, for example, ensures good structural stability and optimal root formation in plant and plant potting soil. Its high nitrogen stability makes it resistant to mold growth and degradation by microorganisms.
  • the proportion of organic matter in xylitol is over 85% based on the dry weight. The water-holding capacity is not very pronounced and is below the values of lignite.
  • the fibrous xylitol can be crushed in hammer mills and can then be grinded in other milling processes to a particle sizes even ⁇ 100 microns and is then available as xylitol with a very large surface area also for further processing to the composites of the invention and preferably here Enrichment of the humus-forming constituents in the processed, ground lignite and / or in leonardite.
  • the organic degradation rate is low compared to other organic substances.
  • Xylitol is thus very stable in structure and the N-immobilization is low and this despite the high N / C ratio of 80 to 200.
  • Heavy metal residues and other pollutants are only present in traces and without relevance to ecological, biological safety.
  • Xylitol has the following composition and ratios as averages.
  • the content of humic acid-forming complexes is in this Listed as organic substance (Lusatian brown coal xylitol indices average values, analysis values and properties of xylitol in fiber form):
  • the invention has set itself the task of creating a composite material that is inexpensive to manufacture and eliminates the disadvantages mentioned.
  • such composite material should expand utilizing the water retention properties of the SAP, with the action of water and / or liquids to form a ready-to-plant soil substrate while binding the water, or reshape into non-plantable soil structures and loosen them up after incorporation thereof
  • Composite material and subsequent irrigation attaches to the earth crumbs and has a plant growth promoting water storage and discharge capacity and is able to bind a multiple of its own weight of water and nutrients dissolved in water and this but also to give back to the plant root.
  • such a composite material should be particularly structurally stable and have a long duration of action, at least over 3 to 5 years, can be combined with fertilizers of any kind and actively contribute to the formation of humus and additionally provide the plants with growth and strengthening.
  • b ⁇ r be supplied in a suitable form Miner ⁇ lstoffe and trace elements.
  • such a composite material should be in an agricultural, homogeneous and compact, dust-free form, which ensures that when handling the superabsorbent composites, no polymer particles can be generated and / or produced by abrasion whose particle size is ⁇ 50 microns.
  • composite material and / or superabsorbent composite is, as already stated, chosen as the descriptive name for the homogeneous composite material according to the invention and is always composed of at least the abovementioned material components and to bond the materials together to a homogeneous composite usually requires the action of water.
  • Other material surcharges such as. Fertilizer preparations, mineral nutrients in solid and liquid form are possible and the introduction of liquid humic acid solutions and / or humic complex solutions are possible.
  • the solid material components basically required for the composite formation according to the invention are:
  • At least one biodegradable, crosslinked or partially crosslinked synthetic or natural SAP preferably with open or closed pore structure, which forms with water a three-dimensional preferably cation-active hydrogel;
  • At least one natural, finely ground inorganic mineral solid preferably finely ground rock flour and additionally at least one inorganic solid derived from the group of expandable and / or expanded expanded igneous rocks and / or minerals (expanded by explosive escape of in the rock enclosed water by temperature action of over 700 ° Celsius), and this solid belongs to the group of Ryolite or Quarzporphyrgläser, wherein the inorganic solids alone and / or in sum with all inorganic solids contained a proportion of at least five weight percent, based on the total weight in the composite material, and the composite material exhibits a time-dependent swelling behavior and a water absorption at 20-30 ° Celsius, which corresponds to at least 5 times its own weight and / or the initial volume of the dry composite material.
  • organic solid which is defined as early tertiary and / or incompletely incarcerated wood or plant materials and / or the group of early tertiary bitumen-free lignite (lignite) and / or Leonardite and / or xylitol and / or a mixture of these organic solids;
  • Characteristic of the composite material according to the invention is that at least one inorganic solid at least one per cent by weight forming industrially and / or naturally blown but crushed and / or milled perlite particles in irregular, sharp-edged and porous particle shape / structure as fragments the porous cell and pore walls, wherein the perlite particles have a particle size preferably ⁇ 2000 microns, preferably ⁇ 200 microns identify.
  • the components 2 to 4 form a matrix of substances into which the SAPs shown in FIG. 1 are incorporated and / or bound.
  • the material declarations or for the designations perlite, perlite and expanded and / or expanded perlite and / or expanded perlite particles:
  • perlite is a lamellar eutectoid structural constituent of the steel.
  • Perlite ie the crude perlite or perlite, also called pearl stone, is a volcanic glass in which an average of two to six percent water is trapped, which under the action of temperatures greater than 700 degrees Celsius, especially from 1000 degrees Celsius, expanded by the explosive evaporation of the water in the rock and inflates up to twenty times its original volume.
  • Blown Perlite has a pore structure with many closed pores, whose pore walls, so cell walls, are permeable, porous.
  • the distended pearlite stone has an irregular spherical shape resembling natural pearls with a permeable pore structure.
  • the bulk density of expanded Perlite is between 40 and 350 kg / m 3 for starting grain sizes of 50 to 3,000 micrometers.
  • the initial bulk density unblown is approximately 1000 kg / m 3 .
  • Perlite is considered as rock and also incombustible in blown form.
  • the melting point of Perlite is around 1400 degrees Celsius.
  • Commercial blown perlite has, depending on the shape and starting grain size of the ground crude perlite a particle size between 500 and 6000 microns and a pore volume of 95 percent by volume. The moisture content is less than 0.5 percent by weight. Puffed perlite can absorb up to 50% by weight of water or the pores can be filled with liquid preparations or stored in the pores.
  • perlite When blown perlite is ground, for example for use as a filter aid, it is in the form of porous powder or in the form of irregularly shaped, porous flakes whose structure can be compared with cellulose fibers.
  • the bulk densities of such perlite powders or perl flakes are between 50 and 90 kg / m 3 .
  • Perlite is thus an aluminum silicate with a proportion of more than 60% silica.
  • Perlite occurrences known that deliver by a whim of nature, already naturally bloated perlite, since the pearlite stone bloated already in the eruption.
  • the pore and cell structure of this naturally expanded Perlite is identical to the industrially expanded Perlite.
  • This naturally expanded perlite additionally contains many trace elements, so that the use of this material is ideally suited for use in the composites according to the invention.
  • the bulk densities are higher with identical particle sizes than with the perlite particles, which are obtained from industrially expanded perlite. This is a considerable advantage in some areas of use of the composites according to the invention.
  • the object of the invention is achieved in that the hydrogel-forming crosslinked and / or partially crosslinked polymers and / or copolymers in a porous matrix of lignite and / or leonardite and / or xylitol and expanded perlite particles be bound and / or deposited and / or fixed to these and / or incorporated in the pores and / or material structure and so homogeneous, agrarian compatible superabsorbent composites can be constructed that fully meet all requirements.
  • Fig.l blown perlite particles as fragments B of the pores cell walls;
  • Fig. 2 expanded perlite in particle form P in an enlarged schematic view.
  • the expanded perlite must be used in particle form, namely that these perlite particles must break through and / or be obtained from expanded perlite and thus consist of the comminuted, porous pore walls / cell walls of larger expanded perlites. balls. This is illustrated in FIG.
  • the expanded perlite particles used according to the invention fulfill a matrix and carrier function on the one hand in the composites and on the other hand prevent the SAP from forming into a solid gel upon exposure to water and the hydrogel formation resulting therefrom SAP particles are separated.
  • This drainage effect can be significantly increased if the proportion of xylitol and / or xylitol fibers in the composites according to the invention is increased.
  • novel composite materials according to the invention are homogeneous in structure and fully meet all requirements that are placed on soil improvement products with humus-forming properties and repeatedly activated long-term water storage effect and are simple and inexpensive to produce.
  • the following production technologies can preferably be used for the formation of homogeneous composites in a very wide variety of forms and compositions:
  • the total mixing time is 3 minutes and the temperature rises to 30 ° Celsius.
  • the composite material thus formed is dark brown and homogeneous in structure, crumbly, porous and the particle size is between 800 and 1500 microns and the composite can be referred to as earth-moist fine granules, which is free-flowing and well dosed in this form and does not stick together or clumped.
  • the bulk density was about 550g per liter.
  • the composite as finished product has the following composition in weight percent, rounded: (1) Lignite with xylitol content: 14,2%
  • the composite material according to Example 1 is able to absorb water under volume increase up to 60 times the dry weight and store this and release it again. After delivery of the bound water, so after removal of the hydrogel state by evaporation of the absorbed water and / or the delivery of water, by recording through the plant roots, the composite material is always able to absorb water, store and deliver.
  • the composite material of Example 1 is, for example, excellent as an admixture to Rooerdemischungen in which increases the water storage capacity and the humus formation is to be positively influenced.
  • the soil-moist composite attaches very well to the crumbs of the Rooerdemischung.
  • the water discharge could be reduced by about 40% in the amount of water, but the yield of tomatoes was increased by about 1 70% compared to a comparison crop without entry of the composite according to the invention.
  • hydrogel-forming polymers and / or copolymers can be used to construct the composite material. This makes it possible to produce customized composite materials for specific applications.
  • the choice of hydrogel-forming polymers and / or copolymers depends on the desired product properties and applications. This also applies to the proportion of composite material in the composite material according to the invention. ⁇ l contained hydrogel-forming polymers and / or copolymers and for the proportion of lignite and brown coal xylitol.
  • the composite as finished product has the following composition in weight percent, rounded:
  • perlite particles according to the invention has once again proved to be very advantageous, since this additive serves as an additional matrix in Kompositm ⁇ teri ⁇ l and also prevents the caking of the granular composite material whose irregularly shaped particle sizes are between 800 to 2500 micrometers and which has a bulk density of 680 grams per liter.
  • the inventive composite material according to Example 2 can be used, for example, for submerging under potting soil or plant substrates whose water storage capacity must be increased.
  • this composite material readily deposits well on the substrate constituents, including peat, wood flour and other organic substances, prevents drying out and thus improves wetting ability with water while at the same time providing very good water storage capacity.
  • SAP SAP
  • the addition levels of SAP in these applications depend on the water binding capacity to be achieved. It is also possible to incorporate this composite material directly into dry soils.
  • the composite material has an average water binding capacity of more than 40 times its own weight and thereby expands under volume enlargement to 45 times its original volume.
  • the composite material according to Example 2 was dried in a vacuum dryer to a residual water content ⁇ 15 percent by weight and then formed under pressure application by means of pelletizing presses into scattered granules. For the formation of such compacted moldings, so granules of different sizes and shapes but also roll presses, extruders and other shaping technologies can be used.
  • the composite materials thus formed are particularly suitable for use as long-term water storage, if it is to be used punctually, for example for introduction into planting holes for trees or shrubs.
  • Example 4
  • the water content is increased to more than 48 percent by weight during the production of the composite material according to the invention, a flaky, porous, soft gel-like agglomerate is formed.
  • the particle size is determined by the proportion of water in the composite as a function of the feed grain size of the SAP and the other additives. Whereby the SAP and the hydrogel formed therefrom are essential for the particle size of the composite.
  • Example 2 Given this, a composite prepared according to Example 2 and the water content in the composite was adjusted to 50 weight percent.
  • the composite had the following composition:
  • the relatively soft, pressure-sensitive composite was then processed by means of a Einscheckenpress (extruder) with orbital granulator to cylindrically shaped granules with a strand length of about 3-4 mm and a diameter of 3 - 3.5 mm.
  • the wet granules were then dried on a belt dryer to a residual moisture of ⁇ 20 weight percent.
  • the granules had a porous structure and a drying-related volume shrinkage of about 40% and a very stable strength.
  • This composite material which is shaped as agglomerate granules, can be used, for example, alone or in admixture with materials other than water-binding drainage in green roofs.
  • organic and / or inorganic binders are incorporated in the processing via screw presses for solidifying the granulate strands via suitable metering devices.
  • the addition of lignin compounds and / or Ligninderiva- th is advantageous, in particular the addition or the formation of ügninsulfo- natkomplexen as a reaction product of aqueous calcium lignosulfonates with calcium oxide brings essential Improvements in the Strukturstabitician the granulate strands and the granules produced therefrom.
  • the composites as structurizing and / or as humus-forming and compostable organic additives preferably with a particle size ⁇ 10,000 microns and preferably with a porous, open-pore structure but also in the form of fibers, preferably with a fiber length ⁇ 30 mm, to be added, from, for example, cellulose, paper, wood, hay, straw, coconut, cocoa, hemp, hemp shives, sugar beet pulp.
  • ground natural minerals and / or rock granules preferably microporous minerals and / or rock granules or water-swelling minerals and / or rock granules
  • the composite material according to the invention or the molded article formed therefrom or the shaped article formed therefrom serve to improve the soil structure and on the other hand are able to provide the plants with the appropriate mineral nutrients.
  • This can be, for example, rock powder from lava rock as well as trass, dolomite, bentonite, magnesite, feldspar, etc.
  • twin-screw extruder - batch size 500 kg.
  • This embodiment was based on the object to produce a composite, the one Made of 40 percent by weight SAP, has a maximum water content in the composite of 20 percent by weight and a high proportion of humus-forming xylitol, lignite, xylitol fiber and lava rock flour identifies.
  • composition-substance entry the following basic composition, weighted in percent by weight, was tested (composition-substance entry):
  • the raw materials (1) to (6) were fed via a volumetric screw feed to the mixing kneader (2-screw synchronous extruder), which was maintained at a temperature of 50 ° C.
  • the water was continuously injected via two integrated nozzles according to the recipe. Due to the pressure and kneading effect, the material plasticized and could be discharged at the Scheckenausgang as a homogeneous crumbly, irregular particle granules.
  • the bulk density of the particles which had a size of 2.5 - 3.5 mm and were largely free of dust, was about 700g / liter.
  • the composite according to embodiment 5 is best suited for machine discharge in large agricultural areas.
  • the composite materials according to the invention are to be designed in such a way that they are also ideally suited for receiving and binding and / or treating pollutant-containing and / or odoriferous substances.
  • liquids and suspensions such as, for example, manure, sewage and waste water.
  • oil and / or pollutant degrading microorganisms and / or plant growth-promoting microorganisms and / or animal pests defensive and destructive microorganisms and / or their metabolites to store and / or bind the pores of the composite material. It is advantageous that they are initially stored in the expanded Perl tepumble and / or bound to them.
  • inorganic and / or organic fertilizers and / or pesticides and / or other functional active ingredients and additives Preferably, these agents should be activatable by water action and / or be soluble in water.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the invention is the incorporation of cellulose fiber, microcellulose, waste paper fiber, wood chips, sawdust, wood wool, hay, straw, coconut fiber and coconut shell meal, ie generally the incorporation of organic additives and / or fillers preferably of vegetable origin, in the composite material.
  • This makes it possible, for example, to form flat, cardboard-like structures and mats which, for example, can serve as water-storing mats and / or seed carriers or also in conjunction with other planar support materials for cultivating plants in wetlands and / or flooded soil surfaces.
  • fibers of xylitol are used, in particular if the composite material is to be formed as a mat.
  • these developments of the composite materials and / or shaped bodies according to the invention can be used as oil binders and / or binders for water-oil emulsions, in particular in the form of pellets and fine granules.
  • a further advantageous development of the invention comprises incorporating natural or synthetic fragrances and / or perfume preparations, preferably based on essential oils, into the composite material according to the invention.
  • Such products find application as liquids and odor neutralizing materials in the control of foul odors and exuding foul-smelling liquids, such as those incurred, for example, in biotics.
  • These products according to the invention can also be used for odor absorption in the area coverage of landfills or in the processing of sewage sludge.
  • the effect of the composite material according to the invention is achieved by adding activated carbon, preferably highly porous activated carbon obtained from coconut shells, preferably in grain sizes ⁇ 5000 micrometers.
  • the composite material is formed as an aqueous suspension, which can be applied by means of suitable application devices and / or spraying and injection units.
  • these suspensions for example, additionally contains vegetable short fibers, such as coconut fiber and / or xylitol fiber.
  • the composite material according to the invention contains brown coal and / or xylitol and the humic complexes contained therein are present at least partially in water-soluble form. This substantially favors the desired humus formation in the soil, and it is particularly advantageous in this continuing embodiment of the invention that the soluble humic complexes can be stored in the composite material and released over a long period of time.
  • Wood grate ash is a mineral fertilizer or a soil adjuvant that contains many minerals and trace elements and can be compared with dolomite fertilizer (dolomite rock flour) as the minerals are initially in oxide form but then carbonated. It is particularly advantageous that the particles of the wood grate ash in the structure are similar to the finely ground expanded Perlite particles.
  • the term wood grate ash has become established, as it refers to the ashes remaining in the cremation ovens on the grate or being deposited as fine particles in the cyclone.
  • wood-grate ash used is a purely mineral fertilizer or soil conditioner
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is achieved in that the composite additionally compost, preferably obtained from digestate and / or manure is added, since this one high proportion of nitrogen identifies.
  • liquid active ingredients and additives which are to be introduced into the composites such as humic acid solutions, liquid perfume preparations, binders, etc.
  • liquid perfume preparations such as humic acid solutions, liquid perfume preparations, binders, etc.
  • the proportion of water required for the (composite) Hyrogel Struktur invention is introduced by means of water-laden or partially laden expanded Perlite beads (pearlite beads are filled / loaded with water) ,
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is achieved in that the expanded perlite beads are only partly transformed by mechanical force action into broken, ground perlite particles, preferably only 50% of the total mass of the entry and thus in the composite Proportion of multicellular, open-pore inflated Perlite is included, which promotes soil aeration.
  • this can also be achieved by adding blown multicellular pearlite beads, preferably so-called microfill perlite beads with a grain size ⁇ 2500 micrometers, into the composite. These may be hydrophilic and / or hydrophobic.
  • SAP polymers in particular based on acrylic acid and / or acrylamide, degrade faster by the action of UV radiation and thus the long-term effect is reduced as a water reservoir.
  • This problem is more than disadvantageous in the application of SAP and SAP composites in southern countries, because it is unavoidable that the composites and thus the SAP hydrogels, for example during plowing, reach the upper part of the soil layer and thus the reinforced one Sun exposure and increased exposure to UV rays are exposed.
  • vermiculites that is to say a Fe-AL-Mg silicate, also known as mica schist
  • mica schist a Fe-AL-Mg silicate

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une matière composite, notamment une matière composite homogène qui se présente sous la forme d'un corps moulé et/ou convient pour la réalisation de corps moulés, se composant de matières polymères et de lignite tendre et/ou de léonardite et/ou de xylite et de constituants minéraux issus de pierre volcanique et/ou de phyllosilicate, ladite matière composite subissant une expansion sous l'effet de liquides, en particulier d'eau, de solutions aqueuses et d'émulsions d'huile aqueuses, et convenant pour le stockage de ces liquides et la formation d'hydrogels et leur restitution.
EP10765562A 2009-07-22 2010-07-21 Matière composite expansible pouvant stocker des liquides, sa production et son utilisation Withdrawn EP2456736A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009034137A DE102009034137A1 (de) 2009-07-22 2009-07-22 Flüssigkeiten speicherndes und expandierbares Kompositmaterial sowie dessen Herstellung und Anwendung
PCT/DE2010/000840 WO2011009441A2 (fr) 2009-07-22 2010-07-21 Matière composite expansible pouvant stocker des liquides, sa production et son utilisation

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EP2456736A2 true EP2456736A2 (fr) 2012-05-30

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EP (1) EP2456736A2 (fr)
DE (2) DE102009034137A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011009441A2 (fr)

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EP3469890A1 (fr) * 2017-10-10 2019-04-17 KNAUF AQUAPANEL GmbH Agent de conditionneur du sol, utilisations du conditionneur du sol, substrat comportant l'agent de conditionneur du sol ainsi que procédé de fabrication d'un agent de conditionneur du sol
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DE112010003046A5 (de) 2012-10-18
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WO2011009441A3 (fr) 2011-06-03

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