EP2500472A1 - Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues - Google Patents

Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2500472A1
EP2500472A1 EP11158682A EP11158682A EP2500472A1 EP 2500472 A1 EP2500472 A1 EP 2500472A1 EP 11158682 A EP11158682 A EP 11158682A EP 11158682 A EP11158682 A EP 11158682A EP 2500472 A1 EP2500472 A1 EP 2500472A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction components
ballast
hydroxyl number
reaction mixture
ballast stones
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11158682A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Thiel
Oliver Bruns
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Covestro International SA
Covestro Deutschland AG
Original Assignee
Bayer International SA
Bayer MaterialScience AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer International SA, Bayer MaterialScience AG filed Critical Bayer International SA
Priority to EP11158682A priority Critical patent/EP2500472A1/fr
Publication of EP2500472A1 publication Critical patent/EP2500472A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/16—Fixed weirs; Superstructures or flash-boards therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/128—Coherent linings made on the spot, e.g. cast in situ, extruded on the spot

Definitions

  • the invention relates to partially expanded ballast consolidations on overflowable dykes and dams and a method for their production.
  • Dams, dykes, summer dikes, chafing oaks, flood dikes, backwoods, guide dikes, flood retention basins and overflow basins are referred to in this application as dams and / or dykes for the sake of simplicity.
  • flood retention basins are an important part of technical flood protection.
  • Technical flood protection is part of the flood protection strategy. It is supplemented by the flood-area management and flood protection (overflowable dams and embankments, issued by the State Institute for Environmental Protection (LfU) Baden-written, 1st edition, Düsseldorf 2004 and Design of Small Dams (Water Resources Technical Publication Series), Revised 3 rd Edition, United States Department of Interior).
  • the most important security element of a flood retention basin is the flood relief system. In combination with a sufficient freeboard, the dam is protected from overflow and destruction even in the event of an extreme flood event (see Fig. 1 ).
  • the flood relief of a partially or completely overflowed dam serves the harmless flood discharge via the dam structure and is lowered compared to the rest of the dam crest.
  • Overflowable embankment areas are an alternative in terms of landscape aesthetics, hydraulic load capacity and cost considerations with several advantages over conventional flood relief systems. By eliminating the freeboard, the dam height is reduced in completely overflowable dams.
  • rock fillings are used in hydraulic engineering for economic reasons. At the stone set, the stones are set individually. The fill is created by pouring and distributing the stones.
  • the individual elements of the revetment are durably stuck together by design measures and are therefore resistant to erosion.
  • the design is done for the connected revetment.
  • Dimensioning is the definition of a measure based on objective criteria during planning. The criteria can be based on experience, take into account physical laws or based on legal requirements.
  • the assessment bases and procedures are regularly laid down in the technical regulations and the national and international standards.
  • the starting point of the dimensioning process are the requirements that are placed on the object to be dimensioned.
  • the aim of the design is to determine the necessary and optimal size or load capacity of a component based on a calculation process or a table.
  • the design is documented in writing for testing purposes (if required).
  • the entire component that is to say the ballast currently associated with bitumen (mastic) is considered as one piece, since the monoliths are firmly connected to each other.
  • Mastic gravel can be referred to as "bitumen-bound single-grain chippings" that can be used to make a porous revetment.
  • This material has been used in hydraulic engineering for many years in the area of embankment and embankment protection on riverine waters. It is a drainable and coherent revetment material. The strong bond of the individual grains is made by the bitumen mortar.
  • the building materials grit mostly limestone
  • bitumen, filler, medium sand and fibrous materials are usually used.
  • the disadvantage of mastic-gravel is the fact that bitumen changes its elasticity, hardness and adhesion, in particular under UV irradiation, whereby in the case of overflow individual stones can be released from the revetment. As a result, the ballast is actually the weakest main element of the flood overflow.
  • the improvement of the Schottder properties is an important task to ensure a sufficient service life of the riprap on overflowable dams and dykes.
  • Task was therefore to fix the ballast stones on overflowable dams and dykes so that the aforementioned disadvantages are avoided without the measures are too complicated and too expensive for this and the process is too lengthy.
  • the invention relates to partially expanded or fully expanded ballast composites on overflowable dam / dyke bodies, which are characterized in that the ballast composites of ballast stones and polyurethane foam (PUR foam), which is located between the ballast stones exist.
  • PUR foam polyurethane foam
  • polyurethane foam rigid foams or semi-rigid foams based on polyurethane are preferably used. Foamed solid polyurethane based systems can also be used. The foams have a sufficient resistance to deformation and, moreover, have a sufficiently high compressive strength. Another advantage of the polyurethane material used is that it can be varied within wide limits as a function of the external circumstances with regard to pressure resistance, reaction time and pot life via the composition of the components.
  • the ballast composite according to the invention is mounted on the substructure of the dyke body, preferably on a filter layer which is located on the substructure of the dyke body.
  • the filter layer is used for drainage (see also Fig.3 ).
  • the aforementioned reaction mixture is used in the process.
  • the reaction mixture is applied to the filter layer, as far as it is present on the substructure of the dam / dike body.
  • ballast stones of the bed are connected by the introduced by means of a suitable apparatus reaction mixture, that is, by the resulting polyurethane foam to a holistic ballast structure (ballast composites).
  • a suitable apparatus reaction mixture that is, by the resulting polyurethane foam to a holistic ballast structure (ballast composites).
  • ballast composites ballast composites
  • the forces introduced by the overflow of the water can be transferred to the subsurface via the partially expanded or fully expanded ballast compounds on the overflowed dam / dyke bodies, so that the revetment (the ballast bed) slips or breaks or a single ballast stone is released avoided or at least made more difficult.
  • the two reaction components (polyisocyanate component and polyol component) are conveyed separately by means of a suitable apparatus (eg reaction casting machine) up to or above the bedrock, where they are continuously combined in a static or dynamic mixer and introduced into the bed via the spaces between the stones eg introduced by casting or spraying, where it hardens with foaming.
  • a suitable apparatus eg reaction casting machine
  • the polyol component preferably contains blends of polyether polyols with or without the use of hydroxyl group-containing fatty derivatives such as castor oil. Hydroxyl-containing fatty derivatives, in particular castor oil, increase the bondability and adhesive strength and, in addition, the flexibility of the polyurethane.
  • the foaming of the reaction mixture is carried out in a maximum of a few minutes.
  • the partially expanded bedrock or riprap on the overflowable dams and dykes is solidified by introducing the flowable, foamable polyurethane reaction mixture into the bed of the dam / dyke.
  • the reaction mixture is added depending on the height of the riprap at the application site in preferably an amount which is greater, the further up the application site is in the riprap. Wherein the mixture is adjusted such that the foaming process does not begin until the front of the mixture flowing downwards within the riprap has reached the bottom of the riprap. The foaming then takes place within the riprap from bottom to top.
  • the flowable, foamable reaction mixture is adjusted so that the foaming process takes place only after a certain time after introduction of the mixture into the riprap.
  • the foaming process retarding properties of the reaction mixture are possible by suitable choice of the corresponding components and additives for the flowable and foamable reaction mixture.
  • Foaming usually takes place from bottom to top, ie to the topmost layer of the riprap.
  • For UV protection of the near-top region of the foam it may additionally be expedient to apply a further loose rock fill to the revetment thus produced.
  • the riprap in particular as preparation for carrying out the method according to the invention, it is expedient to proceed by introducing hot air into the riprap from above, which exits laterally, determining the relative humidity of the exiting air and ending the process of heating the riprap if the mean humidity is less than a preset threshold.
  • the heat input into the riprap can be controlled depending on the exiting humidity by the humidity of the outgoing rock from the backfill air is measured in several places, the heating of the riprap is terminated when the average humidity is less than a predetermined threshold.
  • the riprap has been heated before the introduction of the foamable reaction mixture, or has a higher temperature, which may be given depending on the ambient conditions without heating by an additional heat source.
  • the ballast stones of the revetment are connected by the introduced polyurethane foam together to form a holohedral structure or a coherent revetment.
  • the adhesive strength of the foam on the ballast stone and the structure density of the foam can be of the order of magnitude of the maximum load entry in the overflow case, plus a safety factor.
  • the reaction mixture may be expedient to clean the stones before introducing the reaction mixture.
  • This can be done by means of a high-pressure cleaner, by washing with water or, in particular, with new stones by the naturally occurring rain. Thereafter, as described above, wherein after completion of the riprap of the new or the renewed or the revitalized revetment, this is foamed with foam material.
  • the foam consists of a large number of pores, the closing of the cavities does not result in a rigid ballast compound. Rather, it creates an elastic composite with many shock absorbers, whereby the longevity of the revetment, especially at frequent overflows is significantly increased.
  • the illustration 1 shows both a dam with freeboard (1) and an overflowable dam without freeboard (2).
  • the difference between the dam (1) and the accumulation target (3) of the water (5) is referred to as freeboard (4).
  • the Figure 2 shows an overflowed dam with the base (10), in which the water (5) flows over the dam crown.
  • a stone is released from the riprap (9), at (7) the revetment breaks and at (8) the revetment slides below the crossbar (12).
  • the Figure 3 shows an enlarged section Figure 2 with an additional filter layer (11).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
EP11158682A 2011-03-17 2011-03-17 Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues Withdrawn EP2500472A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11158682A EP2500472A1 (fr) 2011-03-17 2011-03-17 Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11158682A EP2500472A1 (fr) 2011-03-17 2011-03-17 Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2500472A1 true EP2500472A1 (fr) 2012-09-19

Family

ID=44080454

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11158682A Withdrawn EP2500472A1 (fr) 2011-03-17 2011-03-17 Renforcement de la cloison partiellement en mousse pour barrages et digues

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2500472A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140161526A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2014-06-12 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Process for the production of ballast

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB975646A (en) * 1962-11-12 1964-11-18 Nederlanden Staat Improvements in covering layers for protecting slopes and the like
US5544973A (en) * 1995-03-14 1996-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Concrete step embankment protection
DE10241293A1 (de) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Befestigung von Ufern
US20070172590A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Andreas Hoffmann Ballast and process for the production of ballast

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB975646A (en) * 1962-11-12 1964-11-18 Nederlanden Staat Improvements in covering layers for protecting slopes and the like
US5544973A (en) * 1995-03-14 1996-08-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Interior Concrete step embankment protection
DE10241293A1 (de) * 2002-09-04 2004-03-18 Basf Ag Verfahren zur Befestigung von Ufern
US20070172590A1 (en) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Andreas Hoffmann Ballast and process for the production of ballast

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Karlsruhe 2004 und Design of Small Dams", WATER RESOURCES TECHNICAL PUBLICATION SERIES

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140161526A1 (en) * 2011-03-24 2014-06-12 Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh Process for the production of ballast
US9297121B2 (en) * 2011-03-24 2016-03-29 Covestro Deutschland Ag Process for the production of ballast

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