EP2478046A1 - Nanocomposites polymère-graphite - Google Patents

Nanocomposites polymère-graphite

Info

Publication number
EP2478046A1
EP2478046A1 EP10754468A EP10754468A EP2478046A1 EP 2478046 A1 EP2478046 A1 EP 2478046A1 EP 10754468 A EP10754468 A EP 10754468A EP 10754468 A EP10754468 A EP 10754468A EP 2478046 A1 EP2478046 A1 EP 2478046A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
graphite
dispersion
copolymers
nanocomposite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10754468A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Helmut Görtz
Rolf Minkwitz
Rolf Mülhaupt
Rainer Wissert
Peter Steurer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ineos Styrolution Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Priority to EP10754468A priority Critical patent/EP2478046A1/fr
Publication of EP2478046A1 publication Critical patent/EP2478046A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
    • C08J3/20—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring
    • C08J3/205—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase
    • C08J3/21—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase
    • C08J3/215—Compounding polymers with additives, e.g. colouring in the presence of a continuous liquid phase the polymer being premixed with a liquid phase at least one additive being also premixed with a liquid phase
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
    • C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/08—Copolymers of styrene
    • C08J2325/12—Copolymers of styrene with unsaturated nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/04—Carbon
    • C08K3/041—Carbon nanotubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of polymer-graphite nanocomposites, polymer-graphite nanocomposites which can be prepared by this process and shaped articles, semi-finished products, films, fibers and foams produced from the polymer-graphite nanocomposites.
  • the graphite is oxidized in the first step of the process, then converted into an aqueous dispersion and mixed with an aqueous polymer dispersion. Subsequently, the polymer-graphite mixture is separated from the aqueous phase. During the process, the graphite oxide is reduced back to graphite in an intermediate step.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposites produced according to the invention have improved mechanical properties compared with polymer-graphite nanocomposites produced according to the prior art.
  • Filler-reinforced polymers have long been known.
  • the fillers are intended above all to improve the mechanical properties and the thermal and electrical conductivity of the polymers.
  • the fillers used are very different materials, such as wood and glass fibers, alumina, carbon black, graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (see, for example, H.G. Elias, Macromolecules Volume 4, page 372, Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim 2009).
  • Polymers containing as filler particles or fibers having an extent below about 100 nm in at least one dimension are also referred to as polymer nanocomposites.
  • Particularly suitable fillers for this purpose are, for example, alumina platelets, graphite and graphite oxide platelets, carbon nanotubes and silicate nanoplates.
  • Polymer nanocomposites have a further improvement in their mechanical properties compared to polymers reinforced with coarser fillers.
  • Carbon nanotubes or graphite nanoscale fillers when used in the appropriate concentrations, can impart conductivity to the polymer nanocomposite, with graphite having a significant cost advantage over carbon nanotubes.
  • a difficulty in the production of polymer nanocomposites is the distribution of the nanoparticles in the polymer, which should be as uniformly and finely dispersed as possible.
  • the layered graphite must first be converted to nanoparticles or formed into a form that allows the graphite to be converted to nanoparticles during mixing with the polymer. Subsequently, the graphite nanoparticles are mixed with the polymer. From US 2006/0231792 A1 it is known to first expand graphite by heating by means of microwaves or radio waves and to comminute the resulting platelets to a length of less than 200 ⁇ m. The graphite flakes are then mixed with polymers such as polyamides, polyolefins and polycarbonate in a blender.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposites according to the invention exhibit improved mechanical properties in comparison with polymer-graphite nanocomposites containing untreated graphite, conductive graphite or expandable graphite as filler.
  • polymer graphite nanocomposites according to the invention are very suitable as concentrates, so-called masterbatches, for the simple introduction of finely distributed graphite nanoplates into polymers, for example by coextrusion of the concentrate and the polymer (s). It is particularly advantageous in the production process that it is carried out with water as the dispersion medium, that is to say without organic solvents, and that the associated problems with respect to environmental compatibility and handling (eg fire hazard) are avoided. Furthermore, polymers obtained in their preparation as aqueous dispersion or suspension can be used directly in the process according to the invention, i. without separation and workup of the polymers. These steps can thus be saved. According to the invention, polymer-graphite nanocomposites are mixtures which contain graphite flakes and at least one polymer, the graphite flakes being smaller than 100 nm in at least one dimension.
  • step a) of the process according to the invention graphite is oxidized to graphite oxide.
  • oxygen atoms are incorporated into the graphite, resulting in particular alcohol, epoxy, carbonyl or carboxyl groups. These groups expand the spacing between layers and make it easier to separate layers.
  • the oxidized graphite layers are also rendered more hydrophilic by the oxygen-containing groups and more readily dispersible in water.
  • oxidized graphite is usually carried out by treating graphite with an oxidizing agent and an acid, in particular a strong acid.
  • the oxidizing agents used are in particular chlorates and permanganates, in particular sulfuric acid and nitric acid as the acid.
  • L. Staudenmaier, Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 31, (1898), 1481, and L. Staudenmaier, Ber. Dt. Chem. Ges. 32, (1899), 1394 describe the preparation of oxidized graphite, referred to therein as graphitic acid, by reacting graphite with potassium chlorate in the presence of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.
  • the production of oxidized graphite by steam in the heat may occur at temperatures below 1300 ° C (see F. Delannay, WT Tysoe, H. Heinemann, GA Somorjai, Carbon 1984, 22 (4/5), p to 407). It is also possible to work for the oxidation in an atmosphere consisting of at least one gas containing oxygen atoms in the molecule, such as oxygen, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapor. Preferably used are mixtures of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water vapor, oxygen and / or ozone or nitrogen oxides and / or sulfur oxides.
  • gases or gas mixtures containing oxygen atoms in the molecule such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, oxygen, water vapor, ozone and / or nitrogen oxides.
  • gases or gas mixtures containing oxygen atoms in the molecule such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, oxygen, water vapor, ozone and / or nitrogen oxides.
  • nitrogen or ammonia as the sole gas or as a component of the gas mixture to thereby produce nitrogen-containing polar functional groups on the graphite surface. This can be done in addition to the installation of oxygen.
  • the resulting graphite oxide is in most cases a mostly dark, voluminous solid.
  • the minimum content of oxygen in the oxidized graphite, determined by elemental analysis, is preferably> 10%, particularly preferably> 15%. Bigger salary than 50% oxygen are generally not accessible by the methods described.
  • expandable graphite which is also called expandable graphite
  • the graphite is expanded in the first step.
  • the product obtained is then z. B. ground in a ball mill.
  • the chemical modification is carried out as described above either by the thermal oxidation or by the oxidation in the presence of sulfuric acid.
  • the graphite nanoparticles in the polymer-graphite nanocomposites are platelet-shaped with a thickness of at most 100 nm, a width of at most 500 nm and a maximum length of 500 nm, preferably both the width and the length are at most 400 nm.
  • the graphite nanoparticles preferably have the Geometry of the graphite used.
  • step b) of the process the graphite oxide platelets are converted into an aqueous dispersion with the customary methods known to the person skilled in the art for the preparation of solid / liquid dispersion with water. This can be done by stirring by means of ultrasound, stirring and dispersing devices such as an Ultra-Turrax ® stirrer.
  • the aqueous, graphite-containing dispersion from step b) usually contains 0.01 to 5 wt .-% and particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 wt .-% graphite oxide, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the graphite oxide between step b) and c) or between step c) and d) is reduced to graphite.
  • the reduction is preferably carried out chemically by adding a reducing agent to the aqueous dispersion containing graphite oxide.
  • the reducing agent is preferably selected from the group consisting of NaBH 4 , diisobutylaluminum hydride, Zn / HCl, hydrazine, hydrazine substituted with organic radicals such as methylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine, hydroquinone, ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylhydroxylamine, sodium thiosulfate, sodium sulfite, dithionite, formaldehyde / Caustic soda, vitamin C, derivatives of vitamin C and mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred is vitamin C and its derivatives are used, in particular preferred is vitamin C.
  • derivatives of vitamin C meant that have the same basic structure as vitamin C and also have a reducing effect.
  • the skilled worker is aware of corresponding derivatives.
  • the reduction after step c) in the aqueous dispersion containing polymer and graphite oxide is preferably carried out chemically by adding a reducing agent.
  • the reduction of the graphite oxide leads to a destabilization of the dispersion and the reduced graphite oxide and the polymer precipitate together.
  • the reduction of the graphite oxide is carried out at weight ratios of graphite oxide / reducing agent of 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably at a weight ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 5.
  • an excess of the reducing agent is often not required, so that the reduction and more preferably at a weight ratio of about 1: 1 is carried out.
  • the aqueous graphite or graphite oxide dispersion is mixed with an aqueous polymer dispersion.
  • aqueous polymer dispersion means a biphasic mixture of aqueous matrix phase with solid polymer particles distributed therein.
  • auxiliary agents derived from the preparation of the polymer or polymers or used for the preparation of the polymer dispersion such as surfactants, protective colloids, starter molecules, cosolvents and
  • the aqueous polymer dispersions preferably contain polymer particles which have a particle diameter of from 0.01 micrometer to 3000 micrometers, preferably from 0.01 micrometers to 100 micrometers and more preferably from 1 micrometer to 10 micrometers.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersion contains at least 2 wt .-% of one or more polymers, based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion used, preferably the polymer content of the aqueous polymer dispersion is from 5 to 65 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 5 to 60 wt. -%, in each case based on the total weight of the polymer dispersion used.
  • aqueous polymer dispersion primary dispersions, secondary dispersions or a mixture of the two can be used in step c).
  • the primary dispersions are polymer dispersions which are formed directly from the preparation process of the polymer, in particular by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization.
  • Emulsion polymerization and suspension polymerization include, according to the invention, all polymerization processes in which an aqueous, finely divided solid polymer particle-containing, two-phase mixture is formed. These include suspension bead polymerization and suspension powder polymerization, macroemulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization and microemulsion polymerization, as described, for example, in H.-G. Elias, Macromolecules Vol.
  • secondary dispersions are polymer dispersions which are prepared by dispersing a polymer in an aqueous phase. This can be z. Example, by precipitating a dissolved in a solvent, water-insoluble polymer in the aqueous phase or by dispersing finely ground polymer particles in water.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersions comprise one, two, three or more polymers. Homopolymers and copolymers are grouped together under the general term "polymers.”
  • the copolymers may consist of two, three or more different types of monomers, and the copolymers may be block polymers, random and alternating copolymers, and also graft copolymers.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersion preferably contains at least one thermoplastically processable polymer.
  • thermoplastically processable polymer in the present case means a polymer which is suitable for further processing with the customary processes known to the person skilled in the art for mixing and shaping thermoplastic polymers etc.
  • the processing and shaping processes include, in particular, kneading, calendering, extrusion and extrusion processes such as fiber spinning, film, film and hollow body blowing, as well as injection molding.
  • the thermoplastically processable polymers include, in particular, those commonly referred to as thermoplastic polymers and the like
  • the at least one polymer contained in the aqueous polymer dispersion is preferably selected from the group comprising polystyrene, polyolefins, poly (meth) acrylates, polyamides, polycarbonate, polyalkylene terephthalates, poly vinyl chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyacrylonitrile, polyoxymethylene, polyimides, polycaprolactam, polyacetate and copolymers thereof, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers (SAN), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copoly
  • aqueous polymer dispersion which contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of SAN, polystyrene, polyolefins, poly (meth) acrylates, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers and butadiene-styrene copolymers.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposite contains from 5 to 99% by weight of at least one polymer and from 1 to 95% by weight of graphite, based on the total weight of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite, preferably from 80 to 99% by weight, more preferably from 90 to 95 of at least one polymer and preferably 1 to 20 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 10 wt .-% graphite.
  • the graphite oxide is not completely reduced to graphite in the reduction, that is, some oxygen-containing functional groups remain on the reduced graphite oxide nanoplatelets.
  • some oxygen-containing functional groups remain on the reduced graphite oxide nanoplatelets.
  • a carbon content between 81 and 97% can be achieved (see P. Steuerer, Macromol Rapid Commun 2009, 30, pages 316-327).
  • no 100% reduction is achieved, as shown in the examples presented below.
  • the terms graphite nanoparticles and reduced graphite nanoparticles are used synonymously with regard to the polymer-graphite nanocomposites according to the invention.
  • step d) of the process the polymer-graphite mixture and the aqueous phase are separated from each other.
  • This can be done by the customary methods known to the person skilled in the art for the separation of solids from the liquid phase, for example by filtration, centrifuging or decanting.
  • the water can also be separated by spray drying or freeze drying. Separation methods such as filtering, centrifuging and decanting have the advantage that the reducing agent used is removed with the aqueous phase from the polymer-graphite mixture, whereas when the aqueous phase is separated off by drying, the reducing agent used remains in the polymer-graphite mixture.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposite obtained in this way is, according to one embodiment of the invention, washed once or several times prior to further processing, preferably with water.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposite is still dried prior to further processing, for example by spray-drying, freeze-drying, oven-drying and air-drying.
  • the polymer-graphite nanocomposites according to the invention may contain, in addition to polymer and graphite nanoparticles and also compounds derived from the preparation of the polymer or polymer dispersion, further auxiliaries conventionally used in polymers, such as antioxidants, processing aids, lubricants and mold release agents, stabilizers, plasticizers, flame retardants, colorants, etc. contain.
  • the proportion thereof is generally from 0 to 45% by weight, preferably from 0 to 20% by weight, in particular from 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite. If one of the abovementioned auxiliaries is present in the polymer-graphite nanocomposites according to the invention, it is present with at least 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite.
  • Another object of the present invention are polymer-Graphitnanokomposite that can be prepared by the method described above.
  • the present invention is the use of the polymer-graphite nanocomposites obtainable by the process described above for the production of molded parts, semi-finished products, films, fibers and foams.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of the polymer graphite nanocomposite, which can be prepared by the method according to the invention described above, as a concentrate for introducing graphite nanoparticles into thermoplastically processable polymers.
  • the concentrate is used as a so-called masterbatch.
  • Particularly preferred is the use of the inventive polymer-graphite nanocompostite as graphite particle concentrate with a weight fraction of the reduced graphite oxide nanoparticles of at least 15% by weight, preferably at least 20% by weight and particularly preferably at least 30% by weight, based in each case on the total weight of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite.
  • the use of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite of the present invention as a concentrate provides an easy way to prepare polymer-graphite nanocomposites by mixing one or more polymers with the concentrate.
  • the at least one polymer is preferably one or more thermoplastically processable polymers, in particular one or more polymers which are already present in the polymer-graphite nanocomposite concentrate.
  • the present invention further provides a process for producing molded parts, semi-finished products, films, fibers and foams comprising a polymer-graphite nanocomposite which can be prepared by the process described above by i) optionally mixing a polymer-graphite nanocomposite which can be prepared by the process described above with at least one polymer and ii) shaping of the polymer-graphite nanocomposite, optionally mixed with at least one thermoplastic polymer, into moldings, semi-finished products, films, fibers and foams.
  • the at least one polymer in step i) is preferably one or more thermoplastically processable polymers, in particular one or more polymers which are already present in the polymer-graphite nanocomposite concentrate.
  • molded parts, semi-finished products, films, fibers and foams which contain a polymer-graphite nanocomposite which can be prepared by the process according to the invention.
  • Example 1 Synthesis of graphite oxide (GO) Graphite KFL (Kropfmühl AG, C content> 99.5%) was prepared by the method of Hummers (WS Hummers, RE Offeman, J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1339 ) reacted in concentrated sulfuric acid to graphite oxide.
  • graphite (80 g) was dispersed in sulfuric acid (2 L).
  • NaN0 3 (40 g) was added slowly and in portions within 5 h. The reaction mixture was stirred for a further 2 h at room temperature.
  • the dispersion was poured into an ice water bath (0.5 L). By adding a few milliliters of H 2 0 2 (5 wt .-%), the excess KMn0 4 was destroyed.
  • the product was filtered and washed with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution until the sulfate test of the wash water with BaCl 2 was negative. The mixture was then washed with distilled water until the detection of chloride with AgNO 3 turned out to be negative.
  • the product was dried by freeze-drying and ground with a centrifugal mill (Retsch, Z 100) to a particle size of 80 ⁇ m.
  • Graphite oxide (GO) (360 mg) was dispersed in 36 ml of water with an Ultra-Turrax® stirrer for 15 min at approximately 15,000-20000 rpm and turned into an emulsion of SAN in water (ESAN, BASF SE, 30%). Solids content, 6 mL, 1.8 g SAN). The resulting GO-ESAN dispersion was then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 h. stirred before adding a solution of Vitamin C (Vit C) (360 mg in 5 mL water) and refluxing for 24 h. After completion of the reaction, a black solid settled, the supernatant was colored slightly yellow. The black product was filtered and washed with water (5 x 50 mL). For TEM analysis, the black solid was dispersed in water (50 mL) using an ultrasonic bath.
  • Graphite oxide (GO) (360 mg) was dispersed in 36 ml of water with an Ultra-Turrax® stirrer for 15 minutes at approximately 15,000-20000 rpm and converted into an emulsion of polybutyl acrylate (BA) in water (BA, BASF SE, 34% solids, 5.3 mL, 1.8 g BA).
  • BA polybutyl acrylate
  • the resulting GO-BA dispersion was then stirred at room temperature for 2 h before a solution of Vitamin C (Vit C) (360 mg in 5 mL water) was added and heated at reflux for 24 h. After completion of the reaction, a black solid settled, the supernatant was colored slightly yellow. The black product was filtered and washed with water (5 x 50 mL). For TEM analysis, the black solid was dispersed in water (50 mL) using an ultrasonic bath.
  • Example 4 Regraphitization of graphite oxide (without latex)
  • GO 0.5 g was dispersed in distilled water (50 ml) for two times five minutes with an Ultra-Turrax® stirrer (power: 15,000 rpm). Subsequently, a solution of Vit C in distilled water (0.5 g Vit C) was added to the graphite dispersion. The chemical reduction was carried out at 100 ° C under reflux for 24 h. The black product was filtered off and washed with distilled water (4 x 50 ml). By means of elemental analysis, it was possible to observe an increase in the C content in comparison with the starting material GO used. The C content could be increased by the chemical reduction of about 59 wt .-% to about 80 wt .-%. The electrical conductivity of the pure chemically reduced GO was determined to be 250 ⁇ cm.
  • Example 5 Preparation of the test specimens using the SAN graphite nanocomposites as concentrates (master batches (according to the invention) or the comparative experiments a) Pure SAN and the SAN graphite nanocomposite from Example 2 were comminuted to a grain size of 1 mm before mixing with a Retsch ZM100 centrifugal mill in order to produce a homogeneous powder mixture. Immediately before processing, the powder mixtures were dried at 60 ° C. for 12 h.
  • the polymer mixtures from a) and b) were processed in a DSM Xplore 5 ml microcompounder and subsequent injection molding using DSM Xplore 5.5 ml Injection Molding Machine from DSM to give tensile strain test specimens according to DIN EN ISO 527-1 type 5A. All composite materials were homogenized at a processing temperature of 210 ° C for three minutes at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • Example 6 Testing of the specimens by tensile test
  • the specimens obtained by injection molding were measured on the basis of the ISO 527 standard using a Zwick testing machine (model Z-005).
  • the distance between the clamping heads was 40 mm.
  • the measurement was carried out with a 5 kN load cell.
  • the crosshead speed was 1 mm / min.
  • the modulus of elasticity was determined by the secant method by determining the slope of the straight lines through the measuring points at 0.05% and 0.25%. From 4 to 5 specimens per sample were measured and the average and standard deviation values were determined from the measured values.
  • the machine control and data evaluation was done with the Zwick Text Xpert software version 1 1.0 according to ISO 527.
  • Composition Type Filler Content Filling modulus material [weight- [MPa]%]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un nanocomposite polymère-graphite comprenant les étapes de a) oxydation de graphite en oxyde de graphite, b) transfert de l'oxyde de graphite dans une dispersion aqueuse, c) mélange de la dispersion aqueuse obtenue en b), contenant de l'oxyde de graphite ou le cas échéant de l'oxyde de graphite réduit, avec une dispersion aqueuse polymère contenant au moins un polymère, et d) séparation du mélange polymère-graphite à partir de de la phase aqueuse, l'oxyde de graphite oxydé à l'étape a) étant réduit en graphite entre les étapes b) et c), entre les étapes c) et d).
EP10754468A 2009-09-18 2010-09-13 Nanocomposites polymère-graphite Withdrawn EP2478046A1 (fr)

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EP10754468A EP2478046A1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2010-09-13 Nanocomposites polymère-graphite

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EP09170631 2009-09-18
EP10754468A EP2478046A1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2010-09-13 Nanocomposites polymère-graphite
PCT/EP2010/063343 WO2011032899A1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2010-09-13 Nanocomposites polymère-graphite

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CN109825346A (zh) * 2019-03-04 2019-05-31 宁波辉宏新材料有限公司 一种石墨烯复合脱模剂及其制备方法
CN112899805B (zh) * 2020-12-14 2023-10-24 江苏新泰材料科技有限公司 一种疏水材料的制备方法及其应用
CN113248874B (zh) * 2021-05-12 2023-01-03 东莞市通锦新材料科技有限公司 一种改性tpee电缆料及其制备方法

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