EP2599159A1 - Antenne imprimee a rayonnement directif de preference optiquement transparente - Google Patents
Antenne imprimee a rayonnement directif de preference optiquement transparenteInfo
- Publication number
- EP2599159A1 EP2599159A1 EP11735654.3A EP11735654A EP2599159A1 EP 2599159 A1 EP2599159 A1 EP 2599159A1 EP 11735654 A EP11735654 A EP 11735654A EP 2599159 A1 EP2599159 A1 EP 2599159A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plane
- antenna
- annular slot
- radiation
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0464—Annular ring patch
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
- H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
- H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
- H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/16—Folded slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of telecommunications and particularly that of printed antennas for mobile cellular networks.
- the invention more particularly relates to a printed antenna and in particular an optically transparent printed antenna whose ground plane is constituted by an optically transparent conductive deposit, preferably in the form of a grid.
- the invention is particularly applicable in the context of UMTS 2000 telecommunications (in English, "Universal Mobile Telecommunications Standard 2000").
- a printed antenna usually comprises a ground plane, a radiation plane comprising one or more radiating elements and a dielectric substrate (for example air) interposed between the ground plane and the radiation plane.
- a dielectric substrate for example air
- the radiating element usually consists of a conductive square surface printed on the radiation plane and fed by a microstrip line printed on the radiation plane or well on another plane disposed between the ground plane and the plane of radiation.
- An object of the invention is to improve the performance of printed antennas of known type.
- the invention relates to a printed antenna comprising: a ground plane constituted by at least one conductive deposit; a radiation plane disposed above the ground plane, the radiation plane comprising a radiating element.
- the antenna of the invention is characterized in that the radiation plane comprises a conductive deposit, in that the radiating element is constituted by discontinuities formed in the conductive deposit, the discontinuities forming an annular slot and at least two slots linearly arranged around the annular slot and in that the antenna further comprises a feed plane disposed above the ground plane, the feed plane comprising a conductive deposit defining an electric dipole, the linear slots being intended for electromagnetically coupled to the annular slot and the electric dipole of the feed plane is intended to be electromagnetically coupled to the annular slot.
- the antenna of the invention has a broadband operation which results from the following mechanisms:
- the antenna of the invention makes it possible, because of the structure of the radiating element, to have a wider frequency band of adaptation and radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes are narrower compared to a conventional patch antenna.
- the conductive deposit may be such that the antenna is optically transparent.
- the dimensions of the linear slits and of the electric dipole of the feed plane are such that they define each of the dipoles ⁇ / 2;
- the radiating element is disposed above the supply line, the annular slot and the linear slots being concentric;
- the supply line is constituted by at least one conductive deposit of a first constant width on a first portion of the line, a second constant width on a second portion of the line, the second portion being in the extension of the first part, and a third constant width on a third part of the line, the third part being in the extension of the second part and is vis-à-vis the radiating element;
- the junction between the third part and the second part is centered on the portion of the annular slot crossing said junction;
- the annular slot of the radiating element is connected at two points of the third part of the supply line, each point being respectively disposed at intersections between the supply line and the annular slot;
- the annular slot of the radiating element is of generally rectangular shape
- the conductive deposition of the ground plane and / or the radiation plane and / or the power plane is a mesh conductor such that the plane containing said mesh is optically transparent;
- o of the ground plane varies locally according to the electromagnetic activity of the radiating element placed vis-à-vis;
- the radiation plan locally varies according to its electromagnetic activity
- the supply plan varies locally according to the electromagnetic activity of the power supply line
- the ground plane and / or the power plane and / or the radiation plane rest on a transparent or flexible transparent substrate (s), plane (s) ) or curve (s) to fit a conformal surface, the substrate (s) being preferably made of glass;
- each plane is separated by a dielectric substrate, the dielectric substrate is a gas, preferably air;
- the discontinuities are formed by removing the conductive deposit so as to draw the linear slots and the annular slots.
- the invention relates to an antenna array comprising a plurality of antennas according to the first aspect of the invention.
- the antennas are arranged, on a panel, relative to one another according to at least one tree structure.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a three-dimensional view of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates a view from above of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 4 illustrates a view from above of the radiation plane of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 5 illustrates a view from above of the antenna supply plane of the invention
- FIG. 6 illustrates a view from above of the ground plane of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 7 illustrates a detailed view of the radiating element of the radiation plane of the antenna of the invention.
- FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c illustrate the adjustment of the misalignment of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 9 illustrates a diagram of an antenna array comprising several antennas of the invention.
- FIGS. 10a and 10b respectively show a view from above and a three-dimensional view of a conventional "patch" antenna as known;
- FIGS. 11a and 11b illustrate performances of the antenna of the invention compared to those of a conventional antenna known as "patch" as known;
- FIGS. 12a and 12b illustrate the progressive misalignment of the main lobe of the radiation pattern of the antenna of the invention
- FIG. 13 illustrates a tri-sectoral arrangement of several antennas of the invention mounted on a base station.
- FIGS. 1 to 13 Reference is made hereinafter to FIGS. 1 to 13.
- optically transparent material is meant in the description which follows a material which is transparent in at least a part of the field of visible light, passing at least about 30% of this light, and preferably more than 60% of the light. light.
- the printed antenna comprises a ground plane 10 constituted by a conductive deposit 100, a radiation plane 30 disposed above the ground plane 10, the radiation plane 30 comprising a radiating element 31, 32, 33.
- the feed plane 20 comprises a conductive deposit defining an electromagnetic dipole 21.
- Each plane 10, 20, 30 is for example a glass substrate with a thickness of between 1 and 5 mm, typically 1. 1 mm in size between 300 x 300 and 500 x 500 mm 2 , typically 400 x 400 mm 2 .
- the antenna also comprises a dielectric substrate 3 disposed between the ground plane 10 and the feed plane 20 on the one hand and between the feed plane 20 and the radiation plane 30 on the other hand.
- the dielectric substrate 3 is, for example, a gas (neutral: nitrogen, argon, etc.), preferably air or a material with low magneto-dielectric constants.
- the dielectric substrate 3 is, for example, of a thickness of between 4 and 12 mm, typically 8 mm.
- Each plane 10, 20, 30 comprises a conductive deposit 100, 200, 300 which according to the plane 10, 20, 30 auguel is described or not described a pattern, the assembly consisting of the planes 10, 20, 30 allowing get a antennal function.
- the pattern is either directly defined by the conductive deposit or by discontinuities. Such discontinuities include removal of material in a conductive deposit.
- a plate 23 comprising a coaxial plug 213 is connected to the conductive dipole 21 of the supply plane, this plate 23 further allows to connect the ground plane 10 and radiation 30.
- the conductive deposits 100, 200, 300 are advantageously positioned on the upper surface of the ground plane 10 and the feed plane 20 and on the lower surface of the radiation plane 30 so that the deposit 200 of the feed plane 20 and the deposition 300 of the radiation plane 300 are separated by the dielectric substrate 3.
- the deposition 100 of the ground plane 10 and the deposition 200 of the feed plane are in turn separated by the thickness of the substrate comprising the feed plane and the dielectric substrate 3.
- the ground plane 10 is completely covered with a conductive deposit 100 without or with discontinuities.
- discontinuity means localized or non-localized removal of the material constituting the conductive deposit.
- the feed plane 20 comprises a conductive deposit which forms an electric dipole 21.
- This electric dipole has dimensions to form a dipole ⁇ / 2. Note that beyond the electric dipole 21, there is no conductive deposit.
- the electric dipole 21 is constituted by at least one conductive deposit of a first constant width on a first portion 210 of the electric dipole 21, a second constant width on a second portion 21 1 electric dipole 21, the second portion being in the extension of the first portion 210, and a third constant width on a third portion 212 of the electric dipole 21, the third portion being in the extension of the second portion 21 1 and is vis-à-vis of the radiating element.
- the width of the third portion 212 is greater than the width of the second portion 21 1.
- misalignment of an antenna for UMTS cellular networks is generally used in the vertical plane of the radiation patterns.
- the antenna of the invention makes use of a dipole ⁇ / 2 whose excitation is at its ends, where the electric fields radiated by said dipole are the strongest.
- the radiation plane 30 is constituted by a conductive deposit 300.
- the radiating element consists of discontinuities 31, 32, 33 formed in the conductive material 300, the discontinuities forming an annular slot 33 and two linear slots 31, 32 flanking said slot 33.
- This annular slot structure in association with the two linear slots 32, 33, makes it possible to have a wider band of adaptation frequencies and radiation patterns in the horizontal and vertical planes that are narrower compared to a conventional patch antenna. .
- Adjustment of the adaptation strip is achieved by controlling several parameters, such as, for example, the opening size of the linear slots 31 and 32; the spacing between the linear slots 31, 32 and the slot 33.
- the angular aperture of the half-power horizontal radiation pattern can be controlled by weighting the amplitude of the signal feeding the two points of the annular slot.
- the angular misalignment of the main lobe of the horizontal radiation pattern is controlled by the weighting of the phase of the signal supplying the two points of the annular slot.
- the optimized dimensions (see FIG. 7) of the antenna, and in particular the pattern drawn on the radiation plane for the antenna operating around 2 GHz, are given here in a non-limiting manner.
- the annular slot 33 here takes a simplified square shape with a slot width of 7.5 mm and 58 mm on the outer side, the tips of the rectangular slot being bevelled at 45 ° to a depth corresponding to the width of the slot.
- the two linear slots are two slits 6 mm wide and 86.6 mm long outside, in the bevelled form of the annular slot to form 90 ° segments of 10 mm in length. They are spaced 86.6 mm apart from each other, centered around the annular slot and disposed on one side and the other side of the axis of the supply line 212. This line has a length of 55 mm and width of 27 mm.
- the annular slot consists of four parts: a lower left part 334, a lower right part 333, a left upper part 331 and a right upper part 332.
- the annular slot 33 is centered on an orthonormal reference X, Y taken in the radiation plane.
- Each portion 331, 332, 333, 334 schematically corresponds to a quadrant of the X, Y mark.
- the radiating element 33 can relatively relocate relative to the conductive deposit 21 of the supply plane to modify the misalignment of the radiation pattern of the antenna.
- FIGS. 8a, 8b and 8c illustrate the positioning of the radiating element with respect to the conductive deposit 21.
- the modification of the misalignment of the antenna is obtained by shifting the point B with respect to the point A along a straight line which passes through the points A and B, which line is also a longitudinal axis of symmetry of the third part 212.
- the annular slot is excited electromagnetically at two diametrically opposite points by the electric dipole 21 of the feed plane located below the annular slot.
- the conductive deposits 100, 200, 300 may be formed in any conductive material, for example a copper deposit.
- the conductive deposits 100, 200, 300 may be optically transparent or not.
- an optically transparent antenna is preferred.
- the optically transparent printed antenna is obtained by using, for the ground, radiation and power planes, transparent dielectric substrates of the glass or plexiglass type.
- the optically transparent conductive deposit is, for example, indium oxide doped with tin ITO or with silver-doped tin oxide AgHT deposited on a plastic film (for example a polyester film).
- the conductive deposits can be replaced by a conductive mesh.
- the mesh used has a number of parameters that influence optical transparency.
- the sizing of the conductive mesh 100 of the ground plane 10 may vary locally depending on the electromagnetic activity of the radiating element 31, 32, 33
- the ground plane 10 it is also possible to adjust the size of the mesh of the radiation plane 30 as a function of its local electromagnetic activity.
- the mesh is tightened and elsewhere the mesh is released to gain optical transparency without degrading the overall radio performance of the antenna.
- the mesh of the conductive deposit 21 of the supply plane will be narrowed to allow electromagnetic coupling with the radiation plane (in particular the annular slot), the tightening of the mesh may be maximum close to the coaxial plug 213 (sheet or metal layer without any recess).
- the meshes of the radiation plane 300 and the ground plane 100 will be gradually released and / or assigned discontinuities in the vicinity of the edges of the antenna to limit the radiation of the rear face (see on this subject the request for patent FR 10/50392).
- the conductive mesh is for example made of iron, nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, molybdenum, tin, indium, zinc, tungsten, platinum, manganese, magnesium, lead, preferably silver, copper, gold or aluminum or metal alloy chosen according to the electrical conductivity. It typically takes the form of a grid whose ratio between the size of the openings of the mesh and the width of the tracks of the mesh defines the level of optical transparency of the ground plane, the feed line of the feed plane and the radiation plan.
- the dimensioning of the mesh is characterized by its pitch (or periodicity), by the width and thickness of the conductive tracks (or by the opening made in the pitch).
- the conductive deposit can be obtained by various means.
- the conductive deposit can thus be made of a metal sheet
- the conductive deposit can be made physically (PVD), for example by spraying, evaporation under vacuum, laser ablation, etc. or by other means, for example chemical deposition (silver plating, copper plating, gilding, aluminide, tin plating, nickel plating, etc.), by screen printing, by electrolytic deposition, by chemical vapor deposition (CVD, PECVD, OMCVD, ...), etc.
- the openings of the conductive mesh in the sheet or metal film can be made by standard photolithography from a photomask or mask transferred by laser writing on a reserve and the associated chemical etching, or by tampongraphy followed by a chemical etching , or by ion etching through a mask.
- the mesh can also be directly produced by screen printing through a screen (in English, "screen printing"), by jet printing of a conductive ink (and annealing associated), by electroforming, by direct writing via decomposition under laser beam of an organometallic, etc.
- Figure 9 illustrates an example of such a panel.
- the panel consists of several printed antennas 1 arranged in one or more trees 51.
- the panel of FIG. 9 comprises sixteen printed antennas 1 arranged on two arbores 51 of four levels arranged relative to each other so that the printed antennas are directed towards the center of the panel 50.
- the second portion 21 1 of the conductive deposit 21 of the supply plane is inclined at 45 ° with respect to the first portion 210 of the conductive deposit 21 of the supply plane, the first portion 210 of the conductive deposit 21 of the supply plane being perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of symmetry of the panel 50.
- Such an arrangement allows the formation of a network of linear antennas having a main polarization at 45 °.
- This conventional "patch” type antenna comprises a square radiating element 90 also derived from the printed technology and often serving as a reference (see FIGS. 10a and 10b).
- the square patch 90 is powered by a microstrip line 91. These two elements positioned on a substrate 94 under which there is a ground plane 93.
- the annular slot antenna makes it possible to obtain two major properties for its use in panel antennas for cellular networks:
- FIG. 11a shows the adaptation levels in dB (Su) as a function of the operating frequency (GHz).
- a radiating element is commonly considered to be adapted to a bandwidth when its reflection coefficient (Su) is less than -10 dB throughout the band and around its central frequency.
- the conventional patch is adapted between 1.99 GHz and 2.015 GHz (see curve 102), so its band is 25 MHz or 1.25% bandwidth.
- the structure presented here is highly resonant.
- the annular slot antenna is, in turn, adapted between 1.85 GHz and 2.20 GHz (see curve 101), its band is therefore 350 MHz, or 17.3% bandwidth.
- the annular slot antenna has an enlarged band, which is achieved through the optimized conjugation of the annular slot and linear slots.
- the annular slot antenna therefore has the advantage of having a frequency band much wider work than the conventional patch antenna.
- FIG. 11b shows the radiation patterns of the conventional patch antenna and the annular slot antenna.
- FIG. 13 A tri-sectoral arrangement is shown in Figure 13. This arrangement uses sources with mid-power (-3 dB) apertures at about 65 ° (or about 120 ° to -10 dB).
- FIG. 11b shows the radiation patterns of the conventional patch antenna (curve 1 12) and the annular slot antenna (curve 1 1 1) for an operating frequency at 2 GHz.
- the opening at -3 dB is 86 ° for the radiating patch and only 64 ° for the annular slot antenna.
- this new structure makes it possible to offer a directivity stronger and in accordance with the needs of the tri-sectoral panel antennas by tightening the opening of the radiation pattern and to operate on a band working frequencies, especially in the entire 1900 - 2170 MHz UMTS band.
- Figure 12a illustrates the H-plane antenna radiation pattern for three positions of point A with respect to point B and with an operating frequency of 2.17 GHz in the UMTS band.
- the antenna has an identical radiation in the plane E.
- FIG. 12b illustrates the different positions P1, P2, P3 of point A relative to point B in an X, Y coordinate system centered on the radiating element.
- point A at position P1 corresponds to a direction of the main lobe in the axis of the radiant source.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1056089A FR2963168B1 (fr) | 2010-07-26 | 2010-07-26 | Antenne imprimee a rayonnement directif de preference optiquement transparente |
| PCT/EP2011/062775 WO2012013644A1 (fr) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-26 | Antenne imprimee a rayonnement directif de preference optiquement transparente |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2599159A1 true EP2599159A1 (fr) | 2013-06-05 |
Family
ID=43902742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11735654.3A Withdrawn EP2599159A1 (fr) | 2010-07-26 | 2011-07-26 | Antenne imprimee a rayonnement directif de preference optiquement transparente |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2599159A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2963168B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012013644A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3072832B1 (fr) * | 2017-10-19 | 2019-10-18 | Universite De Rennes 1 | Systeme antennaire agile optiquement transparent |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1050392A (fr) | 1951-09-13 | 1954-01-07 | Dispositif de chauffage à air chaud pour véhicules automobiles | |
| FR2598036B1 (fr) * | 1986-04-23 | 1988-08-12 | France Etat | Antenne plaque a doubles polarisations croisees |
| FR2651926B1 (fr) * | 1989-09-11 | 1991-12-13 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne plane. |
| US6388621B1 (en) * | 2000-06-20 | 2002-05-14 | Harris Corporation | Optically transparent phase array antenna |
| US6593891B2 (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-07-15 | Hitachi Cable, Ltd. | Antenna apparatus having cross-shaped slot |
| US20060240882A1 (en) * | 2005-04-26 | 2006-10-26 | Nagy Louis L | Self-structuring antenna arrangement |
-
2010
- 2010-07-26 FR FR1056089A patent/FR2963168B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-07-26 EP EP11735654.3A patent/EP2599159A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-26 WO PCT/EP2011/062775 patent/WO2012013644A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
| See also references of WO2012013644A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2963168B1 (fr) | 2012-08-24 |
| FR2963168A1 (fr) | 2012-01-27 |
| WO2012013644A1 (fr) | 2012-02-02 |
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