EP2599886B1 - Grauguss mit superfeinem Graphit, einer hohen primären Austenitanteil und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften - Google Patents

Grauguss mit superfeinem Graphit, einer hohen primären Austenitanteil und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2599886B1
EP2599886B1 EP20110382369 EP11382369A EP2599886B1 EP 2599886 B1 EP2599886 B1 EP 2599886B1 EP 20110382369 EP20110382369 EP 20110382369 EP 11382369 A EP11382369 A EP 11382369A EP 2599886 B1 EP2599886 B1 EP 2599886B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
cast iron
graphite
flake
mechanical properties
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Not-in-force
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EP20110382369
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2599886A1 (de
Inventor
Michael Stefanescu Doru
Pello Larrañaga
Jon Sertucha
Ramón Suárez
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Casa Maristas Azterlan
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Casa Maristas Azterlan
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Priority to ES11382369.4T priority Critical patent/ES2523887T3/es
Priority to EP20110382369 priority patent/EP2599886B1/de
Publication of EP2599886A1 publication Critical patent/EP2599886A1/de
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
    • C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new material for use in the metallurgy industry, and more particularly, relates to a flake graphitic cast iron the composition of which allows obtaining a higher amount of primary austenite and a superfine graphite structure which allows achieving optimized mechanical properties (greater tensile strength and less hardness at equivalent carbon equality).
  • a superfine graphite an intermediate structure between coral graphite and type D graphite" (called superfine graphite) conferring high strength and low hardness to relatively high equivalent carbons is achieved.
  • Gray cast iron or flake graphite cast iron continues to be a material with wide technological application in the sectors of automation, machine tool, renewable energies, etc.
  • Flake graphitic cast iron is a material with low manufacturing cost and with physical properties of great technological value (relatively high heat conductivity, great vibration absorbing capacity, low thermal shrinkage, etc.).
  • mechanical properties of many of these materials are limited if compared with those commonly obtained in other types of iron alloys (steels or nodular cast irons), which do not have the advantageous physical properties of flake cast irons.
  • the common microstructure of gray cast iron is made up of graphite sheets inside a ferritic/pearlitic core.
  • the mechanical and physical properties depend on the length and distribution of the graphite sheets and on the resulting ferrite/pearlite ratio.
  • compositions and mechanical properties of several types of gray cast iron are Compositions and mechanical properties of several types of gray cast iron.
  • Tensile strength of the flake graphitic cast iron can be increased by reducing the CE of the alloy (especially the C content as shown in Table 1) or by adding alloy elements strengthening the core.
  • the reduction of CE is associated to an increase of hardness (see Table 1) and an increase of the alloy shrinkage phenomena due to the precipitation of a lower amount of graphite.
  • the other aspect with a decisive influence on tensile strength is the graphite shape and distribution. Fine flake graphite with type D distribution is commonly obtained in hypo-euthetic cast irons subjected to relatively high cooling rate. It is also possible to obtain this graphitic structure in cast irons with a normal sulfur content (0.03-0.08 % by weight), high titanium content (0.5 - 1%) and high cooling rates ( B. Lux, Mem. Sci. Rev. Mett. LXVI, 196, 347 ).
  • the sulfur modifies the length and the distribution of the graphite sheets in flake graphitic cast iron, enhancing precipitation according to type A distribution ( K. M. Muzumdar and J. F. Wallace, AFS Transactions, 81 (1973) 412-423 ) .
  • the reduction of the S content below 0.02 % by weight causes the precipitation of graphite sheets according to the type D distribution due to the subcooling increase ( M. Chisamera, et al., AFS Transactions, 07-023 (05 )).
  • S (sulfides)-based compounds which act as the origins for graphite precipitation are formed, type A distribution being favored ( B. Francis, Metallurgical Transactions A, 10a, 1979 ) ( l. Riposan, et al., Proceedings of the AFS Cast Iron Inoculation Conference, 2005 ).
  • Coral graphite is a type of very branched graphite different from type D distribution and from vermicular (or compact) graphite.
  • Coral graphite is obtained from Fe-C-Si alloys with very low alloying, especially with very reduced S content (less than 0.001 % by weight) and with high cooling rates ( B. Lux, Giesserei Anlagen, 19, 1967, 141 ) are obtained.
  • This type of chemical compositions does not have practical industrial applications due to the economic increase involved in producing an alloy of these characteristics.
  • the S content is that common for the flake graphitic cast irons (0.065-0.110%).
  • the Ti content in manufacturing parts from flake graphitic cast iron is limited to 0.030%, because the formation of complex compounds reduce the service life of the tools used for performing the machining operation ( D. Zeng, ef al., Tsinghua Science and Technology, 2008, Vol. 13, No. 2, 127-131 ).
  • flake cast iron covers a range of strengths which may vary from 150 to 450 MPa. It is important to point out from Table 1 that in order to obtain a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa, the equivalent carbon content must be very low (less than 3.67%), but on the other hand, this composition is associated to a relatively low hardness (greater than 235 HBW) and a high cavity and microcavity forming capacity.
  • a Flake gray cast iron with a higher amount of primary austenite and a superfine flake graphite, high tensile strength and relatively low hardness values which is obtained by following a gray cast iron standard manufacturing process, and which has a strength greater than and a hardness similar to the flake graphitic cast iron with a same equivalent carbon content.
  • the gray cast iron thus obtained with the composition of the present invention has a ratio between the primary austenite with respect to the eutectic phases of 0.3 to 0.5, with graphite separations giving rise to a superfine morphology, having a tensile strength greater than 300 MPa and a hardness less than 200 HBW.
  • the following composition is used: 3.4 % by weight of C; 2.05 % by weight of Si; 0.53% by weight Mn; 0.008 % by weight of S; 0.017 % by weight P and from 0.19 to 0.40% by weight of Ti.
  • An additional object of the invention is to thus provide a cast iron containing superfine graphite which is a form of intermediate graphite between type D and coral graphite, with a high ratio of primary austenite with respect to the eutectic phases and subjected to cooling rates up to 1°C/s.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a cast iron containing superfine graphite with a hardness/tensile strength ratio less than that corresponding to the flake graphitic cast irons with similar chemical compositions (except S and Ti contents).
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a flake graphitic cast iron having low manufacturing cost but with high strengths and comparable to those obtained in economically more expensive cast irons of high alloy.
  • the present invention allows obtaining a family of economically competitive flake graphitic cast irons with improved mechanical properties. These materials can be manufactured by following a common methodology (without special production requirements) and need minor addition of a specific element (Ti).
  • the present invention allows obtaining a family of economically competitive flake graphitic cast irons with improved mechanical properties. These materials can be manufactured by following a common methodology (without special production requirements) and need minor addition of only a specific element which is titanium (Ti).
  • the materials of the present invention allow reaching tensile strength values greater than 300 MPa, elastic limits greater than 250 MPa and hardnesses less than 200 HBW, following a manufacturing methodology similar to that commonly used, i.e., a molten alloy is prepared but the chemical composition thereof is that specified below:
  • the alloy is then inoculated in casting vein with an inoculant material, adding between 0.05 and 0.25% by weight with respect to the amount of alloy cast in a sand mold.
  • the grain size of the inoculant product is preferred to be from 0.1-0.5 mm and its chemical composition, the following:
  • the molten alloy is cast in the following step using any conventional means.
  • the ways of casting are essentially with an automatic casting system or using semiautomatic or manual ladles and pouring the alloy into the mold.
  • the mold used is made of sand (chemical molding or green sand moulding). Any flow mark capable of manufacturing (horizontal or vertical) sand molds can be used.
  • An advantage of the present invention is that the number of chemical alloying elements is reduced because only Ti is used as strengthening agent for strengthening the metal core.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is that alloys with high equivalent carbon contents is worked with, which show lower shrinkage capacity in the solidification process (minimizing shrinkage defects) and their behaviour during the part machining operations is clearly more favorable due to the presence of a higher amount of precipitated graphite.
  • the materials of the present invention are oriented to the manufacturing of parts from flake graphitic cast iron which are mainly intended for the sectors of automation (disc brake, casings, steering wheels, engine blocks), machine-tool (bed plates) and/or in the manufacturing of pulleys, valve bodies, etc.
  • flake graphitic cast iron which are mainly intended for the sectors of automation (disc brake, casings, steering wheels, engine blocks), machine-tool (bed plates) and/or in the manufacturing of pulleys, valve bodies, etc.
  • Currently, a considerable number of parts are manufactured using flake cast irons containing high contents of the alloy elements Cu, Mo, V, Sn, Sb, etc.
  • the present invention offers a group of alloys with improved mechanical properties forming a cheaper and simpler alternative for the conventional materials.
  • a cast iron load which consisted of 15 kg ingot and 85 kg low S content returns was prepared. Said load was introduced in a medium frequency induction furnace (250 Hz, 100 Kw) with a 100 kg capacity. The objective composition was 3.4% C and 2.1% Si. After having been melted and the temperature being increased to 1500°C, the metal was transferred to a 50 kg ladle in order to cast the alloy prepared in two molds. Each of these molds configures a standard Type II wedge (according to EN-1563 standard).
  • inoculant with the following composition (68.1% Si; 1.65% Ca; 0.89% Al; 0.45% Bi; 0.38% Ba; 0.37% RE) was deposited at the bottom of the molds.
  • the remaining alloy contained in the ladle was returned to the furnace.
  • the carbon content was adjusted and 75 g FeTi (65% Ti) were added.
  • the temperature of the resulting alloy was elevated and the latter was transferred again from the furnace to the casting ladle in order to cast a second pair of molds.
  • the method was repeated two more times with addition of 200 g FeTi each time.
  • 5 kg ingot and 35 kg returns from the spheroidal graphitic cast iron were added for the purpose of reducing the Ti content to half.
  • Cylindrical test pieces of 10 mm were prepared from each of the wedges manufactured for the purpose of conducting tensile tests (tensile strength, elastic limit and elongation). Metallographic analyses and analyses by scanning electron microscopy on the rupture of the tested test pieces were also performed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist:
    von 3,2 bis 3,6 Gewichtsprozent C,
    von 1,8 bis 2,2 Gewichtsprozent Si,
    von 0,1 bis 0,8 Gewichtsprozent Mn,
    bis zu 0,02 Gewichtsprozent S,
    bis zu 0,1 Gewichtsprozent P
    von 0,15 bis 0,60 Gewichtsprozent Ti
    wobei der Rest der Zusammensetzung Eisen und Spuren von anderen Elementen ist.
  2. Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Verhältnis von Primäraustenit zu den eutektischen Phasen von 0,3 bis 0,5 hat..
  3. Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Graphitausscheidungen hat, welche eine superfeine Morphologie erzeugen.
  4. Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 300 MPa hat.
  5. Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Härte von weniger als 200 HBW hat.
  6. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie folgendes aufweist:
    3,4 Gewichtsprozent C,
    2,05 Gewichtsprozent Si,
    0,53 Gewichtsprozent Mn;
    0,008 Gewichtsprozent S;
    0,017 Gewichtsprozent P; und
    von 0, 19 bis 0,4 Gewichtsprozent Ti.
EP20110382369 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Grauguss mit superfeinem Graphit, einer hohen primären Austenitanteil und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften Not-in-force EP2599886B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES11382369.4T ES2523887T3 (es) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Fundición de hierro gris con grafito superfino, elevada fracción de austenita primaria y propiedades mecánicas optimizadas
EP20110382369 EP2599886B1 (de) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Grauguss mit superfeinem Graphit, einer hohen primären Austenitanteil und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20110382369 EP2599886B1 (de) 2011-11-29 2011-11-29 Grauguss mit superfeinem Graphit, einer hohen primären Austenitanteil und optimierten mechanischen Eigenschaften

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EP2599886A1 EP2599886A1 (de) 2013-06-05
EP2599886B1 true EP2599886B1 (de) 2014-08-13

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ES (1) ES2523887T3 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106906438A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-06-30 长安大学 一种含石墨组织的热喷涂用灰铸铁粉体的制备方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103602879A (zh) * 2013-12-02 2014-02-26 丹阳市锦雄机械制造有限公司 一种高强度灰铸铁材料制备方法
CN103898268B (zh) * 2014-04-14 2015-08-26 福建省建阳市杜氏铸造有限公司 球化剂伴侣
CN113652598B (zh) * 2021-08-04 2022-05-24 苏州勤堡精密机械有限公司 一种锆铈合金灰铸铁件
CN119464919B (zh) * 2024-11-13 2025-11-11 襄阳金耐特机械股份有限公司 一种灰铸铁

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3997338A (en) 1974-03-22 1976-12-14 Centre De Recherches Scientifiques Et Techniques De L'industrie Des Fabrications Metalliques, En Abrege C.R.I.F. Gray cast iron
SU590359A1 (ru) * 1975-07-18 1978-01-30 Ижевский механический институт Серый чугун
US8333923B2 (en) 2007-02-28 2012-12-18 Caterpillar Inc. High strength gray cast iron
CN101555566A (zh) * 2009-05-11 2009-10-14 苏州东方枫晟科技有限公司 一种合金铸铁玻璃模具材料

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106906438A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-06-30 长安大学 一种含石墨组织的热喷涂用灰铸铁粉体的制备方法

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ES2523887T3 (es) 2014-12-02

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