EP2601441A2 - Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée

Info

Publication number
EP2601441A2
EP2601441A2 EP11725739.4A EP11725739A EP2601441A2 EP 2601441 A2 EP2601441 A2 EP 2601441A2 EP 11725739 A EP11725739 A EP 11725739A EP 2601441 A2 EP2601441 A2 EP 2601441A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
tubes
forced
steam
generator tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11725739.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2601441B1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Brodesser
Jan BRÜCKNER
Martin Effert
Joachim Franke
Tobias Schulze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2601441A2 publication Critical patent/EP2601441A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2601441B1 publication Critical patent/EP2601441B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
    • F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/36—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
    • F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
    • F22B21/36—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber
    • F22B21/366—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers involving an upper drum or headers mounted at the top of the combustion chamber involving a horizontal drum mounted in the middle of the boiler
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/02—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of forced-circulation type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B37/70—Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
    • F22B37/74—Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a forced once-through steam generator with a surrounding gas-tight welded, formed in the vertical direction steam generator tubes wall, in which a fürgangs ⁇ collector is arranged within the enclosure, the first plurality of parallel switched steam generator tubes outlet side with a two ⁇ th, the first A plurality of series connected downstream plurality of steam generator tubes connected on the inlet side flow medium side. It further relates to a power plant with such a steam generator.
  • a steam generator is a plant for producing steam from a flow medium.
  • a fluid medium typically water is heated, and vice ⁇ converts into steam.
  • the steam is then used to drive machinery or generate electrical energy.
  • a steam generator comprises an evaporator for generating the steam and a superheater, in which the steam is heated to the temperature required for the consumer.
  • the evaporator is preceded by a preheater for the use of waste heat, which further increases the efficiency of the overall system.
  • Steam generators are industrially today usually designed as ⁇ serrohrkessel, ie, the flow medium is guided in steam generator tubes.
  • the steam generator tubes can be welded gas-tight with each other and thus form a order ⁇ supervisedswand, within which the heat-supplying hot gas is guided.
  • Steam generators can be designed either in a vertical or horizontal design, ie, the hot gas is guided in the vertical or horizontal direction.
  • Steam generators can furthermore be designed as forced-circulation steam generators, the passage of the flow medium being forced by a feed pump. The flow medium is conveyed by the feed pump into the boiler and successively the preheater, the evaporator and the superheater are flowed through.
  • the tubing of the containment is subdivided into a unte ⁇ ren and an upper section, said lower section includes a first plurality of parallel-connected steam ⁇ generator tubes and the upper portion of a second, the first plurality serially downstream Plural parallel connected steam generator tubes.
  • the lower and upper From ⁇ section are connected by a passage collectors.
  • the invention proceeds from the consideration that the overheating of individual steam generator tubes is due to a unzurei ⁇ sponding derivative of the incoming heat by flow medium. Inadequate heat removal occurs when the steam generator tube in question has too low a mass flow. With a pronounced natural circulation characteristic, with very low inlet steam content and very low heat input, the hydrostatic pressure drop in these tubes is already approximately as large or equal to the total pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the steam generator tube. The remaining pressure difference as a driving force of the flow is therefore very low or disappears completely, so that in the worst case the flow stagnates.
  • the through-flow collector effects a complete equalization of the pressure, it does not effect complete mixing of the incoming flow medium, which would lead to a compensation of water and vapor content in the steam generator tubes connected downstream of it. Due to the low vapor content of the lower-heated steam generator tubes of the lower section and additional local segregation phenomena in the collector, the steam content can thus still approach zero at certain individual operating conditions when entering individual tubes of the upper vertical bore. Thus, this phenomenon should be be avoided by a sufficient attenuation of NaturumlaufCharakte ⁇ rrick. This can be achieved by increasing the friction pressure loss in the respective steam generator tube. For this purpose, in each case a throttle device should be provided in the steam generator tubes downstream of the throughput collector.
  • the respective throttle device is arranged at the upper outlet of the surrounding wall.
  • the throttle device is simple
  • the surrounding wall of a steam generator in a vertical construction can have different horizontal cross sections. A particularly simple construction is possible if the
  • Cross section is substantially rectangular.
  • the steam generator tubes arranged in the corner regions are heated particularly weakly, since they are furthest away from the center of the hot gas duct and at the same time have a particularly small heat input surface.
  • the vapor content of individual corner tubes of the lower section of the vertical bore can approach zero, so that an unevenly distributed water-vapor mixture enters the intermediate header here. Since the interim 1er also does not cause sufficient mixing here, the mass flow in the downstream corner pipes can come to a standstill and the heat dissipation thus be insufficient.
  • teilhaft note the downstream of the flow collector steam generator tubes on a throttle device.
  • the passage collector may be continuous circumferentially arranged horizontally, that is, it connects all be below ⁇ relationship as above arranged steam generator tubes of the surrounding wall with each other. Despite the complete pressure equalization over all pipes, segregation of water and steam can still occur. Accordingly, such a forced-circulation steam generator also advantageously has a throttle device in each of the steam generator tubes connected downstream of the through-flow collector.
  • the tubing below the passage collector can be configured in a spiral shape.
  • the tubes run circumferentially around the entire enclosure wall. Although this causes a more complex construction and also a smaller number of steam generator tubes in the lower area, but this heating differences in various areas of the enclosure wall are largely compensated. Nevertheless, he was ⁇ known that even with such a construction in the through-collector to random local segregation can occur, which cause the above-described problems of too low a mass flow in the pipes downstream of the through-collector. Therefore, even with such a construction, advantageously the steam generator tubes connected downstream of the throughflow collector each have a throttle device.
  • the forced-circulation steam generator is followed by a steam turbine, for example for generating electricity, downstream of the flow medium.
  • a power plant advantageously has such a steam ⁇ generator.
  • insbesonde re the arrangement of a throttle device in the passage collector downstream steam generator tubes a forced flow steam generator sufficient heat dissipation in each tube is guaranteed and thus inadmissible high temperatures that can damage the pipe wall, be avoided.
  • This measure is based on the realization that even in a forced continuous steam generator a non-negligible natural circulation characteristic is present, which is weakened by the arrangement of throttles. Ultimately, this restriction in the operation of a power plant avoided.
  • FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the mass flow density and the fluid temperature at the outlet of a comparatively weakly heated corner tube of the once-through steam generator with and without throttle device.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a fossil-fired, vertically bored forced once-through steam generator 1 according to the invention.
  • the once-through steam generator 1 comprises an enclosing wall 4 formed from gas-tightly welded steam generator tubes 2.
  • the enclosing wall 4 has a substantially rectangular horizontal cross-section 6.
  • a combustion chamber 8 is arranged with a number of burners not shown in detail for the combustion of a fossil fuel, which provide the heat supply to the steam generator tubes 4.
  • the enclosure wall 4 is divided into an upper portion 10 and ei ⁇ NEN lower portion 12, wherein the portions 10 and 12 are connected to each other via a through-collector 14.
  • the tubing in the lower portion 12 is arranged vertically here, but may also be arranged spirally around the Um chargedswand circumferentially.
  • the passage collector 14 collects all of the flow medium exiting from the steam generator tubes 2 of the lower section 12 and thus enables a pressure equalization between the parallel connected
  • the heat generated by the burner is largely absorbed by heat radiation through the steam generator tubes 2.
  • the passage collector 14 now effects a complete pressure equalization, however, no complete mixing of the incoming flow medium. Due to the described low vapor content at the exit from the corner tubes 16 of the lower section 12 as well as additional local segregation phenomena in the passage header 14, the vapor content at the entrance to individual steam generator tubes 2 of the upper section 10 can become very small.
  • throttling devices 18 are arranged in the exemplary embodiment at the outlet of all the steam generator tubes of the upper region 10, with only individual throttle devices 18 being shown by way of example in order to simplify the illustration.
  • the throttle devices 18 are each designed as a diaphragm, whereby the total pressure loss is increased for all parallel tubes. This results in that the hydrostatic pressure drop in the jewei ⁇ then steam generator tubes 2, in particular in the corner tubes 16 is reduced in relative terms. Thus, a reaching out ⁇ pressure difference always remains available as a driving force of the flow. This effect is illustrated by FIG. 2:
  • FIG. 2 shows a graphical representation of the parameters of the flow medium in a corner pipe 16 of the upper portion 10 with and without throttle device 18 at comparatively low ger supply of heat and for a partial load operation of Dampferzeu ⁇ gers 1.
  • the left-hand scale shows the mass flow density in the corner ⁇ pipe 16 in kilograms per square meter and second (kg / m2s), in the right scale shows the fluid temperature at the outlet of the Corner tube 16 in degrees Celsius (° C), each plotted against the vapor content of the flow medium at the tube inlet.
  • Curve 20 shows the mass flow density in the corner tube 16 without a separate throttle device 18.
  • the drop of the curve 20 to the left of the graph clearly shows how toward lower Dampfanfeilen the mass flow density in the corner tube 16 decreases.
  • the mass flow density drops to a value of 40 kg / m2s, which practically equates to a stagnation of the flow in the pipe.
  • a sufficient heat dissipation in the pipe is no longer guaranteed and accordingly increases the temperature of the flow medium and thus of the corner tube 16 from a Dampfan ⁇ part of about 0.2 significantly, as curve 22 represents.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée (1) comprenant un mur de pourtour (4) formé de tubes générateurs de vapeur (2) soudés de manière étanche aux gaz et pouvant être traversés en direction verticale. Un collecteur de passage (14) est placé à l'intérieur du mur de pourtour (4) et relie, côté milieu en circulation, une première pluralité de tubes générateurs de vapeur (2) connectés en parallèle côté sortie à une seconde pluralité de tubes générateurs de vapeur (2) connectés en parallèle, connectée en série en aval de la première pluralité, côté entrée. L'objectif de l'invention est d'obtenir un générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée qui présente une durée de vie particulièrement grande et une tendance aux pannes particulièrement faible, indépendamment de l'état de fonctionnement. A cette fin, les tubes générateurs de vapeur (16) connectés en aval du collecteur de passage (14) présentent respectivement un dispositif d'étranglement (18).
EP11725739.4A 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée Active EP2601441B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010038883.1A DE102010038883C5 (de) 2010-08-04 2010-08-04 Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeuger
PCT/EP2011/059930 WO2012016749A2 (fr) 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2601441A2 true EP2601441A2 (fr) 2013-06-12
EP2601441B1 EP2601441B1 (fr) 2016-08-17

Family

ID=44627108

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11725739.4A Active EP2601441B1 (fr) 2010-08-04 2011-06-15 Générateur de vapeur à circulation forcée

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9291344B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2601441B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20140003372A (fr)
CN (1) CN103154611B (fr)
AU (1) AU2011287835B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010038883C5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012016749A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009012321A1 (de) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer
DE102013215456A1 (de) * 2013-08-06 2015-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufdampferzeuger
EP3040638B1 (fr) * 2015-07-23 2018-05-09 Hoval Aktiengesellschaft Tuyau de transfert de chaleur et chaudiere dotee d'un tel tuyau de transfert de chaleur

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EP1794495B1 (fr) 2004-09-23 2017-04-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Generateur de vapeur en continu chauffe a l'aide d'un combustible fossile
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2011287835A1 (en) 2013-02-21
AU2011287835B2 (en) 2014-03-20
DE102010038883C5 (de) 2021-05-20
EP2601441B1 (fr) 2016-08-17
DE102010038883B4 (de) 2017-05-24
WO2012016749A2 (fr) 2012-02-09
US20130205784A1 (en) 2013-08-15
CN103154611B (zh) 2016-03-16
US9291344B2 (en) 2016-03-22
DE102010038883A1 (de) 2012-02-09
WO2012016749A3 (fr) 2013-02-07
CN103154611A (zh) 2013-06-12
KR20140003372A (ko) 2014-01-09

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