EP2577209B1 - Wärmetauscherplatten mit fäulnisverhindernden eigenschaften - Google Patents

Wärmetauscherplatten mit fäulnisverhindernden eigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2577209B1
EP2577209B1 EP11728966.0A EP11728966A EP2577209B1 EP 2577209 B1 EP2577209 B1 EP 2577209B1 EP 11728966 A EP11728966 A EP 11728966A EP 2577209 B1 EP2577209 B1 EP 2577209B1
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Prior art keywords
plate
coating
plates
heat exchanger
fouling
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EP11728966.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2577209A1 (de
Inventor
Jonas Anehamre
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Alfa Laval Corporate AB
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Alfa Laval Corporate AB
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Priority to PL11728966T priority Critical patent/PL2577209T3/pl
Priority to SI201131332T priority patent/SI2577209T1/sl
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/1204—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds
    • C23C18/122—Inorganic polymers, e.g. silanes, polysilazanes, polysiloxanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/02—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition
    • C23C18/12—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by thermal decomposition characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material
    • C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
    • C23C18/1254—Sol or sol-gel processing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • F28D9/0043—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another
    • F28D9/005—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the plates having openings therein for circulation of at least one heat-exchange medium from one conduit to another the plates having openings therein for both heat-exchange media
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plate for a plate heat exchanger, a plate pack, a plate heat exchanger and a method of producing a plate for a plate heat exchanger for improving anti-fouling properties and facilitating cleaning of plate heat exchangers.
  • PHE Plate heat exchangers in use may over time get fouled which leads to a decreased heat transfer and increased pressure drop, and thus leads to an overall reduced performance of the heat exchanger.
  • heat exchangers which are not permanently joined will eventually need to be opened and cleaned.
  • the cleaning of PHE may both be time consuming and costly.
  • the process to which the PHE normally is connected to may have to be shut down during said cleaning of the PHE.
  • the plates of heat exchangers are made of metal sheets.
  • the base material i.e. metals used, have a high surface free energy that results in most liquids easily wetting the surface of the sheets.
  • JP H09 178392 A relates to a plate for a plate heat exchanger having a coating comprising an oxide of Zr, Ti, Hf or Al, which coating was prepared by sol-gel processing, applied to at least part of the plate, dried and cured, in order to improve the corrosion resistance.
  • GB 2 428 604 A discloses a heat exchanger with a coating to reduce fouling caused by the adherence of particulates to the surfaces of the heat exchanger.
  • the coating comprises a siloxane based network, the network comprising silicon atoms, oxygen atoms and fluorinated alkyl groups.
  • WO2009034359 discloses provision of a coating to reduce biofouling of surfaces in aquatic environments wherein the coating is applied by use of Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition (PACVD).
  • PSVD Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
  • US20090123730 discloses a surface of a heat exchanger which is to be soldered by means of a flux, and said surface is in addition to the flux also provided with at least one more layer containing an additive. The additive is reacted in order to modify the surface during soldering.
  • WO2008119751 discloses production of a hydrophobic coating for condensers wherein the coating comprises sol-gel materials based on e.g. silicon oxide sol.
  • JP2000345355 relates to improving corrosion resistance and discloses a film consisting of 55-99 wt% SiO 2 and 45-1wt% ZrO 2 which film is formed using sol-gel processing.
  • US2006/0196644 discloses a heat exchanger provided with a hydrophilic surface coating comprising a gel produced by sol-gel processing.
  • a problem encountered with presently known antifouling coatings is the poor wear resistance of the coatings in applications with abrasive heat exchanging media, e g sand or other particulate material which enters the PHE with the heat exchanging fluids. Furthermore, cracks in the coating may occur due to torque and tension forces acting on the plate packages in applications under high pressures.
  • sol-gel coated PHE plates of the invention exhibit an excellent wear resistance and have a flexibility that reduces the risk of cracks appearing in the coating.
  • the present invention also relates to a heat exchanger and a plate pack for plate heat exchangers comprising a number of heat transfer plates of the kinds as defined herein.
  • the present invention further relates to a method of producing a heat transfer plate comprising the steps of:
  • the coating used according to the present invention may be referred to as a non-stick coating and makes it easy to clean the plates of a fouled heat exchanger.
  • the coated plates according to the present invention show a better heat transfer over time compared to conventional heat exchanger plates since the latter ones gets fouled much quicker and thus decrease the heat transfer performance to a larger extent.
  • the coating of the plates also results in a much more even surface thus resulting in better flow characteristics.
  • the pressure drop is reduced over time for a plate heat exchanger according to the present invention in comparison with conventional plate heat exchangers, since the buildup of impurities, microorganisms and other substances is not as pronounced.
  • the coated plates according to the present invention may easily be cleaned just using high pressure washing with water. With a plate according to the present invention there is no need for extensive time consuming mechanical cleaning or cleaning using strong acids, bases or detergents, such as e.g. NaOH and HNO 3 .
  • a plate for use in a plate heat exchanger is coated with a composition comprising organosilicon compounds using a sol-gel process.
  • the organosilicon compounds are starting materials used in the sol-gel process and are preferably silicon alkoxy compounds.
  • a sol is converted into a gel to produce nano-materials.
  • nano-materials Through hydrolysis and condensation reactions a three-dimensional network of interlayered molecules is produced in a liquid.
  • Thermal processing stages serve to process the gel further into nano-materials or nanostructures resulting in a final coating.
  • the coating comprising said nano-materials or nanostructures mainly comprise silicon oxide, SiO x , having an atomic ratio of O/Si > 1, preferably an atomic ratio of O/Si ⁇ 1.5-3, and most preferably O/Si ⁇ 2-2.5.
  • a preferred silicon oxide is silica, SiO 2 .
  • the silicon oxide forms a three dimensional network having excellent adhesion to the plates.
  • the coating of the present invention further has a content of carbon such as found in hydrocarbon chains.
  • the carbon content is ⁇ 10 atomic%, preferably ⁇ 20-60 atomic%, and most preferably ⁇ 30-40 atomic%.
  • the hydrocarbons impart flexibility and resilience to the coating which is especially important in gasketed plate heat exchangers since the plates move during operation due to high pressures exerted on the plates in the plate package.
  • the hydrocarbon chains are hydrophobic and oleophobic which results in the non-stick properties of the coating.
  • Fig 3 is shown a schematic drawing of a plate for a plate heat exchanger provided with a siliconoxide sol gel coating. Between the plate itself and the siliconoxide layer is an interface between the coating siloxane and a metal oxide film of the plate.
  • the coating bulk that follows said interface is the siloxane network with organic linker chains and voids that impart flexibility to the coating.
  • the outermost layer is a functional surface, i e a hydrophobic/oleophobic surface for fouling reduction.
  • a plate for a plate heat exchanger which has excellent non-stick properties and also is wear and crack resistant.
  • the flexibility of the coating is especially important in plate heat exchangers provided with gaskets between the plates since it is a well known problem that the plate package is not rigid resulting in that coatings on the plates tend to crack when the flexible plates move and bend in relation to each other, a phenomenon called "snakeing".
  • At least one sol comprising organosilicon compounds is applied to the surface to be coated.
  • the surface may be wetted/coated with the sol in any suitable way. It is preferable for the surface coating to be applied by spraying, dipping or flooding.
  • At least a part of one side of the heat exchanger plate is to be coated. Alternatively, all surfaces of at least one side of a plate which during use in a PHE would be in contact with a fluid are coated.
  • at least one side of a heat exchanger plate may be entirely coated. Alternatively, both sides of the plate may be coated. If both sides are coated, they may be partly or fully coated, in any combination. Naturally, more surfaces than the surfaces intended to be in contact with fluid may be coated.
  • the gaskets may be coated with the composition according to the present invention.
  • the coating composition is preferably only applied on the surface of gaskets designated to be in contact with at least one fluid when in use in a PHE.
  • the coating composition according to the present invention may be applied to bare PHE plates or PHE plates with gaskets attached to them.
  • surfaces of plates and gaskets in contact with at least one fluid is intended to relate to surfaces in contact with fluid(s) within the heat exchanger.
  • the method comprises a pretreatment of at least the surfaces on the heat exchanger plates to be coated with at least one sol.
  • This pretreatment is also preferably carried out by means of dipping, flooding or spraying.
  • the pretreatment is used to clean the surfaces to be coated in order to obtain increased adhesion of the latter coating to the heat exchanger plate.
  • Examples of such pretreatments are treatment with acetone and/or alkaline solutions, e.g. caustic solution.
  • the method comprises thermal processing stages, e.g. a drying operation may be carried out after a pretreatment and a drying and/or curing operation is often necessary after the actual coating of the plate with said sol.
  • the coating is preferably subjected to heat using conventional heating apparatus, such as e.g. ovens.
  • the composition comprising SiOx is applied to a plate to be used in a plate heat exchanger.
  • the application of the composition is done by means of sol-gel processing.
  • the resulting film of said composition on the plate is preferably between 1 and 30 ⁇ m thick.
  • the thickness of the coated film is important for the use of the plate in a not permanently joined heat exchanger. A film thickness below 1 ⁇ m is considered being not enough wear resistant since the plates in a plate heat exchanger in use are able to move slightly in relation to each other. This slight movement causes wear on the film and with time the coating will become worn down.
  • the thickness of the film has an upper limit since the application of substances on the heat transfer plates influences the heat transfer and thus the performance of the plate heat exchanger.
  • the upper limit for the applied film is preferably 30 ⁇ m.
  • the film thickness of the silicon oxide sol containing composition is 1-30 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5-25 ⁇ m, preferably 2-20 ⁇ m, preferably 2-15 ⁇ m, preferably 2-10 ⁇ m and
  • the base material for the plates may be chosen from several metals and metal alloys.
  • the base material is chosen from titanium, nickel, copper, any alloys of the before mentioned, stainless steel and/or carbon steel.
  • titanium, any alloys of the before mentioned or stainless steel is preferred.
  • Coat 1 is a silane terminated polymer in butyl acetate and Coat 2 is a polysiloxan-urethane resin in solvent naphtha/butylacetate.
  • Adhesion was determined by cross-cut/tape test according to DIN EN ISO 2409. Rating is from 0 (excellent) to 5 (terrible). 0 or 1 is acceptable while 2 to 5 is not. First digit indicates rating after cross cut (1 mm grid) and the second digit gives rating after tape has been applied and taken off again. To obtain the best adhesion for Coat 1 and Coat 2 the substrates required pre-treatment.
  • the substrate To obtain the best adhesion of Coat 1 on stainless steel the substrate must be pre-treated.
  • the substrate is submerged in an alkaline cleaning detergent for 30 minutes. Afterwards the substrate is washed with water and demineralized water and dried before Coat 1 is applied within half an hour to achieve the optimal adhesion. Tests have shown the adhesion is reduced if cleaning of the substrate is only carried out with acetone.
  • Pre-treatment is also necessary for stainless steel substrates coated with Coat 2. This coating displayed unaffected adhesion whether an alkaline detergent or acetone was used as pre-treatment. If the pre-treatment step is neglected or not made correctly it will affect coating adhesion.
  • Both coatings showed good stability under acidic condition.
  • the coatings were stable for 11 ⁇ 2 hour at 75°C and more than 24 hours at room temperature.
  • Coat 1 Under alkaline conditions Coat 1 showed a better result than Coat 2. Coat 1 could withstand the alkaline conditions for 3 hours at 85 °C and Coat 2 for 2 hours at 85°C. Both coatings showed no decomposition or reduction in oleophobic properties after being submerged for 6 months in crude oil at room temperature.
  • M3 heat exchanger plates with gaskets were partly coated and then tested. To examine whether the partly coated gaskets would compromise the operation of the PHE, these test included pressure tests. It was concluded that partly coating of gaskets with the coatings did not impact operation. The M3 plates were not operated with crude oil.
  • Coat 1 and Coat 2 were applied to a total of 30 titanium M20 heat exchange plates (measuring 175 x 62 cm) used in a crude oil cooler. All plates underwent pre-treatment which consisted of:
  • the heat exchanger plates were then assembled with the remaining untreated 319 plates.
  • the coated plates were placed respectively in the front, middle and end of the assembled unit and the position of the coated plates in the PHE stack are shown in Fig 1 .
  • the evaluation of the coated plates was performed after more than seven months of operation.
  • XPS X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  • ESCA Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis
  • the measuring principle is that a sample, placed in high vacuum, is irradiated with well defined x-ray energy resulting in the emission of photoelectrons. Only those from the outermost surface layers reach the detector. By analyzing the kinetic energy of these photoelectrons, their binding energy can be calculated, thus giving their origin in relation to the element and the electron shell.
  • XPS provides quantitative data on both the elemental composition and different chemical states of an element (different functional groups, chemical bonding, oxidation state, etc). All elements except hydrogen and helium are detected and the surface chemical composition obtained is expressed in atomic%.
  • XPS spectra were recorded using a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD x-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The samples were analyzed using a monochromatic Al x-ray source. The analysis area was below 1 mm 2 .
  • thermo-imaging After four months of operation an off-shore pre-inspection by thermo-imaging was performed. Thermo-image of the mid region of heat exchanger in operation. The identity of the two coating systems was presumed from the installation, but it was obvious that two sets of PHE plates show increased heat transfer compared to the rest of the PHE unit.
  • the inspection showed an elevation temperature at the coated plates.
  • the non-coated plates showed a lower operating temperature.
  • the difference in temperature is presumed due to reduced fouling, hence a higher crude oil flow in the coated region which produces an elevated temperature.
  • fouling is used to describe the deposits formed on the PHE plates during operation.
  • the fouling are residues and deposits formed by the crude oil and consists of a waxy, organic part and a mineral/inorganic part.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Mit einer Dichtung versehene Platte für einen Plattenwärmetauscher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte eine Beschichtung aufweist, die Siliciumdioxid SiOx, das ein Atomverhältnis von O/Si ≥ 2 aufweist, einen Gehalt an Kohlenstoff von ≥ 30 Atom-% und eine Beschichtungsschichtdicke von 3 bis 10 µm umfasst, welche Beschichtung durch Sol-Gel-Verarbeiten hergestellt und auf mindestens einen Teil der Platte aufgebracht worden ist, wobei die Beschichtung auf die Oberfläche der Dichtung aufgebracht wird, die dafür bestimmt ist, in Kontakt mit mindestens einem Fluid zu stehen, wenn die Platte sich in einem Plattenwärmetauscher, der im Einsatz steht, befindet und wobei die Platte aus einem Basismaterial besteht, das unter Titan, Nickel, Kupfer, irgendwelchen Legierungen unter den oben Erwähnten, Edelstahl oder Kohlenstoffstahl ausgewählt wird.
  2. Plattenpackung für einen Plattenwärmetauscher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Anzahl von Platten der Arten, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, umfasst.
  3. Plattenwärmetauscher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine Anzahl von Heizplatten der Art, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert, umfasst.
  4. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer mit einer Dichtung versehenen Platte für einen Plattenwärmetauscher nach Anspruch 1, umfassend die Schritte des:
    a) Bildens einer Platte aus einem Basismaterial,
    b) Herstellens einer Zusammensetzung umfassend Organosiliciumverbindungen durch Sol-Gel-Verarbeiten und Aufbringen derselben auf mindestens einen Teil der Platte,
    c) Trocknens und/oder Aushärtens der Beschichtung, woraufhin die Beschichtung auf der Platte Siliciumdioxid umfasst.
EP11728966.0A 2010-05-26 2011-05-26 Wärmetauscherplatten mit fäulnisverhindernden eigenschaften Active EP2577209B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11728966T PL2577209T3 (pl) 2010-05-26 2011-05-26 Płyty wymiennika ciepła o właściwościach przeciwosadowych
SI201131332T SI2577209T1 (sl) 2010-05-26 2011-05-26 Plošče toplotnega izmenjevalnika z lastnostmi proti obraščanju

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1050525 2010-05-26
PCT/SE2011/050654 WO2012018296A1 (en) 2010-05-26 2011-05-26 Heat exchanger plates with anti-fouling properties

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2577209A1 EP2577209A1 (de) 2013-04-10
EP2577209B1 true EP2577209B1 (de) 2017-10-04

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EP (1) EP2577209B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2013528276A (de)
CN (1) CN102906527B (de)
BR (1) BR112012027928B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2798153C (de)
DK (1) DK2577209T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2650243T3 (de)
HU (1) HUE035903T2 (de)
NO (1) NO2577209T3 (de)
PL (1) PL2577209T3 (de)
PT (1) PT2577209T (de)
SA (1) SA111320468B1 (de)
SI (1) SI2577209T1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012018296A1 (de)

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DE102012100820A1 (de) * 2012-02-01 2013-08-01 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Trennelement, Wärmespeichervorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Trennelements
DK2884213T3 (da) * 2013-12-13 2019-01-02 Alfa Laval Corp Ab Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en pladevarmeveksler
DK178553B1 (en) 2014-04-25 2016-06-13 Teknologisk Inst Temperature fluctuation and temperature gradient resistant coating composition having also corrosion inhibiting properties, method for making the coating and use thereof
JP6399467B1 (ja) * 2017-11-21 2018-10-03 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 自動販売機
CN112240724B (zh) * 2019-07-18 2022-03-15 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 换热板片及板式换热器
EP4176102A1 (de) * 2020-07-01 2023-05-10 Siox ApS Bewuchshemmender behandelter wärmetauscher und verfahren zur herstellung eines bewuchshemmenden behandelten wärmetauschers
CN112431157B (zh) * 2020-11-18 2022-08-05 东南大学 一种高效且低损的机场道面胶黑处理方法
CN115260798B (zh) * 2022-06-22 2023-10-27 上海高意匠健康科技有限公司 一种太赫兹超高温杀菌机

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BR112012027928A2 (pt) 2016-08-16
WO2012018296A1 (en) 2012-02-09
SA111320468B1 (ar) 2015-04-01
PT2577209T (pt) 2017-12-06
ES2650243T3 (es) 2018-01-17
HUE035903T2 (en) 2018-05-28
CN102906527B (zh) 2016-07-06
EP2577209A1 (de) 2013-04-10
NO2577209T3 (de) 2018-03-03
CA2798153A1 (en) 2012-02-09
CA2798153C (en) 2016-06-28
DK2577209T3 (en) 2018-01-02
CN102906527A (zh) 2013-01-30
SI2577209T1 (sl) 2017-12-29
BR112012027928B1 (pt) 2020-11-17
JP2013528276A (ja) 2013-07-08
PL2577209T3 (pl) 2018-01-31

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