Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
  • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
  • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
  • E04B2/8641—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms using dovetail-type connections

Definitions

• the present invention refers to non-returnable gauge boxes (or frameworks that stay in place) and in particular gauge boxes to be used in the building constructions.
• gauge box A framework that stays in place is a structure that allows structures to form in concrete, also called gauge box.
• the gauge box is constituted by a wrapping inside of which the cement is placed. The cement remains in the gauge box until it matures (or better until the cure has not taken place) , better yet until the cement has not acquired a mechanical resistance so that it becomes able even without the help of the gauge box.
• gauge boxes constituted by metal panels or looms are placed and therefore positioned according to the form that the cement structure must undertake. This type of gauge box is typically reusable for a determined number of times according to the material of
• non- returnable gauge box is a gauge box that is not removed once the cement sticks, actually it remains jointed with the formed cement structure.
• the present invention refers to non-returnable gauge boxes (or frameworks that stay in place) and in particular gauge boxes to be used in the building constructions.
• gauge box In the place of invention for building constructions the - utilization of gauge boxes is well known.
• a framework that stays in place is a structure that allows structures to form in concrete, also called gauge box.
• the gauge box is constituted by a wrapping inside of which the cement is placed. The cement remains in the gauge box until it matures (or better until the cure has not taken place) , better yet until the cement has not acquired a mechanical resistance so that it becomes able even without the help of the gauge box.
• gauge boxes constituted by metal panels or looms are placed and therefore positioned according to the form that the cement structure must undertake. This type of gauge box is typically reusable for a determined number of times according to the material of
• non- returnable gauge box is a gauge box that is not removed once the cement sticks, actually it remains jointed with the formed cement structure.
• Non-returnable gauge boxes inclusive of a wrapping in
• polystyrene are also well known.
• An example of such gauge boxes ⁇ includes two opposite polystyrene panels, in which these panels are separated and kept a certain distance from one another through a metal bar attached to the two extremities with each of the two panels.
• the gauge box when you want to build a wall having particular dimensions or forms, the gauge box must be redesigned so to adapt to the desired structure.
• the redesign of the gauge box means for example that the redesign of the metal panels or bar dimension, which are components of the gauge box.
• the panels must also be redesigned or properly produced even according to the thickness of the polystyrene necessary
• the object of the present invention is to obviate at least some of the disadvantages present in the state of art as discussed above . 3
• a non-returnable gauge box is furnished inclusive two panels (A) of insulation material opposed to one another, each of the said panels
• the gauge box also includes distance boxes or spacing means (Z,A-H) inclusive of two
• the gauge box is characterized by the fact that said distance boxes (Z, A-H) include a cavity that extends to one of the said extremity to the other said extremity along the said predetermined length, called cavity presenting two openings each in correspondence of one of the said extremity and so to find itself overlooking the surface of said panels when the first and second uniting pieces are matching one another.
• a distance box system is furnished for gauge boxes inclusive two opposite panels.
• This distance box system includes distance boxes
• the distance box system is such that the mentioned distance boxes include a cavity that extends from one mentioned extremity to the other of the mentioned extremities along the mentioned predetermined length, so called cavity presenting two openings each in correspondence of one of the mentioned extremities.
• a modular distance box inclusive of at least a connector (B) provided of 4
• the mentioned second uniting pieces are suitable to match with the first uniting pieces provided on at least a panel of a non- returnable gauge box (A) .
• the modular distance box also includes a distance box system (C-H) provided of fourth uniting pieces suitable to match with the mentioned third uniting pieces.
• a non-returnable gauge box is provided, inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of insulation materials, each of the two mentioned panels (A) provided with the first uniting pieces.
• the gauge box also includes a modular distance box as for example foreseen by the first aspect of the invention.
• the invention supplies an assembly method of a non-returnable gauge box, the gauge box inclusive of two panels and a modular distance box, the distance box includes at least two connectors and a distance box system.
• This method includes the phases of uniting each of the two connectors (B) and a corresponding panel (A) ; and to unite the distance box to the two connectors.
• the invention supplies a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of a first and second of the two distanced and opposed internal panels, in which the first mentioned opposite internal panels presents on an external surface of the gauge box (external in respect to the surface that will be exposed to the cement, and therefore external respect to the surface that will match with the
• a panel included for the non-returnable gauge box called panel inclusive of the first uniting pieces supplies on a first surface of the mentioned panel and second uniting pieces supplied on a second surface of the mentioned panel, in which the mentioned second surface is opposite of the. first surface (along the direction of the thickness of the panel) , in which the mentioned first and second uniting pieces have configurations suitable to receive, respectively, the mentioned second and first uniting pieces.
• An advantage obtained consists in the fact that a wall with a thermic layer is easily achievable, having a desired thickness without having to draw each time the panels according to the needs or without running back to assembly methods that require more time and work (for example gluing more panels together). Ulterior aspects and modifications of the invention are defined in demand. As follows there will be different examples in which the present invention can be realized.
• Figure 1 illustrates a gauge box inclusive of two panels and a distance box with a cavity
• Figures 2a and 2b illustrate two views of a gauge box including an example of a modular system of distance boxes
• Figures 3a and 3b illustrate two views of a gauge box inclusive an ulterior example of modular system of distance boxes
• Figure 4 illustrates an example of matches of a panel with othe panels to obtain variable thicknesses of the same panel
• Figures 5a - 5e illustrate different phases of assembly of a gauge box according to an example
• Figures 6a - 6e illustrate different phases of assembly of a gauge box according to an ulterior example
• Figures 7a and 7b show two views of an example in which a connecting element B can be made
• FIGS 8a and 8b show two views of an example in which an element C can be made
• Figures 9a and 9b show two views of an example in which element D can be made
• Figures 10a and 10b show two views of an ulterior example in which element C can be made
• Figures 11a and lib show two views of an ulterior example in which element D can be made
• Figures 12a and 12b show two views of an example in which element E can be made
• FIGS 13a and 13b show two different views of an example in which an element F can be made
• Figure 14a shows an example of how an element G can be made
• Figure 14b shows an example of how an element H can be made.
• FIG. 1 illustrating a non- returnable gauge box according to a first form of realization the present invention including a distance box having a cavity
• the non-returnable gauge box as illustrated as an example in figure 1 includes two panels of insulation material (A) opposite one to another.
• An example of such insulating material is constituted by polystyrene (or polyester) or by synthesizing expanded polystyrene (also indicated as EPS) .
• polystyrene or polyester
• EPS expanded polystyrene
• other materials for example other polymerase can be utilized only if they are able to supply adequate properties of thermal
• Such materials have a specific weight so to make the panels easier to lift for example in respect of correspondent wooden or metal structures. 7
• a panel or both panels can . be inclined in respect to a vertical direction. In such case, the wall will not have a uniform thickness but variable
• Each of the mentioned panels includes some first joining pieces Al suitable to match with spacing means Z.
• the distance boxes Z include two extremities Z3A and Z3B separated by a predetermined length L.
• the length L represents for example the length of the element Z2 or corresponds to the length of the element Z2.
• the length L corresponds to the length of a modular distance box system that is furnished to keep the panels at a determined distance corresponding to the thickness of the wall that is wanted through a non-returnable gauge box.
• the distance boxes of this form of realization are interchangeable with the distance box systems according to the present
• the realization of the pieces Al, A2, ZIA and Zlb can be such that the matches from the wall to the distance box Z can be realized regardless between pieces Al and ZIA or between pieces A2 and ZIA.
• the joining pieces can be such to make the distance box pieces Z of 180 degrees.
• first joining pieces are female joining pieces.
• the second joining pieces can be male joining pieces suitable to match with the first female joining pieces.
• the first female joining pieces include a
• Recession (or a cavity) realized in the panel for being able to receive a correspondent male profile Z1A or Z1B realized on the on the Z pieces in correspondence of the extremities Z3Aor Z3B.
• the joining pieces z of figure 1 include a longitudinal
• the distance box pieces Z can include more elements F2A, F2B, F2C having extremities F3A and F3B connected with joining pieces F1A and FIB.
• the elements F1A and F2B are suitable to match with other elements B and D.
• such elements can be supplied of elements F1A and FIB such to match with cavities supplied in the two panels.
• the non-returnable gauge box according to the present first form of realization is also characterized by the fact that the distance box pieces Z include a Z4 cavity that extends from one of the mentioned extremity (Z3A o Z3B) to the other mentioned extremity (Z3A o Z3B, respectively) along the mentioned
• This cavity Z4 presents two openings Z4A and Z4B each in correspondence of one of the mentioned
• the openings Z4A and Z4B are such to find themselves directly overlooking or in contact with the 9
• the distance box pieces Z or the distance box systems include two joining pieces each in correspondence of the two extremities of the distance box pieces.
• the present invention is applied even if one of the extremity (or both extremities) of the distance box pieces is supplied solid or attached with one of the two panels of the gauge box (or with both panels, in case both extremities are supplied in a solid manner with the panels) .
• An advantage attached to the present cavity consists in allowing the transpiration throughout the finished wall. Therefore, in respect to the state of art, a gauge box that is able to improve the conditions of the gauge box is supplied, for example to improve the healthiness of the environments that will be
• the mentioned first joining pieces can include a location (not directly
• the gauge box foresees that the distance boxes Z 10
• the distance box element can be constituted by a longitudinal element Z2 and by two components Z1A and ZlB supplied by the extremities Z3A and Z3B of the longitudinal element Z2.
• the longitudinal element Z2 can be substituted (in a variant of the distance box) by a gathering of longitudinal elements, you can see for example figure 2 inclusive of different elements F2A, F2B, F2C.
• the distance box pieces Z can include a structure which for example one of the elements C, D, E, F illustrated in figures 2 and 3 (as for the correspondent figures 8-13) , with the only difference that (not illustrated in the figures) in which each of the mentioned elements C, D, E, F includes at the extremities of the joining pieces to match with the panels.
• the element F is modified in respect to the one illustrated in the same figure, in the fact that the parts F1A and FIB are such to match directly with panel A without the necessity of element B.
• the distance box pieces Z include a distance box system and one or more connecting elements.
• a distance box system is a gathering of elements including one or more elements able to keep a determined distance from the panels.
• the elements F on the left and D in the center constitute an example of distance box system (an ulterior element F can be inserted at the right of D, and the structure in an ulterior example can be repeated as wished) .
• an ulterior element F can be inserted at the right of D, and the structure in an ulterior example can be repeated as wished.
• the distance box system can match with the distance box pieces described above (for example, with 11
• the connecting elements are ulterior elements suitable to connect the elements included in the distance box system to one of the panels.
• the elements B are examples of connectors that allow to connect an element F or D (included in the distance box system) to one of the two panels.
• the distance box pieces include elements F and D, represented by a high part of the distance box system, and the connectors B on the left and on the right to allow the matching of F and D with the panels.
• the distance box pieces can include elements E and C represented in a low part of the distance box system, and the connectors B to connect the elements E and ⁇ C to the panels.
• the distance box pieced can include the high and low parts illustrated in the figures 2A and 2B or only one of the two.
• the high and low part are such to consent a hooking of the high part to the low part.
• the high part and low part are the same.
• the invention also foresees the use of only one of the two high or low parts, even in case in which the two parts are identical one to another.
• a connector includes a connecting element to connect among them two or more of the elements included in the distance box system.
• the connectors indicated with an H are needed to connect the elements D among themselves so to vary in a modular way the length of the
• the distance box pieces include elements B, D, H, D, B for the superior or high part of the distance pieces and
• elements B and H represent the connecting elements, meanwhile the other elements represent the distance box system. 12
• each of the two connecting elements is furnished of the second connecting piece (described above, for example ZlA, Z1B or F1A, FIB) to match with the respective first joining pieces provided on each of the mentioned opposite panels A.
• the two connecting elements are supplied in correspondence of the described extremities, for example you can see Z3A, Z3B o F3A, F3B.
• the third modification of the first form of realization also foresees different intermediate cavities communicating that extend in contiguity throughout the mentioned distance system and the mentioned connecting elements, in which the openings described previously (please see Z4A, Z4B in figure 1; not illustrated in figures 2A and 2B, but present at the extremities of the connectors B) are respectively provided on the mentioned connecting elements.
• uniformity means that the cavities provided in each of the elements included in the distance box pieces (therefore this means that each of the elements of the distance system and in each of the connectors) so that when the various elements of the distance pieces are put in action (therefore joint) there forms a cavity that communicates in contiguity or uniformity and extends between the extremities of the distance pieces and each extremity faces one of the two panels.
• each of the elements B, F, D, B include at least an intermediate cavity such that when the elements are assembled and placed in the location of panels A, the intermediate cavities form a continuous cavity that crosses all of the assembled elements by element B on the left and element B on the right.
• an intermediate cavity can be furnished in each of the elements F2B, D2B along the transversal direction (therefore in the direction that is extended from panel to panel) and in each of the connectors B on 13
• a continuous communicating cavity is formed between ' elements B through elements F, D.
• More cavities can be supplied, for example through parts F2A, D2A and/or through parts F2C, D2C. As much can be said for the inferior or lower part (if present, which is equal or different by the superior or taller part) .
• An advantage attached to the presence of the cavity consists in the allowing transpiration throughout the finished wall.
• the most optional distance system includes one or more distance elements matching among themselves.
• the distance system includes, respectively, elements F, D (figure 2A) .
• the distance system can include even the inferior or lower part, equal to or different by the superior or taller part.
• the distance system includes distance pieces inclusive of two separate extremities by a predetermined length, in which each the mentioned extremity is supplied of first joining pieces suitable to match with second corresponding joining pieces supplied on two opposite panels included in the gauge box.
• the differentiator system also includes distance pieces inclusive 14
• the gauge box independently by the panels of the gauge box or by the gauge box in its complex, which is a system to allow the distance among the panels to be used for the draining of the cement in
• the gauge box is not necessarily a non-returnable gauge box.
• the application of the distance system is not limited to the non- returnable gauge boxes such as those in polystyrene, although a system inclusive of looms is also applicable, for example iron or wood, in which the looms want to be distanced so to guarantee the transpirability of the finished cement structure.
• the looms or similar structures therefore represent the panels to which the distance system is applied.
• the joining pieces can be constituted by simple pieces of opposition between the distance system and the panels.
• the present invention can be applied even in other techniques not based on non-returnable gauge boxes in which the systems or distance pieces include a cavity that guarantees transpirability throughout the finished wall.
• the advantage of the distance system in the second form of realization consists in the fact that it is possible to obtain a transpirable structure in cement, no matter what type of gauge box (non-returnable or not) or of utilized panels (in insulating materials, wood, metal, etc..) as well as the reciprocal form and position of the panels. 15
• the openings described are such to find themselves on the surface of the mentioned panels when the first and second joining pieces are matched one with another.
• the distancing pieces include a distance element having the predetermined length and cavity including a hole that extends along a predetermined length of the distance element.
• the distance pieces include an element which for example anyone of the elements Z2, F2A-C, D2A-C illustrated in figures 1 or 2.
• the distancing pieces include a distance system and two connecting elements, each of the two connecting elements supplied with the mentioned second joining pieces to match with the respectively first joining pieces supplied with each of the opposite panels, in which the two connecting elements correspond to the mentioned extremities.
• the figures 3A and 3B the
• distancing system includes the elements D, H and D (therefore two elements D equal and matching one another as indicated through element H) .
• the elements D can be equal or different.
• the connecting elements H can even be different one from another.
• the third modification of the second form of realization also foresees that the cavity includes different communicating intermediate cavities that extend in contiguity throughout the mentioned distance system and the mentioned connecting elements, in which the foresaid openings are respectively supplied on the mentioned connecting elements.
• a cavity is independently from the configuration of the distance system and the connecting elements constituting the distancing pieces.
• the cavity can include a hole made in each of the parts that compose the distancing pieces.
• the cavity is constituted by a joint of intermediate cavities communicating this way by a continuous cavity.
• the cavity (or the togetherness of the communicating cavities) is (are)
• the cavity's section can have any form, for example circular (in which case the cavity will be a hole) , square, rectangular, elliptical, etc...
• the cavity's section is not necessarily
• the third form of realization of the present invention foresees a modular distance piece for a non- returnable gauge box.
• the non-returnable gauge box includes two opposite panels, in which at least one of such panels includes the first joining pieces.
• the preceding observations are valid for the opposite panels, for example as far as the material is concerned
• the distance box of this form of realization also includes at least one connector (B) supplied of second joining pieces and third joining pieces, the mentioned second joining pieces suitable to pair with the first joining pieces supplied on at least a panel of the non-returnable gauge box (A) ,
• the distance box also includes a distance system (c - H) supplied in fourth joining pieces suitable to pair with the foresaid third joining pieces .
• the connector is an element that allows to attach, for example in a reversible way, the distance box system to the panels of the non-returnable gauge box.
• the distance box system instead allows to make an elevate modularity, since throughout the joining of the different elements and pieces, it is possible to obtain in theory infinite possibilities of distances among the two panels.
• the joining of elements F and D in the high part of the figure constitutes an example of a distance box system. It is possible to obtain a distance box system combining two extremities of elements F and D, and joining the remaining extremities of each of these with
• Figure 3 represents another possibility to realize a distance box system through the joining of pieces D, H, D (you can see for example the high part of figure 3(a)), which are 18
• the first and second joining pieces have similar characteristics to those described in reference to the first and/or second form of realization.
• the second joining pieces can be supplied on a distance box element (that can, in an example in which modularity has not been requested, by only distancing two opposed panels without the help of ulterior components) and. are to be joint with the two panels.
• the second joining pieces are instead supplied on a connector B to join with an element as for example the one indicated with F in figure 2 or with D in figure 3.
• element B in this form of realization is
• Element B is therefore a system that allows to attach, for example in a reversible way, a distance box system to the two panels so to obtain a modular distance and a non-returnable gauge box having an elevate modularity.
• the gauge box with great flexibility without the necessity of having to redesign the entire gauge box. .
• the modular distance box foresees that the first joining pieces include a location in correspondence of at least one of the mentioned opposite panels (A) and the foresaid second joining pieces include a profile suitable to match with the foresaid location.
• An example of such location can be a channel reached along the entire height or only along a part of the panels' height. At least one part of this channel preferably terminates on one of the extremities (high or low) of the panel, so that it is possible to insert the profile of the connector B.
• the channel has a section T with the vertical part of T terminating on an external surface of the panel so that the profile of element B, also in T in this example, can be properly inserted in the correspondent channel.
• Other sections can be chosen, as obviously to the person of this branch, which those with a rotated L of 90° or other section as long as they allow a match of element B with panel A.
• the modular distance box foresees that the foresaid distance box (C - H) includes at least one distance box element (C - F)
• the distance box system foresees at least one
• a distance box system can be constituted only by element D which goes and matches with two elements B, each matching opposite panels (A) .
• the distance box system includes an element F matching with an element D, which sooner or later go and match the two connectors B.
• the figure 2 (a) represents a distance box system inclusive of elements F and D.
• the illustrated system can be easily adapted to create different separating distances taking away some of the designed elements or adding others. For example, starting with figure 2(a), it is possible to add to the extremity on the right of element D on the right side of another element F properly rotated by 180°, which goes and matches with the other extremity free on the connector B. By this configuration, the distance box system can be stretched adding an element D and so on. As it is evident, in theory it can reach an infinite series of separating distances among the two panels.
• a first distance box system will be placed (for example the low one) ; therefore regarding this, and more in detail in the ditches of this, the iron pieces will be leaned on; successively a second distance box element will be placed (for example one on top and one in the center) inside the same panels and on this second distance box system and more precisely in the ditches of this there will be a second line of iron. Thanks to the
• the modular distance box foresees that the distance box system (C - H) includes at least an extension element (E, F) including two extremities, in which one of these two extremities is supplied with the fourth pairing pieces and the other extremity is supplied with ulterior joining pieces suitable to match with one of the distancing elements (C-F) .
• These ulterior joining pieces can be equal to the second joining pieces, so to increase the possibilities of combinations among the different elements.
• these ulterior joining pieces can be different from the other joining pieces, for example in the situations in which we would want to avoid that some elements accidentally end up matching with other elements.
• the modular distance box foresees that the foresaid distance box (C, D, E, F, G, H) includes at least one intermediate connectin element (G, H) including two extremities, in which at least one of the two extremities is suitable to match with at least one o the foresaid distance box elements or one of the foresaid extension elements.
• element G or H represent an example of the intermediate connectin element
• figure 3 represents a configuration as an example.
• the modular distance box foresees that the distance box system (C-H) and at least a connector (B) include correspondent intermediate communicating cavities.
• the distance box system (C-H) and at least a connector (B) include correspondent intermediate communicating cavities.
• Such cavities are such to extend along the whole length of the distancing elements F, D or of the connecters B and are such that, once the connectors B and elements F and D are placed, the cavities of each one communicate and extend from one part to the other of connectors B. Therefore, once the gauge box is
• the cavities according to the principle of the present invention, as evident even in all the present forms of realization and their modifications, allow a transpiration to the finished wall from part to part that eliminates or at least reduces the possibility to have condensation and consequent inconveniences. Therefore the healthiness and the conditions of habitation of the finished structure resulting are much improved.
• the cavity is formed by the
• a predetermined density of a cavity (for example per meter squared of the finished wall) can be obtained predisposing the number of the horizontal parts (F2A, F2B, F2c, etc..) presenting intermediate cavities. Varying such density it is therefore possible to vary the transpiration degree of the finished wall.
• the cavity can be a hole, with constant and variable sections. Although other sections are possible.
• the cavities can be in an example straight, resulting for example in a cavity in which it is possible to see through from part to part. Although, it is also possible to see different forms in which the cavity does not extend in a straight way from one opening to another.
• the modular distance box foresees that at least one among the foresaid connector and foresaid elements included in the
• the element F includes three horizontal parts F2A, F2B and F2C.
• the height of all of the element F is equal or correspondent to the maximum step in the vertical direction of the iron's position.
• Such parameter of the maximum step varies according to the present norms in the area in which the wall will be erected. It is supposed that such value corresponds to 30cm and that the height of element F is 25cm, therefore inferior of a certain margin to the maximum step.
• the iron will be positioned preferably in the ditches made in the part (convexity part) F2A. The prefixed distance by the ditches allows an easy placement of the iron.
• Figure 2 represents two ditches, although there could only be one or more than two according to the circumstances (please see also figure 8-11 for example) .
• the presence of more ditches allows to adapt the element in different exigency resulting by the structural calculation.
• the iron Once the iron has been placed in the ditches, it is placed in a new modular distance box successively to the first in the vertical direction. On the ditches of this there will be the placement of new irons of the armor.
• Such situation can be obtained, as seen, throughout a high and low modular distance box, different or equal among themselves. In such way it is possible to obtain in definite a step in the vertical direction among the iron pieces equal to the height of element F, in the example in the consideration of 25 cm.
• correspondence of the horizontal parts F2B allow to easily cut - for example on the jobsite - element F so that it is possible o proceed with the placement of the inferior part of element F now culminating with part F2B (being that the superior part is cut off) .
• On the ditches of this inferior part that remains is where the iron is placed.
• the superior part previously cut off ad inclusive of the part F2A is placed (therefore inserted in the gauge box as seen in the various forms of realization, directly or inside of the distance box system) above the culminating part with F2B.
• On the ditches of the part F2A is where the iron is placed. In such a way, it is possible to obtain the position of the iron with a step of approximately 12.5 cm thanks to the application of easy cuts in correspondence of the pre-cuts without the need to redesign ex novo the
• pre-cuts building elements of the gauge box.
• Examples of pre-cuts are illustrated in the figure 13a and 13b and indicated with F4.
• the presence of the pre-cuts makes the cuts easier and guarantees that the cut is made at the right point.
• the presence of the pre-cuts guarantees that their reassembly (even when different parts of F are mixed) result to be aligned on the reassembled structure.
• the presence of the pre-cuts guarantees an ulterior increase of the modularity of the modular distance box and gauge boxes of the present 27
• a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of isolating material, each of the foresaid two panels (A) supplied of first joining pieces and a modular distance box.
• a non- returnable gauge box is supplied inclusive of two opposite panels (A) of insulating material, each of the foresaid panels (A) supplied of the first joining pieces.
• the non-returnable gauge box also includes a modular low distance box and a modular high distance box, each of the foresaid high and low modular distance boxes include a modular distance box.
• the two opposite panels are adapted to match with the foresaid low and high modular distance box along a direction in which the foresaid panels extend to.
• This direction can be the vertical one of the panel so that the modular high and low distance box are aligned along the vertical direction when matching with the panel.
• the high modular distance box is simply leaning on the low modular distance box once matching with the same panels.
• the two modular distance boxes can be joint (with appropriate hooks or hooking mechanisms) , paired with pressure, etc... in other terms the first joining pieces are adapted to collect the modular high and low distance boxes along the same direction.
• the place in an example a channel having a T section
• the modular distance box of the forth and/or fifth form of realization can be the type described in the third form of realization and correspondent modifications, which can be inter changed among themselves as evident to the reader.
• the modular distance box can be made even by the distancing pieces or by the distance system of the first and/or second form of realization.
• the non-returnable gauge box foresees a plurality of modular
• distance boxes inclusive of at least two modular distance boxes supplied along a direction in the panel.
• a plurality of distance boxes, distance pieces or modular distance boxes are disposed on a certain distance one from another along a corresponding direction to the length of the wall.
• more mentioned distance boxes can be present in the two opposite panels.
• each of the panels can be drawn up with a plurality of first joining pieces (for example a plurality of vertical channels) at a determined step (equally or not uniformly distanced) along the correspondent direction of the length of the wall.
• first joining pieces for example a plurality of vertical channels
• the present invention in an example, foresees therefore gauge boxes inclusive of modular distance boxes along a first direction, the vertical one for example, and in a second direction
• each gauge box includes two panels and a modular distance box and the modular distance box includes at least two
• This method includes the matching phases of each ⁇ of the two connectors (B) and. a
• an assembly method is supplied in which the modular distance box includes a high modular distance box and a low modular distance box and the phase to pair the distance boxes s to the two connectors includes pairing the low distance box and the high distance box to the two connectors (B) .
• a non-returnable gauge box inclusive of a first and second internal opposite panels distanced and a first external panel.
• the two internal opposit panels are distanced through one of the distance pieces as d scribed for example in the other 30
• the external surface is external in respect to the surface that will be exposed to ⁇ the cement, therefore external respect to the surface that will match with the distance boxes. Therefore the internal surface is the one that matches with the distance box pieces and that is in contact with the cement, meanwhile the external surface is the opposite one. Normally the opposite surface (external) is the one on which the plaster is placed on.
• the surface of at least one of the mentioned panels welcomes an ulterior panel so that the thickness of the mentioned panels
• insulation material that covers the finished part is greater. In such a way it is possible to increase the isolating panel adding in a series of other panels, without having to re design and produce new panels having a greater thickness.
• the mentioned first internal panel and mentioned first external panel are disposed in series (along the direction of the panel's thickness) when the mentioned first and second joining pieces are joint.
• a configuration is illustrated in figure 4, in which it is possible to see two panels being joint along the vertical direction.
• the joint panels in series form therefore a single panel having a thickness equal to the sum of the thicknesses of the panels started off with.
• the gauge box includes a second external panel inclusive of second joining pieces suitable to pair in series with the first joining pieces supplied in the mentioned second internal panel.
• the gauge box we started off with inclusive of two 31
• internal panels can be supplied with two external panels, each supplied in series on each of the internal panels.
• the first external panel includes the first joining pieces on the opposite surface and the one inclusive of the mentioned second joining pieces.
• each panel is supplied with joining pieces - for example female - on the internal surface and male joining pieces on the internal surface, so that it is possible to receive the female joining pieces of another panel so to increase the thickness of the resulting panel.
• the mentioned first and second joining pieces are adapted to allow a reversible match.
• the joining pieces are such to allow an easier separation of the panel's joint in series. Therefore, the use of the reversible pieces allows an easy assembly of the panel having the major thickness without having to turn to non reversible pieces such as glue, that require a longer time in placement, a minor precision of the final result (for example due to aligning problems) and for major flexibility.
• the first and second joining pieces are suitable to allow coupling through a tran ' slatory way of a panel in respect to another, such situation is illustrated in figure 4, in which the two panels are coupled moving one of the panels respect to another along the vertical direction.
• FIG 4 A similar result can be obtained by putting the joining pieces along the horizontal direction.
• An eighth form of realization of the present invention supplies a panel for non-returnable gauge box inclusive of the first joining pieces supplied on a first surface of the mentioned panel and second joining pieces supplied on a second surface of 32
• FIG. 4 illustrates two examples of panel according to this form of realization.
• Each panel includes a cavity A2, representing an example of the first joining pieces.
• each panel includes a profile Al .
• the profile Al is such to be compatible with cavity A2, therefore such to make it possible to insert it in cavity A2 and to allow a reversible coupling of the two panels.
• cavity A2 and the profiles Al are supplied on opposite surfaces of the same panel. In such a way it is possible to connect in a series a number theoretically infinite of the panels.
• the panels can be made with equal or different thickness. In case the thicknesses are different, it is possible to connect more of them in series so to obtain a theoretically infinite possibility of thicknesses of the resulting panel. Designing different panels having each a different thickness and combining them in a different way it is possible to obtain ulterior combinations of thickness of the assembled panel.
• the first joining pieces includes determined number of cavities and the mentioned joining pieces include a same determined number of profiles, in which each of the mentioned cavities are such to be able to receive, respectively, one of the mentioned profiles.
• each panel can preset only a cavity A2 and a correspondent profile Al, therefore it can present a multiple repeated by regular intervals or less as long as each cavity A2 is supplied in correspondence of a profile Al of another panel.
• Figure 4 shows an example of different profiles and cavities.
• the modularity has improved since it is possible to choose and obtain different thicknesses of the panels during the assembly phase without having to redesign the panels ex novo.
• the profile Al present on the external surface can be plastered so that it becomes smooth. Basically, the presence of the profile Al allows a better grip of the plaster on the panel. It is also possible to prepare smooth panels on one of the surfaces, better yet panels inclusive only of the first joining pieces on the internal surface and smooth on the external surface, especially in case you do not want to join (ulterior) other panels in series.
• Figure 4 illustrates even profiles A3 and cavities A4 , both optional, disposed on the inferior and superior sides that extend themselves along the thickness of the panel.
• profiles A3 and cavities A4 allow a better positioning of the gauge boxes in the vertical direction, therefore improving the coupling of the gauge boxes along the vertical side when more gauge boxes are necessary in this direction so to realize a wa. having a height major to the height of the single gauge box.
• Figures 5a-5e demonstrates the different phases of the gauge box's assembly, of the iron's placement and at last of the cement's drainage.
• Figure 5 refers to an example of the gauge box as illustrated in figure 1 (please note that the elements C and E are disposed in different sequences (although, it is 34
• Figure 5b illustrates the gauge box in which some pieces of iron were placed in correspondence of the low modular distance box.
• the low iron can be placed by one of the sides of the gauge box.
• elements C and E are cut in correspondence of the pre-cuts C3 and D3 inferior before being put in the gauge box; only the inferior part to the pre-cuts is therefore inserted in. the gauge box, so that it is possible to place inside of the ditches at the bottom the first row of iron (the lower part in the figure) .
• the superior part (of the low distance box pre-cut) is therefore placed in the gauge box, and on the superior ditches is where the second row of iron is placed obtaining again the configuration of figure 5b.
• the configuration of the figure 5b can be obtained coupling the parts C and E and inserting the inferior row of the iron and placing the superior row of the iron; in alternative, pre- cutting parts C and E, inserting the inferior pre-cut part, placing the first row of iron, inserting the superior part pre- cut and placing the second row of iron.
• Figure 5c illustrated the gauge box in which the high modular distance box is inserted. Even here the coupling phases of the various elements B, C, E and B can be interchanged as most convenient .
• a third row of iron is placed in the ditches of the high modular distance box.
• the progress can be made with other gauge boxes along the horizontal direction in which the wall is developed.
• the operation can be made arranging other gauge boxes on the arranged gauge box, so to develop the structure along the vertical.
• Figure 5e shows the gauge box obtained through the phases of figure 5a-5d in which the cement is drained so to fill the space between the two opposite panels kept at the wanted distance through the modular distance box.
• Figures 6a-6e illustrates the mounting phases with the use of a modular distance box as illustrated in figure 3.
• Figure 6° represents the low distance box coupled with the panels.
• the elements C-G-G are visible coupled with the connectors B and they are coupled with the opposite panels.
• Figure 6b illustrates the gauge box in which a low part and an intermediate row of iron is arranged. The low row can be placed in one of the gauge box's sides.
• the high distance box is coupled with the panels and
• Figure 6d shows the gauge box in which the superior row of iron is placed on the ditches. The procedure of figures 6a-6d can be repeated in the horizontal and vertical direction so to create a gauge box correspondent to the wall that you want to obtain.
• Figure 6e shows the assemble gauge box in which the cement is drained.
• FIGS 7a and 7b illustrate two views of an example of
• Part B3 represents a profile (or a guide) suitable to be placed with a correspondent channelling A2 present in one of the panels.
• Part Bl presents a clutch to hook with other
• Part B3 represents the male part meanwhile part Bl represents the female part to couple with the other elements.
• the female and male parts are interchangeable in all the elements.
• One of the advantages of the use of the elements such as type B consists in obtaining a simple system but precise, that holds the rigidity of the assembled structure.
• Element B presents even a hole B2 that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part.
• the connector in the example includes a single hole B2 positioned in correspondence of the horizontal part B2C. Although, the hole can be supplied on any of the other
• Figures 8a and 8b represent an element C, also called "low connector", usable in the various forms of realization of the invention.
• the thickness can be any and chosen during the design and planning phase. Preferably the thickness is 10 cm, 15 cm, or 20 cm.
• CI represents a connection for the hooking to the held out tie (element B) , or at the unilateral clip (element E) , or at the clip (element G) .
• CI can be a simple connection,
• the pre-cuts are supplied as an example.
• every piece is usable, for example incisions carried out on one of the different components at a determined height that are needed to make the cut easier, since the pre-engraved part is more easy to cut integrally. Furthermore, through such pre- engraving is easy to guarantee that the integral cut is done at a controlled height.
• Figure 9a and 9b represent an example of element D, called "high connector".
• the thickness can be of 10 cm, 15 cm or 20 cm, even though not ' limited in such values.
• Dl represents an example of connection for the hooking to the ties (element B) , or to the unilateral clip (element F) , or to the clip (element H) : this simple connection, denominated "male.
• D2 represents a hole that allows transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part.
• the pre-cuts are indicated with D3, thanks to which the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal armours, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities that are presented.
• Figure 10a and 10b represent another example of the connector C having a major thickness of the one illustrated in the figure 8a and 8b.
• the two elements are similar and present the same characteristics.
• the most noticed difference, attached to the thickness, consists in the number of the ditched that can be found in each horizontal part.
• three ditches (C2A1, C2A2 and C2A3) are realized on each of the horizontal bar, meanwhile in the configurations of the figure 8 only two.
• the number of the ditches is only an example, it can vary for a determined length according to the needs of the structural calculation and of the distance that the iron must have among themselves once placed.
• the elements can also have a thickness even greater so to mend more ditches if necessary.
• Figures 11a and lib illustrate an example of element D having a major thickness of the one in figure 9.
• the same considerations made for figure 10 go for the example in figure 11 (see for example the number of ditches).
• Figures 12a and 12b represent an example of realization of element E, also denominated "unilateral low clip" preferably having a thickness of 10 cm. Besides being an element of
• junction it can be also used as a continuous extension, with a step of cm. 10, to realize walls of various thicknesses
• the thickness can be of any value according to the needs.
• E3 represents a connection for the low hooking (element C) .
• the pre-cuts are indicated by E3, thanks to which the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal armours, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities that are presented time by time.
• Figures 13a and 13b represent an example of realization of element F, also denominated (unilateral high clip", having preferably a width of cm 10 (even if other widths are realizable the same way) . Besides being a junction element, this can be used as a continuous extension, with a step of cm. 10 in the example, to realize walls of various thicknesses according to the planning conditions and those of calculations.
• Fl represents a connection for the hooking to the tie (element B) .
• Figure 14a represents an example of realization of the element G, also denominated "low clip", having a length in the example of 5 cm (although other widths are realizable) . This is an ulterior piece that if necessary can create measures
• Gl represents a connection for the hooking to the low connector (element C) so to create a continuous extension among them and having various thicknesses.
• G2 represents a hole that allows the transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part .
• Figure 14b shows an example of realization of the element H, also denominated "high clip", having in the example a width of 5 cm (although other widths are possible) .
• This is an ulterior piece that when needed can create approximate measures to 5 cm, adding any combination made. Therefore the system modularity has increased.
• This piece can be placed upon the low connector and the low unilateral clip.
• HI represents a connection for the hooking to the high connector (element D) so to create a
• H2 indicates a hole that allows the transpirability of the finished element and mounted in every part.
• the panel represented in the figure is an example in polyester. In some examples it preferably has a thickness of 5 cm or 7.5 cm. Different materials other than expanded polystyrene can be used, as long as they are suitable to guarantee certain
• the panels are also distinguished by being flexible in terms of design and choice in the finishing materials.
• the panel can also 40
• Al represents a modular connection to allow the attachment of the panels among themselves, without other added elements (glue, screws, nails etc.).
• A2 represents a cavity for connection of the element B (tie) .
• A3 represents a superior and inferior denture of the panel, which allows any type of modularity of the walls in thickness (internal and external) with a fixed step of 2.5 cm in an example.
• the gauge boxes of the present invention can be used to realize bearing walls o non in cement, straight or curved.
• the form of the panels in fact determined the form of the final wall and through an appropriate shadow of the panels different walls can be used.
• the building technology is applied for example to the residential or industrial buildings (plastering of ceilings, workshops, etc..) .
• the industrialization of the jobsite allowed by production n the jobsite of the panels makes it certain and it is possible to quantify the cost and the time to build the building. It is also possible to guarantee
• the economies that are generated by the system refer also the wall assistance for the systems, which can be realized melting the polystyrene with fire and having the tubes pass fast and without getting the jobsite dirty.
• the system of the invention realizes also bearing walls in cement (armed and non) and walls that are not bearing (diving walls) , straight or curve, and ceilings o whatever type of light.
• the system' s modularity has improved thanks to the possibility to combine the elements in combination that is practically infinite. Thanks to this, there is the description of the elements type E and F also called “unilateral clips” (please see correspondent figures) and elements of type G and H, also called “clips”.
• the function of these two types of elements consists in creating a sort of continuous extension, so to obtain variable thicknesses, according to the various needs, both for planning and seismic, thanks also to the distinction of the fittings denominated "male” and "female”.
• the various connectors and clips that compose the system can be doted of pre-cuts. Thanks to these, the element can be reduced in height, allowing the thickening of the horizontal reinforcements, in virtue of the calculations carried out and the different necessities presented.
• the gauge boxes in the invention can be made for luxurious residential plans as for simple and repeated structures. Given that it is a "building system" it is possible to realize the structural part of the buildings in its wholeness, without having to go to other materials or technologies. Differently from many other systems, the present invention allows to consign the panels on jobsite not preassembled limiting and optimizing the costs of
• the assembled system gives origin to a single block construction continuous in sets of cement, and therefore without the possibility for the fire to extend through.
• the resistance to fire REI is variable in the range REI 120 - REI 180.
• the structures made with the building system of the present invention presents the typical advantages of the systems of bearing walls, characterized by minor flexibility under the action of horizontal strengths.
• the coefficient of structures typical of the system, necessary to plan according to the DM 14.01.2008 and according to the Euro codes exceeds a lot of what the constructions in cement.
• the building system of the invention allows to make any type of architectural form (included arches, steps, vaults, etc.) although the regularity and repeating of the forms allows, in respect to the known techniques, to fasten the phases realized and therefore to optimize the economy of the interventions.
• the building system of the invention can be classified "at bearing walls”. A correct architectural convention and
• the building technology of the invention offers different advantages. They derive from the peculiar properties of the panels that allow to obtain constructions with elevated
• a wall with a finished thickness of 25 cm is sufficient to satisfy for example the requests established in Italy starting 2010 by the D.Lgs. 192/05 for any climate area in Italy.
• This is thanks to the low transmission o the polystyrene sheets that eliminate any thermal bridge.
• the building technology of the invention reduces the consumes in energy up to 50% in respect to the traditional constructions .
• the bearing parts realized with the technology of the invention is necessary walls in cement inclusive of layers of thermal insulated material. From this characteristic is where we have high strength of the product and the possibility to use it with bearing function even in seismic areas of class one without the need of ulterior structural elements. 45
• the building technology SBP for its peculiarity to obtain according to the used panel supporting walls in cement or weakly cemented, with elevated characteristics of resistence, is ideal for the constructions in seismic areas, responding perfectly to the requests of the new norms (DM 14.01.2008 e Eurocodes).
• the other grade of versatility of technology makes it adequate to realize buildings with more levels for any destination of use and type.
• construction costs (and the timing of realization) of a wall realized with the technology according to the invention is in any case inferior to a wall of equal characteristics realized with traditional methods.
• the polyester protects the lay of thermal excursions allowing a normal process of cements accrue; the traces are realized with simple flows of hot air that withdraw the polyester; the plumbing ad electrical wiring are found inside the polyester.
• the building system of the invention uses a light material (such as polystyrene) which is the box (box is often used to mean gauge box in the sense of the present invention) that is non- returnable (obtaining a full wall in cement) .
• a light material such as polystyrene
• box is often used to mean gauge box in the sense of the present invention
• non- returnable obtaining a full wall in cement
• the gauge boxes of the invention allow to realize buildings according to the "building method of bearing walls in cement”.
• Such building method in general, relates to the building technology of the bearing panels in cement weakly armed (or partially) , realized in work, fully used (according similar types) at an international level.
• the building system of the invention for its internal nature, allows to obtain seismic service superior to the minimum
• the building system of the invention in fact allows to realize structures with boxed behaviour entirely constituted by nucleus in sets of cement armed or weakly armed, that guarantee an optimal resistance towards the horizontal actions. It is possible to demonstrate how a bearing set realized according to the present invention with the length equal to 5 meters and the height equal to 10 meters (typical case of a small villa on 4 /
• the elements B-H described above are made in an example in polyprylene at high resistance. In such a way it is possible to have a resistant structure and at the same time light. Although even the other materials are usable, not necessarily plastic but even metal for example.
• the elements B-H represented in the figures 7-14 present one single hole. Although more holes can be made for each element.
• the hole is only an example to realize the cavities. Other forms, section are usable.
• widths of the various elements A-H some values are supplied as an example, although any type of width can be chosen for each part according to the circumstance.
• the parts F2A, ... F2C of element F form an empty space. Inside this it is possible to optionally supply plumbing or some parts of the system.
• the use of pre-cuts can allow the positioning of such plumbing (for example for electric wiring, plumbing, heating, networks, etc..) or parts of the systems.
• the elements B-H (as the panels, according to an ulterior option) can be supplied with cavities that, when aligned one with the other, form a communicating cavity that allows the transpiration through the finished wall between the two surfaces of the wall itself.
• the two elements most external (for example the connectors B) will have two openings facing towards the respective internal surfaces of the panels.
• a stop system (not illustrated in the figures).
• the stop system can be realized for example through some outlines realized on the surfaces of the joining pieces, so that the coupling of the two elements continues up to reach a
• a stop is therefore an outline realized on the joining pieces so that for example by inserting the element E in the connector B, the pairing can go forward up to reaching a stop (a denture) realized in the connector B.
• the denture is realized so that the openings of the cavities of elements B and E of this example are communicating.
• a stop can be supplied in the element E joining the lower or inferior part of the denture SE with the surface of the part E3. in such a way, when an element (for example C or D) is inserted in the channel E3, the element C or D cannot go over the denture SE since this (thanks to the joining part) will not allow an ulterior flow of element C or D towards the low part.
• the stop can be supplied even in
• the joining pieces are such to allow the pairing through a translative way. Better yet, through the slide of a profile in a correspondent connection so to place it or un place it. Other systems such as hooks can be foreseen.
• the advantaged of the pieces based on the traslatory ways consists n the easiness of assembling the elements together.
• the devices, methods of building and methods of assembly can be produced at an industrial level and applied in the building construction sector.
• the object and scope of the invention are obtained and defined by the demand. The present description with the different examples allows understanding more easily the scope of the invention, although it does not limit it in the sphere that is defined in demand.

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-11 EP EP10805515A patent/EP2501874A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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