EP2574729A2 - Aube de turbine et méthode de fabrication d'aube de turbine - Google Patents

Aube de turbine et méthode de fabrication d'aube de turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2574729A2
EP2574729A2 EP12183107A EP12183107A EP2574729A2 EP 2574729 A2 EP2574729 A2 EP 2574729A2 EP 12183107 A EP12183107 A EP 12183107A EP 12183107 A EP12183107 A EP 12183107A EP 2574729 A2 EP2574729 A2 EP 2574729A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine blade
surface coating
airfoil
turbine
titanium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12183107A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Scheunert
Lutz Völker
Heinrich Zeininger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2574729A2 publication Critical patent/EP2574729A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
    • F05D2300/51—Hydrophilic, i.e. being or having wettable properties

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a turbine blade, in particular a rotor blade for a steam turbine, and to a method for producing a turbine blade.
  • Known turbine blades are usually made hollow or solid from a metallic material such as steel or titanium, and are needed for example for steam turbines.
  • a steam turbine the thermal energy supplied by the turbine steam is converted into mechanical work.
  • steam turbines comprise at least one high-pressure-side steam inlet and at least one low-pressure-side steam outlet.
  • a shaft extending through the turbine, the so-called turbine rotor, is driven by means of turbine blades.
  • vanes To drive the rotor typically blades and vanes are provided, wherein the blades are attached to the rotor and rotate therewith, whereas the vanes are arranged mostly stationary on a turbine housing.
  • the vanes provide a favorable flow of steam through the turbine to achieve the most efficient energy conversion. In this reaction, the enthalpy of the vapor is reduced in the course between the steam inlet and the steam outlet. This reduces both the temperature and the pressure of the steam.
  • the highest possible enthalpy difference between supplied and discharged steam is one to aim for so-called final stage of the steam turbine.
  • a relatively low pressure of the steam to be discharged is advantageous. Due to the reaching of the saturated steam state in a low-pressure part of the turbine, moisture condensed out of the steam can precipitate and form water droplets in the turbine. The rotating blades hit with high energy on the entrained by the flow of steam drops of water so that they are subject to appropriate wear.
  • the publication DE 10 2008 061 573 A1 discloses a turbine blade having a fiber composite provided with a protective layer having a higher impact resistance than the fiber composite.
  • EP 1 780 379 A2 discloses a steam turbine having rotor blades coated with a highly hydrophilic surface coating of titanium dioxide.
  • the publication EP 1 844 863 A1 discloses an article having a textured surface which has a high contact angle with respect to a reference liquid.
  • One aspect of the present invention is therefore a turbine blade with an airfoil, wherein the airfoil at least partially has a super hydrophilic surface coating.
  • the super hydrophilic surface coating results in a complete spreading of water and the formation of a thin film of water over the surface coating which dissipates the impact energy as water droplets impinge upon the turbine blade and thus advantageously protects the underlying airfoil material from drop impact erosion.
  • the airfoil may be completely coated with the superhydrophilic surface coating. This offers the advantage that the entire airfoil is protected against drop impact erosion.
  • the superhydrophilic surface coating may comprise titania, particularly anatase titanium dioxide.
  • titania particularly anatase titanium dioxide.
  • Anatase titanium dioxide offers very good superhydrophilic properties, in particular anatase titanium dioxide has a contact angle of less than 5 ° for water.
  • the superhydrophilic surface coating comprises titanium nitride or titanium oxynitride.
  • Titanium nitride advantageously has a particular hardness and corrosion resistance, which can extend the life of turbine blades. In this case, advantageously, the relatively poor wear properties can be improved by the nitriding.
  • the layer thickness of the superhydrophilic surface coating may be between 10 nm to a few micrometers, in particular titanium nitride. With this thickness, the formation of a coherent, firmly adhering to the surface sufficiently thick water film for dissipating kinetic energy impinging water droplets is particularly well ensured without the surface coating tends to cracking. Titanium oxide and in particular titanium nitride surfaces are stable.
  • the airfoil may comprise a blade material comprising hardened steel or titanium. This improves the mechanical properties of the turbine blade.
  • the present invention according to another aspect provides a steam turbine with at least one turbine blade according to the invention.
  • the present invention in another aspect, provides a method of manufacturing a turbine blade comprising the steps of manufacturing a blade of a turbine blade of hardened steel or titanium, and applying a superhydrophilic surface coating comprising titanium nitride or titanium oxynitride to at least a portion of the surface of the turbine airfoil.
  • the method may further include the step of increasing the surface roughness of the superhydrophilic surface coating. With increased surface roughness, the water film thickness in the surface coating can be increased, so that the energy absorption properties of the water film are advantageously improved.
  • Fig. 1 2 shows a schematic representation of a turbine blade 100.
  • the turbine blade 100 comprises a blade root 4 and an airfoil 1.
  • the turbine blade 100 may be used, for example, in a low-pressure stage of a steam turbine.
  • the blade root can have 4 plug connectors 5, by means of which the turbine blade 100 can be attached to the rotor of the steam turbine.
  • the airfoil 1 may comprise a blade material 2, which comprises, for example, hardened steel, titanium or another corrosion-resistant material. It may also be possible that the airfoil 1 comprises a composite material or a composite material.
  • the blade 1 may be coated at least in regions with a protective layer.
  • the protective layer can serve to reduce the effects of drop erosion.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the turbine blade 100 in FIG Fig. 1 shown in more detail in sectional view.
  • the blade material 2 is provided with a surface coating 3.
  • the surface coating 3 may, for example, have a layer thickness of about 10 nm to a few micrometers, in particular 20 nm to 80 nm, in particular 40 nm to 60 nm, in particular about 50 nm.
  • the surface coating 3 may be superhydrophilic, that is, the wetting angle which a liquid droplet forms with the surface tangent of the surface coating 3 is very small. Exemplary are in Fig. 2 two water drops 6a and 6b are shown, which rest on the surface coating 3. The water droplet 6a represents a water droplet immediately after it has come in contact with the surface coating 3. The angle 7a formed by the water droplet 6a with the surface tangent of the surface coating 3 is very high, for example between 75 ° and 105 °.
  • the sign of the wetting tension B allows conclusions to be drawn about the spreading or wetting behavior of water droplets on the surface coating 3.
  • the water droplet 6b stands by way of example for a water droplet on a superhydrophilic surface coating 3, ie a surface coating 3, which leads to an almost complete spreading of the water droplet 6b on the surface of the surface coating 3.
  • the contact angle 7b for the water droplet 6b is very small and is preferably between 0 ° and 5 °.
  • a superhydrophilic surface coating 3 results in the formation of a thin water film on the surface.
  • the water film remains at a relative humidity of over 20% even at high speeds of movement of the turbine blade 100, for example, at high speeds, obtained.
  • the impact energy is dissipated via the liquid water film. This effectively protects the underlying airfoil material 2 from drop impact erosion.
  • the thickness of the water film can be further improved by increasing the surface roughness of the superhydrophilic surface coating 3. This can be achieved for example by a selective surface oxidation or a mechanical roughening of the surface.
  • the super hydrophilic surface coating 3 may comprise, for example, titanium dioxide.
  • the titania can be in anatase configuration.
  • a rutile configuration may be suitable for the titanium dioxide.
  • the super hydrophilic surface coating 3 may for example also comprise titanium nitride. It may also be possible to provide nanoparticles of aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, silicon carbide, zirconium oxide or titanium oxide in the surface coating 3. The nanoparticles can ensure that upon impact of drops, the impact energy can be absorbed by the surface coating 3 and distributed over the surface coating 3. The nanoparticles are set into vibration when the drops are impacted, whereby impact energy is converted into vibrational and, at last, frictional energy.
  • titanium nitride When titanium nitride is used, about 1 to 3 ⁇ m thick titanium nitride layers are produced, for example by plasma nitriding at about 700 ° C. The resulting surface hardness is greater than 1000HV 0.5.
  • the titanium nitride layer is formed from the base material and therefore does not burst. Since only the edge structure is changed, and no microstructure transformations occur in the core material, nitriding and nitrocarburizing is a very low-distortion heat treatment process. The precipitation of nitrides (epsilon-nitride) in the internal species-specific surface layer leads to an increase in the strength and to build up compressive residual stresses.
  • Titanium nitride surfaces can be prepared by various methods, such as a pulsed plasma nitriding process at about 500 to 700 ° C for about 12 hours under a defined nitrogen potential, or by nitrocarburizing, that is, a thermochemical process for enriching the surface layer of a workpiece or Component with nitrogen and carbon at a temperature of about 550 to 580 ° C with a duration between about 1 and 10 hours.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of a method 10 for producing a turbine blade, in particular the turbine blade 100 in Fig. 1 and 2 ,
  • the method 10 includes as a first step 11, manufacturing a blade of a turbine blade made of hardened steel or titanium.
  • a superhydrophilic surface coating is applied to at least part of the surface of the airfoil.
  • the surface roughness of the superhydrophilic surface coating can be increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
EP12183107A 2011-09-27 2012-09-05 Aube de turbine et méthode de fabrication d'aube de turbine Withdrawn EP2574729A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102011083503A DE102011083503A1 (de) 2011-09-27 2011-09-27 Turbinenschaufel und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Turbinenschaufel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2574729A2 true EP2574729A2 (fr) 2013-04-03

Family

ID=46785311

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12183107A Withdrawn EP2574729A2 (fr) 2011-09-27 2012-09-05 Aube de turbine et méthode de fabrication d'aube de turbine

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2574729A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102011083503A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3203041A1 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2017-08-09 General Electric Company Turbine à vapeur, tuyère de turbine à vapeur et procédé de gestion de l'humidité dans une turbine à vapeur
CN116378777A (zh) * 2023-03-31 2023-07-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种使用阵列微结构预防汽轮机末级叶片水蚀的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1780379A2 (fr) 2005-10-31 2007-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Turbine à vapeur et couche de matériaux hydrophile utilisée pour celle-ci
EP1844863A1 (fr) 2006-04-12 2007-10-17 General Electric Company Article ayant une surface de mouillabilité réduite et sa méthode de production
DE102008061573A1 (de) 2008-12-11 2010-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbinenschaufel mit Beschichtung

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010017289A1 (fr) * 2008-08-05 2010-02-11 Alcoa Inc. Feuilles et plaques métalliques présentant des surfaces texturées de réduction de frottement et procédés de fabrication de celles-ci

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1780379A2 (fr) 2005-10-31 2007-05-02 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Turbine à vapeur et couche de matériaux hydrophile utilisée pour celle-ci
EP1844863A1 (fr) 2006-04-12 2007-10-17 General Electric Company Article ayant une surface de mouillabilité réduite et sa méthode de production
DE102008061573A1 (de) 2008-12-11 2010-08-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbinenschaufel mit Beschichtung

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3203041A1 (fr) * 2015-12-11 2017-08-09 General Electric Company Turbine à vapeur, tuyère de turbine à vapeur et procédé de gestion de l'humidité dans une turbine à vapeur
US10781722B2 (en) 2015-12-11 2020-09-22 General Electric Company Steam turbine, a steam turbine nozzle, and a method of managing moisture in a steam turbine
CN116378777A (zh) * 2023-03-31 2023-07-04 西安热工研究院有限公司 一种使用阵列微结构预防汽轮机末级叶片水蚀的方法

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Publication number Publication date
DE102011083503A1 (de) 2013-03-28

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