EP2542777A2 - Dispositif et procédé permettant de réduire des charges - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé permettant de réduire des charges

Info

Publication number
EP2542777A2
EP2542777A2 EP11705437A EP11705437A EP2542777A2 EP 2542777 A2 EP2542777 A2 EP 2542777A2 EP 11705437 A EP11705437 A EP 11705437A EP 11705437 A EP11705437 A EP 11705437A EP 2542777 A2 EP2542777 A2 EP 2542777A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive train
loads
torque
damping
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11705437A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Günter Berger
Stefan Zimmermann
Joachim Breidert
Boris Buchtala
Bernd Schnurr
Sebastian Schmidt
Volker Knoblauch
Holger FÜRST
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2542777A2 publication Critical patent/EP2542777A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
    • F16F15/022—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using dampers and springs in combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/109—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life
    • F05B2270/1095—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life by limiting mechanical stresses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/334—Vibration measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for reducing loads, in particular torsional vibrations and static and dynamic bending moments, in the drive train of a wind energy plant.
  • Drivetrains consisting of components such as gears, couplings and connecting elements (shafts), are important components of various electric power generation systems, such as electric motors.
  • the drive train fulfills the task of producing a mechanical connection between a drive (for example a rotor of a wind energy plant) and an output (for example a corresponding generator) via which energy is transmitted by a rotational movement.
  • Powertrain components such as transmissions are used to translate the speed and torque applied to the drive to values that correspond to the work area of the generator. If required, couplings are used for a separation between input and output, and shafts establish the mechanical connection between the components involved.
  • Other components such as mechanical brakes or the like, can be integrated in the drive train.
  • the components involved can not be made arbitrarily rigid, but have a finite rigidity, they can be excited to natural oscillations. Such an excitation can be caused for example by a non-constant input power (in wind turbines, for example, by gusts or wind turbulence) or by external disturbances. Vibrations of other origins can also affect the Belas-
  • the present invention provides a device and a method for reducing loads, in particular torsional vibrations as well as static and dynamic additional loads, in the drive train of a wind turbine with the features of the independent patent claims.
  • Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
  • the proposed measures enable active damping of a mechanical vibration or load in a drive train by means of controllable damping means.
  • the controllable damping means By the controllable damping means, a moment or a force for vibration damping or load reduction is generated.
  • a suitable sensor in particular using acceleration sensors according to the Ferraris principle, but also, for example, force, speed, rotation angle, position and / or torque sensors and a coordinated control and / or control technology, a particularly fast, adaptive vibration damping and load reduction be effected.
  • a suitable actuator or an adjustable, variable damping, as known per se are used.
  • the actuators advantageously cause a rotation of the drive train or of the corresponding transmission and / or lead to a predetermined damping sequence of a rotary movement.
  • a small rotational movement by a few degrees about the rotation axis in particular in conjunction with suitable translations, cause a significant damping of torsional vibrations.
  • the actuators raising or lowering of the transmission.
  • the method or adjustment of at least one actuator or a combination of several actuators advantageously leads to a compensation of loads.
  • the latter can be compensated both by periodic procedures (for example, to balance loads from the tower pre-storm / tower shadow) and by a permanent adjustment (loads due to misalignment of plant components). Even with this approach can be caused by very small travel paths, a significant damping of additional loads.
  • a controlled active and / or braked rotational movement of a drive train and / or a gearbox integrated in the drive train is effected.
  • damping means that is, for example, by corresponding actuators or springs
  • damping of a rotational movement or other loads is effected, wherein a resulting from a load torque or a corresponding thereto actuating torque is generated.
  • the corresponding actuating torque can be generated by controlled method or adjustment of at least one damper or by a combination of the damping means described here.
  • the damping movements are adjustable by suitable control or regulating means.
  • suitable control and / or control strategies special consideration can be given to the special requirements of wind turbines.
  • a particularly advantageous damping can be effected by a compensation of slipstreams.
  • the damping devices according to the invention with the associated regulation and / or control technology can advantageously be integrated into torque supports of the drive train, ie supports or attachments for deriving a torque, preferably on a transmission housing.
  • the measures according to the invention therefore make it possible to reduce vibrations and loads in the drive train.
  • a reduction of the loads in components of the drive train, in particular the transmission can be achieved.
  • the mechanical load on wind turbines is reduced, which significantly improves the longevity of such systems.
  • the output power of a generator of the wind power plant is improved by a reduction of vibrations, since speed variances would otherwise have to be compensated in the generator.
  • the vibrations can be detected by measuring an acceleration on the drive train, preferably at different positions of the drive train, and / or by speed sensors. For speed sensors, deriving the velocity to determine the acceleration may be useful.
  • the malposition can also be detected at the affected locations by corresponding position sensors.
  • parallel models as disclosed, for example, in EP 0 473 914 B1
  • control-related observers taking into account variables occurring, in particular moments, from the sensor variables with the aid of models
  • a route adaptation which takes into account special features and deviations from the theoretical model, can also be provided within the scope of the regulation.
  • a digital and / or analog transmission of an output sensor signal can be used for control, visualization, control and / or circuit.
  • a control and / or control device may further include wind field sensors for pre-activation of a damping system, which may cause a deflection of the neutral position, for example in the damping system, thereby increasing a damping path.
  • wind field sensors are advantageously arranged on the windward side.
  • Suitable actuators include electrodynamic, piezoelectric, hydraulic (cylinder, diaphragm) and pneumatic actuators, which may be realized, for example, using electroactive polymers, shape memory actuators or electro- or magnetorheoiogical fluids.
  • devices which can be used as adjustable spring elements include those disclosed in EP 1 566 543 A1.
  • hydraulically preloaded elastomeric spring elements are provided for supporting a transmission on its torque arms. These elastomeric spring elements are connected via hydraulic lines.
  • throttling of the fluid exchange of the elastomeric spring elements can be carried out.
  • spring elements as they are known from EP 2 003 362 A2, can be used.
  • actuators may be provided at bearing points of torque arms, wherein, for example, a controlled oil and / or air bubble can be used in the rubber.
  • multiple actuators in particular in series or parallel connection, for different frequency ranges, possibly also using different types of these actuators, are used.
  • energy storage in a memory such as a hydraulic accumulator, an accumulator, a double-layer capacitor, in the form of superconducting coils, flywheels and / or other inertial mass systems can be advantageous.
  • a view to improving Energy efficiency is particularly advantageous to use the energy from an actuator for power supply, so that an intercepted vibration can also be used to generate energy.
  • Figure description shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a drive train of a wind turbine with a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention. shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a drive train of a wind turbine with a device according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention. shows a graph illustrating a reduction of vibrations according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 is a transverse or a longitudinal sectional view of a drive train of a wind turbine with a device for reducing loads according to a preferred embodiment of the invention is shown.
  • Figures 1 and 2 are explained together, the cross-sectional view is generally 100 and the longitudinal sectional view a total of 200 indicated.
  • the drive train shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists essentially of a main shaft 10, a transmission 20 and a generator shaft 30.
  • the transmission 20 may be, for example, a three-stage transmission commonly used in wind turbines.
  • the main shaft 10 is non-positively connected to a rotor, such as a rotary vane rotor R.
  • the transmission 20 is enclosed by a transmission housing 21.
  • the generator shaft 30 is connected via a coupling 31 to a generator 40.
  • FIG. 2 additionally shows a main bearing 90 in which the main shaft 10 is mounted.
  • torque supports 22 are provided for fixing or support of the transmission housing 21.
  • the drive train 10 to 30 is mounted in total on a machine carrier 60.
  • the storage itself may e.g. be designed as an elastomeric bearing 24, each with two bushings 24a and 24b per torque arm 22. Between the machine frame
  • damping systems 25 can have a number of different damping devices, with one actuator per bearing bush 25a and 25b being shown by way of example in FIG. 2 in each case.
  • the damping devices 25 are adjustable dampers. The control of such damper takes place
  • control 20 in accordance with a control device not shown in detail, which is indicated schematically in Figure 1 and 2 with 70.
  • the control takes place in consideration of a measured value output of one or more sensors 80 and 82.
  • the sensors 80 detect a torque fluctuation, for example due to an acceleration change, in the drive train 10 to 30.
  • a torque fluctuation for example due to an acceleration change
  • an angular offset or a deviation from the ideal alignment of the shafts for example laser-optically, is detected.
  • a control device 70 controls at least one of the provided damping systems 25 in such a way that an actuating torque is generated and as a result a torque fluctuation, for example a torsional or bending moment, is minimized.
  • the actuator 30 moment by a rotation or by raising or lowering of the transmission 20 and transmission housing 21 causes.
  • the left-hand torque arm 22 is moved upward, for example, by the left-hand damping system 25 in FIG Figure 1 right damping system 25, the right torque arm 22 also moves down.
  • the machine carrier 60 forms the common reference point both for the detection of the torque and for the generation of the actuating torque, ie a speed variation relative to the machine carrier is detected and an active reverse rotation of the gear 20 relative to the machine carrier is effected.
  • an attenuation can be effected such that the damping properties of the damping systems 25 are predetermined variable in time so that an induced by a torque fluctuation rotation of the transmission 20 is optimally damped.
  • Dynamic loads which arise when the rotor blades pass the tower during their rotation can be reduced, for example, by the parallel method of the damping systems 24a and / or 24b shown in FIG.
  • the exact periodic damping sequence and thus the travel cycle of the damping means depends on the number of rotor blades and their speed and is thus dependent on the currently considered wind turbine.
  • the damping system 25b on the right in FIG. 2 can be moved upwards or the damping system 25a on the left in FIG.
  • the respective opposite damping systems, which are concealed in FIG. 2 are likewise moved in a corresponding manner.
  • FIG. 3 shows in the form of a diagram 300 a torsional moment 310 without damping and a torsional moment 320 after damping according to a particularly preferred embodiment in the form of a moment M on the y-axis 302 compared to a time t of 5 s on the x-axis 301 shown.
  • the damping method according to the preferred embodiment significantly reduces torsional moment vibration from the undamped state.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant de réduire des charges dans la chaîne cinématique (10 - 30) d'une éolienne, comprenant un support de moteur (60). Selon l'invention, des moyens capteurs (80, 82) sont destinés à prélever au moins une grandeur caractérisant des oscillations et/ou des positions erronées dans la chaîne cinématique (10 - 30); des moyens d'amortissement (25), pouvant être commandés, sont destinés à générer au moins un moment de réglage qui compense au moins un moment (M) associé à la charge, dans la chaîne cinématique (10 - 30), et des moyens de commande (70) permettent de commander les moyens d'amortissement (25) sur la base de ladite au moins une grandeur acquise par les moyens capteurs. L'invention porte également sur un procédé correspondant.
EP11705437A 2010-03-02 2011-02-09 Dispositif et procédé permettant de réduire des charges Withdrawn EP2542777A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010009863A DE102010009863A1 (de) 2010-03-02 2010-03-02 Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Lasten
PCT/EP2011/000606 WO2011107209A2 (fr) 2010-03-02 2011-02-09 Dispositif et procédé permettant de réduire des charges

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2542777A2 true EP2542777A2 (fr) 2013-01-09

Family

ID=44502786

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11705437A Withdrawn EP2542777A2 (fr) 2010-03-02 2011-02-09 Dispositif et procédé permettant de réduire des charges

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20130195654A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2542777A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN102770664A (fr)
DE (1) DE102010009863A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011107209A2 (fr)

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DK2463517T3 (da) * 2010-12-08 2014-07-21 Siemens Ag Fremgangsmåde og styresystem til at reducere vibrationer af et vindenergianlæg
JP5808696B2 (ja) * 2012-03-01 2015-11-10 住友重機械工業株式会社 風力発電装置
JP6099185B2 (ja) * 2012-06-28 2017-03-22 住友重機械工業株式会社 モニタリング方法およびモニタリング装置
JP5878089B2 (ja) * 2012-06-28 2016-03-08 住友重機械工業株式会社 モニタリング方法およびモニタリング装置
DK3063851T3 (da) 2013-10-31 2022-02-28 Gen Electric System og fremgangsmåde til styring af vindkraftgenereringssystemer
DE102014201507A1 (de) 2014-01-28 2015-07-30 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlage mit einer Faserwicklung
JP6413422B2 (ja) * 2014-07-18 2018-10-31 シンフォニアテクノロジー株式会社 制振システム及び車両
CN105826917B (zh) 2015-01-04 2019-10-08 通用电气公司 功率转换系统及其控制方法以及风力涡轮机发电系统
DK178642B9 (en) * 2015-03-16 2016-10-24 Envision Energy Denmark Aps Wind turbine comprising a torque dampening unit
DE102017003220A1 (de) * 2017-03-30 2018-10-04 Senvion Gmbh Windenergieanlage und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Windenergieanlage
US10677087B2 (en) * 2018-05-11 2020-06-09 General Electric Company Support structure for geared turbomachine
CN112483312B (zh) * 2020-12-03 2023-01-31 重庆大学 一种基于冗余分组的海上风电场安全控制方法
DE102021210007A1 (de) 2021-09-10 2023-03-16 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Federnd gelagertes Getriebegehäuse
DE102022204900B3 (de) 2022-05-17 2023-09-07 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Federnd gelagertes Getriebegehäuse II
CN117307330A (zh) * 2022-06-17 2023-12-29 通用电气公司 带有弹簧阻尼系统的旋转翼型件

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DE19930751A1 (de) 1999-07-02 2001-01-04 Franz Mitsch Verfahren zur Reduzierung von Schwingungen in Windkraftanlagen
US6644590B2 (en) * 2000-09-15 2003-11-11 General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. Active system and method for vibration and noise reduction
EP1566543B1 (fr) 2004-02-18 2009-08-26 Franz Mitsch Palier élastomère à rigidité réglable
EP2141040B1 (fr) * 2007-04-26 2017-12-06 Bridgestone Corporation Dispositif anti-vibration
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011107209A3 (fr) 2012-03-15
US20130195654A1 (en) 2013-08-01
WO2011107209A2 (fr) 2011-09-09
DE102010009863A1 (de) 2011-09-08
CN102770664A (zh) 2012-11-07

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