Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
  • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to coal fired furnace systems.
• the present invention particularly relates to coal-fired furnaces including systems for adding additives to coal.
• the invention is a process for treating coal to increase heat transfer efficiency in coal burning furnaces comprising: contacting the coal with an additive prior to or concurrent with combustion of the coal wherein: the additive functions to increase radiant heat adsorption of coal ash; and the additive does not include a fluxing agent.
• the invention is a process for treating coal to increase heat transfer efficiency in coal burning furnaces including contacting the coal with an additive wherein the additive is a pigment comprising at least 3 oxides selected from Fe, Cu, Co, and Mn oxides.
• Fig. 1 is a photograph of ash treated with 0.01 % additive
• Fig. 2 is a photograph of ash treated with 0.02% additive
• Fig. 3 is a photograph of ash treated with 0.05% additive.
• Fig. 4 is a photograph of an untreated sample of ash.
• the invention is a process for treating coal to increase heat transfer efficiency in coal burning furnaces.
• One type of such a furnace the stoker-fired furnace, was developed to burn relatively large particles of coal, up to about 1.5 inches in diameter.
• another type of furnace the pulverized coal-fired furnace, was developed for burning much smaller coal particles, e.g., where about 70% of the coal particles pass through a 200 mesh screen.
• Pulverized coal-fired furnaces have large steam generating capacities and are thus typically used in steam generating installations where at least 500,000 pounds of steam per hour are required.
• the electric power generating industry has been one of the largest users of pulverized coal-fired furnaces, since large amounts of steam are required for the production of electric energy.
• the coal added to the furnace combusts to produce heat.
• the coal that does not instantly combust falls upon a grate on which the burning fuel bed resides.
• the grate moves, in some embodiments, at a very slow rate, e.g., from about 5 to 40 feet per hour, and eventually dumps the combustion by-products (namely, residual ash) into an ash pit or some other receptacle.
• the grate may be stationary but have the capability of being dumped at periodic intervals to remove the bed of accumulated ash.
• the burning fuel bed is sluiced out.
• the coal to be burned may be treated with an additive.
• the additive is a pigment including oxides of iron, copper, cobalt and manganese. This pigment interacts with coal ash to darken the ash.
• the additive of the disclosure does not include a fluxing agent.
• a fluxing agent such as a borate.
• Fluxing agents in general and borate fluxing agents in specific are known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• One advantage of the additive of the disclosure is that it stays with the ash without the need for a fluxing agent.
• Other pigments, if not affixed to coal ash, may be problematic. For example, some pigments may travel up the stack of a coal furnace and cause opacity problems. Other pigments may present disposal problems.
• the additive of the disclosure may be used with any type of coal, it is desirably utilized with coal that has high levels of calcium. Such coal produces a very light colored ash and even a very small amount of additive may provide for a significant improvement in heat transfer efficiency.
• the additive of the invention is an inorganic pigment that includes at least 3 of the oxides of copper, iron, cobalt, and manganese. In some embodiments all 4 metals may be present.
• the additive may, in some embodiments, have from about 15 to about 60% by weight (as metal) copper oxide; from about 20 to about 70 % by weight (as metal) manganese oxide; from about 20 to about 70 % by weight cobalt; and from about 5 to about 30% by weight (as metal) iron oxide.
• the additive may have from about 25 to about 45% by weight (as metal) copper oxide; from about 35 to about 60 % by weight (as metal) manganese oxide; from about 35 to about 60 % by weight (as metal) cobalt; and from about 10 to about 25% by weight (as metal) iron oxide.
• the additive may be added to coal or it may be added directly to a furnace as coal is being fed as fuel.
• the additive is sprayed onto coal as a liquid prior to it being pulverized.
• a nozzle is used to perform the spraying.
• the additive is sprayed onto coal as a liquid after it has been pulverized.
• the additive is introduced into coal as a solid.
• Another embodiment of the method of the disclosure includes introducing the additive as a solid prior to the coal being pulverized.
• the additive may be introduced into coal or a furnace using any method known to be useful to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the methods of the disclosure may be used advantageously to improve power plant operations. In some applications, more power may be produced per unit of coal. In other applications, the need for removing soot from the inside of a furnace may be reduced. In still other applications, both of these advantages may be noted.
• An inorganic pigment including iron, manganese, and copper oxides available from the FERRO Corporation under the trade designation F- 6331 -2 is used to darken coal ash.
• a high calcium lignite coal is admixed with the additive at a concentration of 0.01 %.
• the ash is burned and then scanned.
• the resulting scan is evaluated using an HSB (Hue, Saturation, and Brightness) model.
• the HSB model represents points in an RGB color model that attempt to describe perceptual color relationships more accurately than RGB, while remaining computationally simple.
• HSB allows colors to be interpreted as tints, tones and shades.
• By converting the samples into this electronic color model it is possible to measure the difference in actual brightness, while keeping hue and saturation independent.
• the scan may be seen below in Fig. 1 .
• the sample is measured and has a brightness of 44%
• Example 2 Example 2
• Example 1 is repeated substantially identically except that 0.02% of additive is used.
• the scan may be seen below at Fig. 2.
• the brightness is measured as 37%.
• Example 1 is repeated substantially identically except that 0.05% of additive is used.
• the scan may be seen below at Fig. 3.
• the brightness is measured as 27%.
• Example 1 is repeated substantially identically except that no additive is used.
• the scan may be seen below at Fig. 4.
• the brightness is measured as 68%.
• a power plant driven by a coal fired furnace is operated using untreated coal. Variables recorded during the operations include the rate at which coal is introduced into the furnace, megawatts of power produced, and the frequency of "soot-blows.” This latter term refers to the process where soot deposited on the furnace tubes is blown from the furnace using a blower.
• the additive of Example 1 is introduced on to the coal being fed into the furnace by spraying a solution/dispersion of the additive onto the coal.
• more megawatts of power is produced per unit of coal, and fewer soot-blows are required per shift.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (6)

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• 2010
  • 2010-11-30 US US12/956,370 patent/US20110131874A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-12-02 RU RU2012128356/04A patent/RU2012128356A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2010-12-02 EP EP10836441.5A patent/EP2510077A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-02 AU AU2010328491A patent/AU2010328491A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2010-12-02 CN CN2010800547795A patent/CN102639681A/zh active Pending
  • 2010-12-02 WO PCT/US2010/058687 patent/WO2011071741A2/en not_active Ceased

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