Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C1/00—Crushing or disintegrating by reciprocating members
  • B02C1/02—Jaw crushers or pulverisers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
  • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
  • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
  • B02C18/02—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with reciprocating knives

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a crushing machine incorporating a knife crusher.
• the field of the invention is that of crushing solid bodies to reduce their size.
• a first and a second fixed jaw each provided with a plurality of frames arranged on parallel planes
• a first movable jaw provided with a plurality of blades
• US 3,346,202 teaches an apparatus for reducing the size of waste. This device also includes:
• a fixed jaw provided with a plurality of frames arranged on parallel planes
• a movable jaw provided with at least one blade
• the object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the size of solid bodies by optimizing the proportion of fragments produced during the treatment of these bodies.
• a crushing machine comprises a first knife crusher which comprises:
• a fixed jaw provided with a plurality of frames arranged on parallel planes
• a movable jaw provided with at least one blade
• a moving means for moving the movable jaw for moving the movable jaw; the blades each slide between two consecutive frames, moreover,
• the moving means comprises means for actuating the movable jaw so that the blades pass through the lights.
• the displacement means comprising means for moving the movable jaw alternately between two determined positions, the blades are located on either side of the lights in the determined positions.
• the knife crusher comprises at least two blades superimposed vertically.
• the knife crusher comprises, if necessary, at least two blades in the same horizontal plane.
• the moving means acts in translation.
• the moving means acts in rotation.
• the displacement means, the jaws have a symmetry of revolution.
• the crushing machine comprises a second knife crusher arranged downstream of the first knife crusher.
• the machine comprises a rotary crusher which comprises a pressing means resting on a receptacle provided for shear solid bodies between these two elements, the receptacle being a drum whose curved wall is perforated, the curved wall being rotatable along a reference axis.
• the reference axis is inclined relative to the horizontal.
• the pressure means is disposed within the drum.
• the pressure means comprises at least one roller.
• the pressure means takes the form of a carriage comprising two mobile rollers.
• the machine comprises guiding means for maintaining the pressure means within the drum.
• the curved wall is formed of a plurality of regularly spaced spacers.
• FIG. 2 the diagram of a knife crusher, seen in section according to a preferred embodiment, more particularly o Figure 2a, the crusher in the open position, o Figure 2b, this crusher in the closed position,
• FIG. 5 a sectional view of a rotary crusher
• a fixed jaw comprises in its simplest embodiment an upper frame 110 and a lower frame 114 which are parallel.
• the upper frame 110 has a lumen 113 which delimits on its left side a left arm 111 and on its right side a right arm 112.
• a movable jaw comprises a blade 120 located horizontally between the upper frame 110 and the lower frame 114 and located horizontally to the left of its light.
• the thickness of the blade 120 is slightly less than the spacing between the upper frame 110 and the lower frame 114.
• a solid body 130 to be crushed is held in the lumen 113 where it rests against the lower frame 114.
• the blade 120 moves to the right between the two frames 110, 114. This blade 120 wedges the solid body 130 between itself and the right arm 112 to shear it. The solid body breaks into a first 131 and a second 132 fragments.
• the blade 120 is at the end of the race to the right of the light 113 for the evacuation of the second fragment 132.
• the first fragment 131 descends and bears on the lower frame 114.
• the blade 120 moves to the left between the two frames 110, 114. This blade 120 wedges the solid body 131 between itself and the left arm 111 to shear. The solid body breaks into a third 133 and a fourth 134 fragments.
• the blade 120 is at the end of the race to the left of the light 113 allowing the evacuation of the fourth fragment 134.
• the third fragment 133 descends and bears on the lower frame 114.
• the fixed jaw 200 (hatched in Figure 2a) comprises an upper frame 210, a lower frame 214 and a plurality of intermediate frames 230. All these frames 210, 214 and 230 are parallel and spaced so that a plurality of plates 220 of the movable jaw 205 can slide between these frames 210, 214 and 230.
• these plates 220 each have two openings, one on the left and one on the right.
• a first blade 221 is delimited by the left wall of the left opening and by the left edge of the plate.
• a second blade 222 is delimited by the right wall of the left opening and by the left wall of the right opening.
• the fixed jaw 200 comprises a first lumen 213 and a second lumen 215.
• the right arm 212 of the first lumen 213 corresponds to the left arm of the second lumen 215.
• lights of the intermediate frames 230 correspond to the first 213 and the second 215 lights so as to close a first well 270 aligned with the first light 213 and a second well 271 aligned with the second light 215.
• the bottoms of these two wells are closed by the lower frame 214.
• the solid bodies 240 fall into the wells 270 and 271 to fill the knife crusher. These wells 270, 271 are therefore feed wells.
• the movable jaw 205 closed crusher position the plates 220 are moved to the right.
• the plates 221, 222 of the plates 220 wedge and shear the solid bodies 240 to reduce them to fragments 241 and then pass through the arms of the corresponding framework.
• the geometry and arrangement of arms 230 and plates 220 form a third 272 and fourth 273 wells. These wells 272, 273 discharge by gravity fragments 241 of the crusher. These wells 272, 273 are therefore evacuation wells.
• the stationary jaw includes: an upper frame 210 which is made with three upper arms, the left arm 211 and the right arm 212; the spacings of these three arms form a first 213 and a second 215 lights;
• a lower frame 214 which is made with two lower arms which close the lights 213 and 215;
• intermediate frames 230 which are each made with three intermediate arms. The spacing and positioning of these intermediate arms cooperate with the arms of the upper frame so as to create the feed wells 270 and 271 (see Figure 2a);
• two frameworks 284 and 285 which solidarily connect the ends of the upper arms, the intermediate arms and the lower arms to the frame 283 of the knife crusher.
• the drive of the movable jaw 205 can be achieved by any actuator known to those skilled in the art, here for example cylinders
• the thicknesses of the plates 220 and the frames 210, 230 and 214 condition the calibration of the sheared solid bodies.
• the movement of the blades 221, 222 relative to the upper frames 210, intermediate 230 and lower 214 is a translational movement.
• this movement can be performed in rotation along a first axis.
• the frames can take the form of coaxial discs at this first axis whose lights are radial.
• the blades in the form of disks are also coaxial with the first axis and rotate along this axis.
• the positioning of the lumens is intended to form the solid body feed wells and the fragment discharge wells.
• the movement can be made in rotation along a second axis.
• the frames and the blades are curved as opposed to the embodiment shown in Figure 2 and 3 where they adopt a planar shape.
• each frame and each blade take the form of a cylindrical sector whose axis is this second axis.
• this second axis is perpendicular to the cutting plane adopted in Figures 2a and 2b and is disposed well below the lower frame 214.
• the crushing machine comprises a hopper 400 in which the solid bodies are stored. These solid bodies are moved by a first transfer means 420, a simple conduit in the present case, to be sheared by a first knife crusher 401.
• these fragments are moved by a second transfer means 421, here another conduit, to be again sheared by a second knife crusher 402.
• a third transfer means 422 for example a conveyor belt, to be sorted by a screen 403 into different calibres (in this embodiment, a first 410, a second 411 and a third 412 calibres).
• the out-of-gauge fragments are moved by a fourth transfer means 423, here a chute, to be introduced into a rotary drum crusher 404.
• This drum crusher which will be detailed later is intended to optimize the calibration of the fragments at the end of crushing.
• the fragments emerging from the rotary drum crusher 404 are moved by a fifth transfer means 424, here another conveyor belt, to be reintroduced into the screen 403.
• a fifth transfer means 424 here another conveyor belt
• the number of knife crushers could vary because it depends on the size of the solid bodies to be sheared and the calibration of the exit fragments.
• the rotary crusher comprises a receptacle 500 taking in this case the form of a drum whose curved wall 501 is cylindrical. This wall is rotatable along a reference axis 502 which is here the axis of revolution of the drum 500.
• the reference axis 502 is slightly inclined relative to the horizontal and the reason will be understood by reading the following.
• This drum 500 also comprises two lateral flanks taking the respective shape of a ring 503 and a disc 504.
• a slightly inclined chute 505 opens into the drum 500 by the recessed center of the ring 503.
• This chute 505 allows the gravity feed of the solid bodies inside the drum 500.
• a slight inclination (of the order of 10%) of the reference axis 502 promotes the distribution of the solid bodies 526 along the curved wall 501.
• the rotation of the drum 500 along the reference axis 502 is performed by a mechanical subassembly. FR2010 / 000870
• rollers 506, 507 connected to a frame 509 on a frame 509 support the ring 503.
• a grid is here made with a plurality of spacers 512 fixed on the sidewalls 503, 504. These struts in lamella form are arranged radially around the reference axis 502 and regularly spaced.
• the inner edges of these lamellae 512 define the cylindrical wall 501.
• the edges of these inner edges are angular to improve the shearing of the solid bodies.
• the radial section at the inner edge is substantially rectangular.
• this perforated cylindrical wall 501 can take a multitude of other forms, for example a plurality of identical and coaxial thin rings spaced regularly between the flanks 503, 504.
• the rotation of the drum 500 can be performed by any actuator known to those skilled in the art to drive the shaft 510.
• the rotary crusher also comprises a pressure means 520, positioned in abutment inside the drum 500, on its cylindrical wall 501.
• This pressure means 520 here takes the form of a carriage 521 equipped with two movable rollers 522, 523 whose axes are parallel to the reference axis 502.
• This movable carriage 521 can be provided with a hinge on which is mounted a movable lever 525 supporting a third roller 524 also parallel to the reference axis 502.
• the drum 500 rotates counterclockwise.
• this third roll rolls 524 on the solid bodies 526 introduced into the drum 500 which causes a jerky movement of the lever 525.
• This jerky movement of the lever 525 produces a hammering effect of the third roller 524.
• the means of pressure 520 may be realized by a single roller whose axis is parallel to the axis of rotation 502 of the drum 500 as it can be achieved by a plurality of rollers.
• the force exerted by the pressure means 520 on the drum 500 is here due to gravity.
• this force can be exerted by a mechanical member, for example of the spring type, interposed between the frame 509 and the pressure means 520.
• the pressure means 520 is freely mounted in the drum 500.
• a guide means is required to hold it inside the drum 500.
• This guide means can be made for example with a rail circular 511 positioned inside the drum 500.
• This rail 511 centered on the reference axis 502, parallel to the sidewalls 503, 504 and protrudes from the curved wall 501. It is then necessary to provide a groove 513 in the rollers 522 (see Figure 2).
• the solid bodies 526 are introduced inside the drum by the chute 505, they fall on the cylindrical wall 501 of the drum 500 in rotation and are moved towards one of the rollers 522, 523, 524. These solid bodies 526 are each wedged between a roll 522, 523 and the drum 500 before being sheared and passed through the spacers 512 to fall into a manifold 527.
• the geometry of the perforated surface conditions the calibration of the sheared solid bodies.
• the crushing machine according to the invention is intended to reduce the size of solid bodies. It finds a particularly advantageous application in the treatment of cellular glass.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=42485576

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

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Family Cites Families (6)

• 2009
  • 2009-12-24 FR FR0906342A patent/FR2954713B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2010
  • 2010-12-23 EP EP10814763A patent/EP2516062A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2010-12-23 WO PCT/FR2010/000870 patent/WO2011077019A2/fr not_active Ceased

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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