EP2569112B1 - Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir d'une tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse - Google Patents

Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir d'une tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2569112B1
EP2569112B1 EP11720423.0A EP11720423A EP2569112B1 EP 2569112 B1 EP2569112 B1 EP 2569112B1 EP 11720423 A EP11720423 A EP 11720423A EP 2569112 B1 EP2569112 B1 EP 2569112B1
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Prior art keywords
sheet metal
metal workpiece
workpiece
temperature
calibration
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EP11720423.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2569112A1 (fr
Inventor
Ludovic Samek
Martin Peruzzi
Enno Arenholz
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/30—Stress-relieving
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a component from an iron-manganese steel sheet.
  • Iron-manganese steels are lightweight steels that can have high strength and high ductility at the same time. This makes iron-manganese steels a material with great potential in vehicle construction. A high material strength allows a reduction in body weight, which can reduce fuel consumption. High extensibility and stability of the steels is important both for the production of the body parts by deep-drawing processes and for their crash behavior. For example, structure and / or security parts such as e.g. Door impact beams, A- and B-pillars, bumpers or longitudinal and transverse beams can realize complex component geometries and at the same time achieve the weight targets and safety requirements.
  • structure and / or security parts such as e.g. Door impact beams, A- and B-pillars, bumpers or longitudinal and transverse beams can realize complex component geometries and at the same time achieve the weight targets and safety requirements.
  • Hot forming offers a well-known alternative to the cold forming process.
  • Conventional hot forming processes are carried out at high temperatures of about 900 ° C or above. Hot working reduces both springback of the formed component and strain hardening in formed areas. Thus, with the hot forming technique complex deep drawn parts can be produced without appreciable spring-back in one go.
  • a disadvantage of hot forming are the high process temperatures and the material-dependent reduction in the strength of the component caused by the hot working after the cooling process.
  • hot forming is often combined with hardening technology. This is based on the known possibility of strengthening of steel materials by martensite formation.
  • an austenitic structure is produced by heating the component to the so-called hardening temperature above Ac3, which is then completely converted into martensite by rapid cooling.
  • Condition for the complete martensite transformation is that a critical cooling rate is exceeded.
  • it requires cooled pressing tools that allow a sufficiently rapid cooling of the workpiece by contact of the hot workpiece surface with the cold tool surface.
  • a method of manufacturing a ferro-manganese steel sheet member comprising the steps of cold working a sheet metal workpiece in a mold and heating the formed sheet metal workpiece to a temperature between 500 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • One object of the invention is to be seen to provide a method with which the production of formed parts made of iron-manganese steel sheet with good mechanical properties is made possible cost.
  • the method should be the Manufacture of formed sheet metal workpieces with complex component geometry and favorable material properties even in formed component areas.
  • a method of manufacturing a ferro-manganese steel sheet member in which a sheet metal workpiece is cold-formed in a molding die, the formed sheet metal workpiece is heated to a temperature between 500 ° C and 700 ° C, and the heated sheet metal workpiece calibrated in a calibration tool.
  • elevated temperatures can be achieved that a cold work hardening occurred in the cold forming is degraded again in the formed areas.
  • homogenization of the mechanical properties over the entire component can thereby be achieved.
  • the austenitizing temperature Ac3 is not exceeded, i. that during heating no transformation of the workpiece structure into a fully austenitic structure occurs.
  • the degree of degradation of strain hardening in the reformed part regions can be controlled by the choice of temperature. At high temperatures, the strength of the formed Even under the strength in areas not or less heavily deformed areas can be lowered ranges. In order to avoid excessive degradation of work hardening, a temperature between 600 ° C and 680 ° C may be advantageous.
  • the formed sheet metal workpiece can be heated in an oven and inserted after heating in the calibration. It is also conceivable that the heating of the sheet metal workpiece takes place directly in the calibration tool. In both cases, the initial temperature during calibration can also be in the specified range between 500 ° C and 700 ° C. During calibration, then a cooling of the formed sheet metal workpiece takes place in a held or fixed state.
  • the residence time of the sheet metal workpiece in the oven can be chosen so that a homogeneous heating of the sheet metal workpiece is ensured, it should be noted that with increasing thickness of the sheet metal workpiece is typically to be estimated an extension of the time for the warm-up.
  • the critical minimum cooling rate known from press-hardening does not have to be adhered to, ie. the cooling rate in the calibration tool may be determined according to other considerations (for example, cycle times, operating costs, tooling costs, etc.).
  • the heating temperature of the formed Blechwerk GmbH can be adjusted so that the work hardening in formed portions of the (formed) sheet metal workpiece by the calibration by at least 70%, in particular at least 80%, degraded.
  • the heating temperature of the sheet metal workpiece can be adjusted so that the calibrated sheet metal workpiece over its entire geometry has a maximum variation in tensile strength of 20%, in particular 10%. In other words, a substantial homogenization of the mechanical component properties in terms of tensile strength is achievable.
  • the component may be, for example, a body component for vehicle construction.
  • the body component may have a complex component geometry. It may be a structural and / or safety part, which may have to meet special safety requirements in the event of a load (crash).
  • the component may be an A or B pillar, a side impact protector in doors, a sill, a frame part, a bumper, a cross member for floor and roof or act on a front or rear side member.
  • the component consists of an iron-manganese (FeMn) steel.
  • FeMn components are known in the automotive industry and may have a manganese content of about 12 to 35 wt%.
  • TWIP, TRIP / TWIP and TRIPLEX steels as well as mixed forms of these steels can be used.
  • TWining (TWining Induced Plasticity) steels are austenitic steels. They are characterized by a high manganese content (for example over 25%) and relatively high alloying additions of aluminum and silicon. In cold plastic deformation, intensive twin formation takes place, which solidifies the steel. TWIP steels have a high elongation at break. They are therefore particularly suitable for the production of structural or safety parts in accident-relevant areas of the body.
  • TRIP / TWIP steels are combinations of TWIP and TRIP steels (TRANSformation Induced Plasticity).
  • TRIP steels essentially consist of several phases of iron-carbon alloys, namely ferrite, bainite and carbon-rich residual austenite.
  • the TRIP effect is based on the deformation-induced transformation of residual austenite into the high-strength martensitic phase (a-martensite).
  • a-martensite high-strength martensitic phase
  • TRIP / TWIP steels a double TRIP effect occurs because the austenitic structure is first converted into hexagonal and then cubic body-centered martensite. Due to the two martensitic transformations TRIP / TWIP steels have a double expansion reserve.
  • TRIPLEX steels consist of a multi-phase structure of ⁇ -ferrite and ⁇ -austenite mixed crystals with a martensitic s-phase and / or K-phase. They have good formability.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic embodiment of an embodiment of a method according to the invention, wherein also optional method steps are shown.
  • Starting point of the procedure is a coil 1 made of strip steel, as it is produced for example in a steel mill and delivered to a customer (eg vehicle manufacturers or suppliers).
  • the FeMn strip steel may be, for example, a cold-rolled and annealed steel. However, it is also possible to use a hot-rolled steel.
  • the manufacturing process of the FeMn steel strip in the steel mill should be designed to ensure good cold workability of the steel.
  • the steel strip will then be e.g. cut at the vehicle manufacturer or supplier in FeMn boards 2.
  • the cutting takes place in a cutting station.
  • One or more boards 2 are then placed in a cold forming tool 3 and cold formed.
  • the temperatures in the cold forming tool can be in the usual range, for example at about 70 ° C to 80 ° C. Furnaces are not used to realize these temperatures.
  • the residence time of the workpiece in the cold forming tool 3 is typically without significant influence on the workpiece properties.
  • the cold forming tool 3 can be realized in the form of a deep-drawing press.
  • a trimming of the workpiece can be carried out simultaneously in the cold forming tool 3.
  • This bleed can be the final trim of the part.
  • any necessary punching or the creation of a hole pattern in the cold forming tool 3 can be made. That is, after the cold forming step, a component having a completely finished component shape may already exist with respect to material removing processes.
  • material removing processes are performed in a cutting line (not shown) located outside and behind the cold forming tool 3 (which is in the so-called press line).
  • the final component may already be present after trimming or hole pattern generation with respect to material-removing processes.
  • the cold formed and optionally trimmed workpiece is then fed to a furnace 4 and heated there to a temperature between 500 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • T 500 ° C - 700 ° C.
  • the residence time in the oven may be 10 minutes, with 5 minutes being used for achieving the homogeneous temperature distribution and the remaining 5 minutes for holding the component at this homogeneous temperature.
  • a radiation furnace can be used or it can be provided furnaces that supply the workpiece in another way energy.
  • convective heating, inductive heating or infrared heating, as well as combinations of said mechanisms may be used.
  • the heated to the target temperature between 500 ° C and 700 ° C, formed workpiece is then removed from the oven 4, placed in a calibration tool 5 and fixed there in the desired shape and cooled.
  • the temperature of the workpiece at the beginning of the calibration process may also be lower than the temperature of the workpiece during removal from the furnace, it may in particular be between 400 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • the calibration tool 5 may be, for example act a sizing press. Calibration ensures the dimensional accuracy of the workpiece.
  • the surface geometry of the pressing surfaces of the tool corresponds to the final shape of the workpiece or is close to the final shape, since the calibration in the calibration tool significantly reduces the springback.
  • the cooling of the workpiece takes place in the calibration tool 5 when the workpiece is fixed, ie when the workpiece surfaces abut the tool surfaces.
  • the heat dissipation takes place via the tool.
  • the cooling rate may be, for example, about 30 ° C / s, but should not be critical because unlike the press hardening no critical cooling rate must be exceeded.
  • the cooling rate may be less than 50 ° C / s, which can be achieved without major tooling effort and in many cases sufficiently short cycle times possible. Higher cooling rates, for example in the range of 50 ° C / s to 150 ° C / s, are also possible.
  • the calibration tool 5 may have a cooling device (eg water cooling).
  • coated FeMn steels can be used for the process.
  • the sheet metal workpiece can be coated with an organic and / or inorganic or metallic coating, in particular an alloy based on zinc or aluminum.
  • the coating can be done before cold forming or at another time, eg after calibration.
  • a cathodic corrosion protection is effected for example by a galvanizing.
  • the coating may be carried out electrolytically or by a hot dip process prior to the cold forming step 3 (e.g., already at the steelmaker on coil 1) or even after the cold forming step 3 and before heating in the furnace 4.
  • the heat treatment before or during calibration forms a mixed crystal layer between the FeMn steel and the Zn coating in the case of a Zn coating, which ensures good adhesion of the Zn layer to the component. It is also possible to coat the coating (e.g., galvanizing) only on the finished component, i. after calibration in the calibration tool 5 make.
  • Fig. 2 refers to further embodiments of the basis Fig. 1 exemplified method and illustrates the reduction of work hardening as a function of the workpiece temperature achieved during heating.
  • the Vickers hardness Hv is shown as a function of the distance from the place of transformation.
  • a circuit board 2 which was cut from a cold-rolled, annealed FeMn steel strip.
  • the board 2 had a tensile strength R m ⁇ 1100 MPa, which corresponded to the tensile strength of the strip steel.
  • the residence time in the oven 4 was 10 minutes, so that a complete and homogeneous heating of the wells was guaranteed.
  • the hot wells were fixed in a calibration tool 5 in the final shape and cooled there.
  • the cooling rate in this example was about 30 ° C / s.
  • the risk of delayed cracking due to hydrogen embrittlement is increased, as this occurs especially where a high work hardening gradient is observed during cold working.
  • the hot calibration according to the invention leads to the reduction of strain hardening in the wells.
  • T 500 ° C
  • T 600 ° C
  • Fig. 2 It can be seen that by the choice of a suitable temperature T for the hot calibration, the strain hardening in the region of a component close to the forming area can be selectively influenced and, if desired, reduced to a certain value.
  • homogeneous mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength can be achieved with a variation of less than 20%, or even 10%, in terms of reshaped and unformed portions of the component. It is also possible to reduce the strain hardening, for example by 70% or 80%.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates that the heat treatment and the hot calibration only affect and degrade the increased strength values caused by work hardening, while the mechanical properties hardly change in the remaining sections of the work piece which are not subjected to forming. In other words, it can be achieved that a component with complex component geometry has homogeneous mechanical properties over its entire extension or that it attains specifically increased or reduced strength at transformation sites in comparison to non-deformed sections.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce en une tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse, comportant les étapes consistant à :
    façonner à froid une pièce à usiner en tôle (2) dans un outil de moulage (3) ;
    chauffer la pièce à usiner en tôle façonnée à une température comprise entre 500 °C et 700 °C ; et
    calibrer la pièce à usiner en tôle façonnée chauffée, par fixation de la pièce à usiner en tôle façonnée dans un outil de calibrage (5) dans la forme finale et refroidir avec retenue la pièce à usiner façonnée chauffée à une géométrie fixée de pièce à usiner, à une température initiale pour le calibrage de l'ordre compris entre 500 °C et 700 °C.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, la température étant comprise entre 600 °C et 680 °C.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, comportant l'étape consistant à :
    chauffer la pièce à usiner en tôle façonnée dans un four (4) ; et
    insérer la pièce à usiner en tôle chauffée dans l'outil de calibrage (5).
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, lors duquel on sélectionne la durée de séjour de la pièce à usiner en tôle dans le four (4), de sorte à assurer un échauffement à cœur sensiblement homogène de la pièce à usiner en tôle.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse étant un acier TWIP, un acier TRIP/TWIP ou un acier TRIPLEX.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la teneur en manganèse de la tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse étant comprise entre 12 et 35 % en poids.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lors duquel on règle la température de telle sorte qu'un écrouissage dans des parties façonnées de la pièce à usiner en tôle façonnée soit réduit d'au moins 70 %, notamment de 80 % par le calibrage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, lors duquel on règle la température de telle sorte que la pièce à usiner en tôle calibrée fasse preuve sur l'ensemble de sa géométrie d'une plage de fluctuation maximale de la résistance à la traction de 20 %, notamment de 10 %.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant l'étape consistant à :
    revêtir la pièce à usiner en tôle d'un revêtement organique et/ou inorganique ou métallique, notamment d'un alliage sur base de zinc ou d'aluminium, avant le façonnage à froid.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comportant l'étape consistant à :
    revêtir la pièce à usiner en tôle d'un revêtement organique et/ou inorganique ou métallique, notamment d'un alliage sur base de zinc ou d'aluminium, après le calibrage.
EP11720423.0A 2010-05-12 2011-05-06 Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir d'une tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse Active EP2569112B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010020373 DE102010020373A1 (de) 2010-05-12 2010-05-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus einem Eisen-Mangan-Stahlblech
PCT/EP2011/057280 WO2011141367A1 (fr) 2010-05-12 2011-05-06 Procédé de réalisation d'une pièce à partir d'une tôle d'acier au ferromanganèse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2569112A1 EP2569112A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
EP2569112B1 true EP2569112B1 (fr) 2019-10-23

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Country Link
US (1) US9138797B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2569112B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR101567132B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103003002B (fr)
DE (1) DE102010020373A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2764790T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011141367A1 (fr)

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US9138797B2 (en) 2015-09-22
CN103003002A (zh) 2013-03-27
KR20130036250A (ko) 2013-04-11
EP2569112A1 (fr) 2013-03-20
CN103003002B (zh) 2016-03-30
DE102010020373A1 (de) 2011-11-17
US20130125607A1 (en) 2013-05-23
KR101567132B1 (ko) 2015-11-06
WO2011141367A1 (fr) 2011-11-17
ES2764790T3 (es) 2020-06-04

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