EP2529480A2 - Procédé d'amélioration du rendement d'un moteur polyphasé et moteur permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé d'amélioration du rendement d'un moteur polyphasé et moteur permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

Info

Publication number
EP2529480A2
EP2529480A2 EP11702396A EP11702396A EP2529480A2 EP 2529480 A2 EP2529480 A2 EP 2529480A2 EP 11702396 A EP11702396 A EP 11702396A EP 11702396 A EP11702396 A EP 11702396A EP 2529480 A2 EP2529480 A2 EP 2529480A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
motor
amplitude
current
voltage
efficiency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11702396A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Markus Hirt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ebm Papst St Georgen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Ebm Papst St Georgen GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebm Papst St Georgen GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Ebm Papst St Georgen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP2529480A2 publication Critical patent/EP2529480A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
    • H02P23/26—Power factor control [PFC]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the efficiency in a
  • the multiphase motor relates to a motor for carrying out such a method.
  • the motor is preferably a permanent-magnetically excited three-phase synchronous motor (PMSM).
  • PMSM permanent-magnetically excited three-phase synchronous motor
  • the efficiency of a motor is defined by
  • n speed.
  • TMi (t) CM * ⁇ ( ⁇ ) * l (t) ...
  • I current to the stator, z. B. current in one phase, or total current to the stator, as explained below
  • stator flux ⁇ and the stator current I are parallel vectors, then the torque T generated by the motor is equal to zero. If, on the other hand, the room vector is at right angles to the stator current, a maximum torque is created. This is similar to a DC motor.
  • the measured phase currents are passed through in the field-oriented control (FOR)
  • Matrizenoperationen (Park-Clarke transformation or inverse Park-Clarke transformation) into the two components field-forming part id and moment-forming part iq decomposed.
  • This type of division into components makes it possible for the FOR to change or regulate the field-forming variable id independently of the moment-forming variable iq.
  • the field-forming quantity is zero at the point of maximum efficiency. This results in a special case that can be realized in a simple manner, without requiring elaborate
  • x angle of rotation of the rotor, usually measured in rad
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 This is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. At 20, the overlap is between a phase current, z, B. i_U, and the size ⁇ shown. It can be seen that surface 20 reaches its maximum when ⁇ and iJJ are in phase.
  • this object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and an engine according to claim 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a phase relation with optimized efficiency
  • Fig. 6 shows the schematic structure of a permanently magnetically excited three-phase
  • Fig. 9 shows the representation of a prior art arrangement.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a permanent magnet excited multiphase synchronous motor 40, which is fed in operation via an inverter 42 with a multi-phase AC voltage. Shown is a three-phase motor 40 with a
  • Stator winding 44 in star connection.
  • a delta connection is possible, cf. Fig. 4.
  • Other phase numbers are also possible.
  • the motor 40 has a symbolically illustrated permanent magnetic rotor 46, which is shown in two poles, but naturally 4, 6, 8, 10th etc. Pole can have. This rotor 46 preferably has a sinusoidal magnetization, since then results in using a substantially constant torque of the motor 40 when using sinusoidal stator currents
  • phase current i_U is shown in each case in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, and this is therefore also shown in FIG. 3.
  • the type of motor 40 is arbitrary, z. B. internal rotor, external rotor, engine with even air gap, etc.
  • the motor 40 is used for. B. for driving a fan 48, which is a largely constant load during operation and the z. B. serves to cool an electronic device, for. A computer. Another application is z. As the drive of a pump for liquid cooling of a processor, where also the load is largely constant.
  • a DC link 50 is used. This can z. B. be connected to the trunk battery of a telephone office. Shown is the supply of the intermediate circuit 50 via a rectifier 52 from an AC network 54.
  • the current I in the intermediate circuit 50 is measured on a measuring element 56, z. B. one
  • a FOR component 42 receives at its input 60 a (variable) voltage U.
  • the amplitude U of this voltage is changed stepwise during the optimization of the efficiency.
  • the component 42 receives at its input 62 an angle ß, which specifies the speed of the rotating field generated in the motor 40.
  • the motor 40 does not require a rotor position sensor per se, but such may be necessary to constantly be able to determine whether the rotor 46 is rotating during operation, or whether it has come to a standstill by exceeding its overturning moment.
  • the FOR component 42 controls a three-phase inverter 43 to which the winding 44 of the motor 40 is connected.
  • the motor 40 has a speed controller 70 for determining the frequency of the rotating field generated by the components 42, 43.
  • the output signal of the actuator 70 is fed to a summer 72, which causes a speed ramp from the speed zero to the speed n, So a slow increase in speed.
  • the output of the summer 72 is supplied to an integrator 74, which generates the ramp function and whose output signal is fed to a negative input of the summer 72.
  • the motor has a switch 78 with two switch positions "1" and "2".
  • This switching position “1" is also referred to as "set” operation, because the engine is set to certain operating data.
  • the switch position "2" means search function and is set when the efficiency is to be optimized by a search function, see Figures 1 and 2.
  • a signal for the rotational speed n which is supplied to a member 76 which generates a speed-dependent factor P. This determines the voltage amplitude according to the formula
  • the position "2" of the switch 78 is set when the efficiency by a
  • the terminal 60 is connected to a summer 80 which serves to calculate the amplitude Cl when the
  • a positive input of the summer 80 is supplied with the signal n * P (Equation 5).
  • a negative input is supplied via a switch 82, the signal "zero” when the switch 78 is in position "1". In position "2" (search mode) it receives the signal
  • Another negative input of the summing element 80 is supplied with the output signal of an integrator 84. This produces an amplitude reduction in continuous operation.
  • the input of the integrator 84, the output of a multiplier 86 is supplied. This serves to generate an amplitude reduction ramp. This generates a value of
  • the one input of the multiplier 86 is supplied from a transmitter 88, the input of the speed n, a speed-dependent factor P for the reduction of the amplitude Ü.
  • the other input of the multiplier 86 is supplied with the output signal of a decision element 90, which decides between the criterion "greater than” (>),
  • the input of the decision element 90 the output of a differential element 92 is supplied, which serves to determine the difference between two successive measurements of the current I.
  • the current I changes its amplitude until it has reached a minimum and after reaching this minimum, the current I increases again.
  • An integrator 94 integrates the speed value n and generates at its output the
  • Angle value ⁇ which is the input 62 of the inverter 42 is supplied.
  • Fig. 3 which are surrounded by a dotted line 95, are components of a microprocessor 95.
  • an 8-bit microcontroller has been used, which has three PWM generators for generating the three phase currents and that for generating the three Sinusoidal voltages of the three-phase system has three sinusoidal encoder. This is described in Hg. 6.
  • a suitable type is z. B. PIC 16F 1938 from Microchip. operation
  • a voltage rotating field is generated by the inverter 42, 43. This has an amplitude size that is sufficiently large so that a torque is generated, which is sufficient for the start of the motor 40.
  • the load on the engine should be as constant as possible.
  • the voltage amplitude Ü is maintained at the value achieved, as long as no current increase (over a predetermined
  • Threshold addition occurs. If such an increase in current occurs, it is the result of a load change, and then a new operating point occurs, ie. H. the described search function is repeated.
  • the property is used that at the point of optimal efficiency, the amplitude of the current I is at a minimum.
  • this means that in order to achieve the same operating state at a different position (angle ⁇ in FIG. 1) of the current I relative to the flux ⁇ , this operating state could only be achieved by a magnitude-higher current amplitude, ie with a worse one
  • a phase current can be used, e.g. i_U, or the total current I flowing to the motor 40, or in FIG. 4 the current through the resistor 56, ie the current through the semiconductor switch 52.
  • the method can be implemented with a low-cost microprocessor 95.
  • Fig. 5 shows schematically the course of an iteration S100, with which the motor 40 is set to an optimum operating point for the instantaneous load.
  • the measured current may either be the current in a string of the motor 40, e.g. in FIG. 3, the current i_U in the strand U, or else the total current I, which is measured at a measuring resistor 66 in FIG. In the latter variant, of course, the losses are slightly higher, i. you get a slightly lower efficiency. Likewise, the current in the resistor 56 of FIG. 4 is suitable.
  • step S116 it is checked in step S116 whether Ioid was greater than Inew, i. whether one has approached the optimal current value, or whether the values have remained the same size, or whether Ioid is smaller than Inew, which would mean that one moves away from the optimum again.
  • the routine goes back to step S102 and the entire iteration begins anew, i. the motor 40 then searches for the new load a new optimized voltage U, at which the motor current (or the phase current) becomes a minimum.
  • FIG. 6 shows on the right the motor 40 whose stator has three phases 202, 204, 206.
  • the motor 40 has the permanent magnetic rotor 46, which is shown as a four-pole rotor. Its poles are magnetized sinusoidally. An example of such a rotor with sinusoidal
  • Magnetization is the rotor according to DE 100 20 946 A1.
  • the three phases 202, 204, 206 are supplied with three-phase current which is generated in the motor, wherein the motor is automatically adjusted to a good efficiency.
  • the ⁇ € 95 generates three sinusoidal signals, namely sin t
  • the frequency of these three signals is adjustable at C 95 by a signal 250. Since this frequency determines the speed of the rotating field and thus the speed of the rotor 40, a speed measurement is not required, unless you want a separate
  • the signal PWM 1 is supplied to a driver module 286 whose upper output 288 is connected to the gate of an n-channel MOSFET 290, whose one terminal is connected to the line 50 at which the intermediate circuit voltage UZK is located. Its other terminal is connected to strand 204.
  • the lower output 294 of the driver module 286 is connected to the gate of an n-channel MOSFET 296, whose upper terminal is also connected to the strand 204 and whose lower terminal via the measuring resistor 264 to ground 300.
  • the signal PWM2 is supplied to a driver module 304 whose upper output 306 controls an upper n-channel MOSFET 308 and whose lower output 310 controls a lower n-channel MOSFET 312.
  • the circuit corresponds to that of the MOSFETs 290, 296, but the MOSFETs 308, 312 control the string 202.
  • the signal PWM3 is fed to a driver module 316 whose upper output 318 controls an upper n-channel MOSFET 320 and whose output 322 controls a lower n-channel MOSFET 324.
  • the circuit corresponds to that of the MOSFETs 290, 296, but the MOSFETs 320, 324 control the string 206.
  • FIG. 7 a shows, highly schematically, the signal PWM 1.
  • FIG. 7b) shows the current i204 through the phase 204, which is caused by the signal PWM1. It is a
  • Fig. 7c shows the signal PWM2 at the output of the comparator 274, and Fig. 7d) shows the current i202 through the strand 202. This current is also sinusoidal and offset from the strand 1204 by 120 ° in phase.
  • FIG. 7e shows signal PWM3 at output 282 of comparator 276, and FIG. 7f) shows current i206 through strand 206. This current is 240 ° out of phase with current 1204 and also sinusoidal.
  • the three sinusoidal currents 1204, 1202 and 1206 together form a three-phase system and generate a rotating field which drives the permanent magnet rotor 46 at the rotational frequency of this rotating field, as already explained. Since the magnetization of the rotor 46 is sinusoidal, results in a largely constant torque, and this torque is achieved with little effort. In particular, they are not complicated and expensive
  • Fig. 8a shows in schematic form the signal U270, which is generated by the triangular generator 268.
  • the frequency of the signal u270 is here assumed to be 20 kHz, ie a triangle of the triangular signal U270 has a period of 50 ⁇ 5.
  • the first triangle, labeled 338, begins at time 0 5, reaches its maximum at 25 5, and returns to zero at 50. It is therefore symmetrical and preferably has the shape of an isosceles triangle. Also, its frequency is high relative to the frequency of the signal sin t.
  • Fig. 8 shows a simplification, because for the duration of a period of the signal sin t is obtained in reality over 100 triangles of the signal U270, which, however, could not represent graphically.
  • the symmetrical triangular shape of the pulses of the signal U270 gives the advantage that the PWM signals according to FIG. 8b) are always substantially symmetrical to the maximum of a triangle.
  • the invention thus provides a simple structure of such a three-phase motor 40, wherein the rotational speed can be predetermined by the signal at the input 250 (FIG. 6).
  • the current for the optimization process according to FIG. 4 is only applied to a single one

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un moteur électrique comporte un rotor (46) à aimants permanents et un dispositif destiné à produire un courant triphasé sinusoïdal (i202, i204, i206) pour l'alimentation en courant de ce moteur (40), ainsi qu'un microprocesseur (95) pour l'exécution des étapes suivantes : pendant que le moteur (40) fonctionne à une charge qui ne s'écarte que peu ou pas du tout d'une valeur prédéfinie, il est d'abord amené à fonctionner à une tension de fonctionnement prédéfinie (U) et l'amplitude d'un courant alimentant le moteur est mesurée et mémorisée (S106, S108). Ensuite, l'amplitude de la tension appliquée au moteur est réduite (S110). A la suite de cela, l'amplitude du courant appliqué au moteur (40) est à nouveau mesurée et cette amplitude est comparée à l'amplitude préalablement mémorisée (S116). S'il est constaté que le courant alimentant le moteur n'a pas diminué en conséquence de la réduction de l'amplitude de tension, le moteur (40) fonctionne avec ce courant. Mais s'il est constaté que le courant alimentant le moteur a diminué en conséquence de la réduction de la tension appliquée au moteur (40), les mesures et la comparaison sont répétées, éventuellement plusieurs fois, pour obtenir des valeurs correspondant à un rendement optimisé.
EP11702396A 2010-01-30 2011-01-27 Procédé d'amélioration du rendement d'un moteur polyphasé et moteur permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé Withdrawn EP2529480A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010006337 2010-01-30
PCT/EP2011/000354 WO2011092011A2 (fr) 2010-01-30 2011-01-27 Procédé d'amélioration du rendement d'un moteur polyphasé et moteur permettant la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2529480A2 true EP2529480A2 (fr) 2012-12-05

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Country Link
US (1) US8975856B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2529480A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011009563A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011092011A2 (fr)

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DE102011009563A1 (de) 2011-08-04
WO2011092011A3 (fr) 2012-06-07
US8975856B2 (en) 2015-03-10
US20120293106A1 (en) 2012-11-22
WO2011092011A2 (fr) 2011-08-04

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