EP2613206B1 - Spirale mit zwei Spiralfedern mit verbessertem Isochronismus - Google Patents

Spirale mit zwei Spiralfedern mit verbessertem Isochronismus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2613206B1
EP2613206B1 EP12194292.4A EP12194292A EP2613206B1 EP 2613206 B1 EP2613206 B1 EP 2613206B1 EP 12194292 A EP12194292 A EP 12194292A EP 2613206 B1 EP2613206 B1 EP 2613206B1
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Prior art keywords
hairspring
balance spring
balance
counterweights
plane
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French (fr)
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EP2613206A1 (de
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Jean-Luc Helfer
Kaspar Trümpy
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Montres Breguet SA
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Montres Breguet SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hairspring used to form a balance resonator-hairspring whose curvature allows development with a substantially immobile center of mass.
  • EP 2 184 652 , EP 2 196 867 and EP 2 105 807 explain how to manufacture curve-raising hairsprings in micro-machinable materials using three parts, two parts or in one piece respectively.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a hairspring respecting predetermined conditions capable of reducing the displacement of the center of mass of the hairspring in contraction and in expansion.
  • a hairspring can be manufactured respecting predetermined conditions in order to reduce the displacement of the center of mass of the hairspring in contraction and in expansion.
  • This small or negligible displacement advantageously makes it possible to reduce the antinode of the anisochronism curves to a value substantially equal to or less than 0.5 sj -1 .
  • the anisochronism slope of the hairspring can be personalized in order to compensate for that given by the delay in the escapement.
  • the invention relates to a resonator for a timepiece comprising a balance, characterized in that the resonator comprises a hairspring conforming to one of the preceding variants, cooperating with the balance.
  • Variations in the rate of a mechanical watch relative to its theoretical frequency are mainly due to the escapement and the balance resonator - hairspring.
  • rate variations There are two types of rate variations depending on whether they are generated by the amplitude of oscillation of the balance wheel or by the position of the watch movement. This is why, for anisochronism tests, a watch movement is tested in six positions, 2 horizontal (dial up and down) and 4 vertical (stem being turned 90° from a position the top). From the six distinct curves obtained, the maximum deviation between them, also called “belly”, is determined, expressing the maximum rate variation of the movement in seconds per day (sj -1 ).
  • the escapement induces a rate variation depending on the amplitude of the balance wheel, which is difficult to adjust. Consequently, the hairspring is generally adapted so that its variation as a function of the same amplitude is substantially opposite to that of the escapement. In addition, the hairspring is adapted so that its variation is minimal between the four vertical positions.
  • eight orders of moment of the hairspring are represented by points which allow, by a parametrization using a polynomial comprising at least as many coefficients as orders (in our case at least eight), to define a theoretical curvature "ideal".
  • a hairspring 1 comprising a first hairspring 3 whose curve extends in a first plane, a second hairspring 5 whose curve extends in a second plane parallel to the first plane .
  • Each end of hairspring 3, 5 is preferably secured by a clip 4 to form a double hairspring in series.
  • the curve of the first hairspring 3 and the curve of the second hairspring 5 preferably each have a continuously variable pitch and are symmetrical with respect to a straight line A parallel to the first and second planes passing by the center of the median plane P of projection of the attachment 4 and the center of the balance shaft.
  • the end 6 of the spiral spring 3 is connected to a ferrule 10 in one piece and the end 7 of the spiral spring 5, which is opposite to the attachment 4, is arranged to cooperate with a peak (not shown ).
  • the main faces 11, 12 of the attachment 4 are substantially parallel to the line of symmetry A.
  • each spiral spring 3, 5 comprises, preferably, at least two counterweights 8-9, 8'-9' which are symmetrical along the same line A as the curvatures in order to compensate for the imbalance formed by the mass of the attachment 4 and customize the anisochronism slope of hairspring 1.
  • the masses of the counterweights 8, 8' and 9, 9' are substantially equal and their sum is greater or less than that of attachment 4 depending on the difference distance between, on the one hand, the attachment 4 and the balance shaft, and, on the other hand, the counterweights 8, 8 ', 9, 9' and said balance shaft.
  • each counterweight 8, 8', 9, 9' is substantially H-shaped, the parallel arms of the H being substantially parallel to the local curvature of the spiral spring 3, 5 with which it is associated.
  • these H shapes provide a local extra thickness of each hairspring 3, 5 which locally increases their stiffness.
  • the stiffnesses and/or the masses provided locally by the counterweights 8, 8', 9, 9' and the attachment 4 are used to modify the anisochronism slope of the hairspring 1.
  • a simulation of the antinode and the anisochronism slope of the hairspring 1 according to the invention was carried out by varying the length of the attachment 4 or of the counterweights 8, 8', 9, 9' along the hairspring 1: Attachment 4 Counterweight 9, 9' Counterweight 8, 8' Slope Stomach [mm] [mm] [mm] [s/d/100°] [s/d] 0.22 0.1 0.1 -8.54 0.26 0.1 0.1 0.1 -7.51 0.35 0.22 0.04 0.22 -12.97 1.14 0.22 0.22 0.04 -7.88 0.54 0.22 0.44 0.22 -5.49 0.22 0.22 0.33 0.22 -5.05 0.29 0.22 0.33 0.25 -4.3 0.49
  • the length represents the length of the portion of balance spring 1 which is stiffened by attachment 4 or counterweight 8, 8', 9, 9'.
  • a balance wheel inertia amounting to 2.5 mg.cm 2 and a silicon hairspring 1 with a section of 0.033 mm ⁇ 0.1 mm and a length L of 45 mm were chosen.
  • the anisochronism slope tends to straighten while the belly remains advantageously less than 0.4 sj -1 .
  • the anisochronism slope tends to straighten while the antinode advantageously remains less than 0.3 sj -1 .
  • the anisochronism slope tends to straighten while the antinode advantageously remains less than 0.5 sj -1 .
  • Attachment 4 Counterweight 9, 9' Counterweight 8, 8' Slope Attachment 4 Stomach [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm 3 ] [s/d/100°] [s/d] 0.22 0.1 0.1 0.016 -8.54 0.26 0.22 0.1 0.1 0.008 -5.58 0.56 0.22 0.1 0.1 0.002 -4.58 0.53
  • the anisochronism slope of balance spring 1 can be personalized in order to compensate for that given by the delay in the escapement.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example illustrated but is susceptible to various variants and modifications which will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • other framing criteria can be provided, such as for example a limitation of the ratio between the inner radius and the outer radius so that the ends of the hairsprings are not too close to the point of origin where the the balance shaft.
  • the internal turn 7 of the second hairspring 5 preferably comprises a shift device 13 arranged to be attached to a stud (not shown) in the plane of the second hairspring 5.
  • the offset device 13 is particularly useful to prevent the particular shapes of the hairspring 1 from making it impossible to mount it because of the proximity of its free end 7 with respect to the balance staff.
  • the offset device 13 comprises a part 14 in extension of the internal turn 7 of the second hairspring 5.
  • the part 14 is more rigid than the second hairspring 5 so as not to provide elastic torque to the balance resonator - hairspring.
  • the part 14 is preferably made more rigid by a greater thickness, such as for example at least three times greater, relative to the thickness of the second hairspring 5, that is to say the width of its blade . It is therefore understood that the shape of the part 14 is partly adapted according to the curvature of the turns of the second hairspring 5 so that no contact takes place.
  • the part 14 be made in one piece with the second hairspring 5 and, preferably, that the latter has a height substantially equal to that of the part 14, that is that is to say that the latter is contained in the same plane.
  • the extension piece 14 is also preferably connected to the internal coil 7 of the second spiral spring 5 by means of a substantially U-shaped elbow 15 in order to further limit the supply of a any elastic couple. It will be understood that the extension piece 14 and the bend 15 make it possible to virtually bring the fixed point formed by the peak (not shown) closer to the end 7 of the hairspring 1.
  • part 14 includes a recess 16, blind or through, of substantially asymmetrical section and intended to cooperate with the peak (not shown).
  • part 14 can be partially perforated by holes 19 to reduce its mass and thus make its weight less penalizing when mounting balance spring 1.
  • the internal turn 6 of the first hairspring 3 comprises a device 17 for enlarging the ferrule 10 in the plane of the first hairspring 3.
  • the enlargement device 17 is particularly useful to prevent particular shapes of the hairspring 1 make it impossible to mount it because of the proximity of its free end 6 to the balance staff. It is therefore understood that without the enlargement device 17, the ferrule 10 would necessarily have a smaller diameter because of the proximity of the internal turn 6.
  • the enlargement device 17 comprises a bead 18 extending the inner turn 6 of the first hairspring 3, the bead 18 being more rigid than the first hairspring 3 so as not to provide elastic torque.
  • the bead 18 is preferably made more rigid by a thickness greater than the thickness of the first hairspring 3, that is to say the width of its blade.
  • the bead 18 be substantially U-shaped.
  • the bead 18 is preferentially integral with the first hairspring 3.
  • a hairspring can be manufactured respecting predetermined conditions in order to reduce the displacement of the center of mass of the hairspring in contraction and in expansion.
  • This small or negligible displacement advantageously makes it possible to reduce the antinode of the anisochronism curves to a value substantially equal to or less than 0.5 sj -1 .
  • the anisochronism slope of the hairspring can be personalized in order to compensate for that given by the delay in the escapement.
  • FIG. 9 defines an axis A of very robust symmetry which makes it possible to minimize the chronometric defects induced by disturbances in the direction orthogonal to the axis A. It is therefore understood that it is possible to maximize the manufacturing precision in the direction attachment - counterweight, i.e. the A axis, as the only critical direction instead of the usual two.
  • the present invention is not limited to the example illustrated but is susceptible to various variants and modifications which will become apparent to those skilled in the art.
  • the counterweights 8, 8', 9, 9' can be of different shape and/or geometry without departing from the scope of the invention. It is also possible to increase their number and/or distribute them differently, that is to say in particular that the counterweights 8, 8', 9, 9' are not necessarily symmetrical along the line A like the curvatures .
  • each hairspring 3, 5 to add two additional counterweights, that is to say to have four counterweights, in order to distribute them substantially at 90° one another.
  • the hairspring when the hairspring is made of silicon, it can be at least partially covered with silicon dioxide in order to make it less sensitive to temperature variations and to mechanical shocks. It is then understood that the variation in section of the counterweights 8, 8', 9, 9' also modifies the local thermal compensation of the hairspring.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Spirale (1), umfassend eine erste Spiralfeder (3), deren Kurve sich in einer ersten Ebene erstreckt und deren innere Windung (6) eine Spiralrolle (10) umfasst, eine zweite Spiralfeder (5), deren Kurve sich in einer zweiten Ebene parallel zu der ersten Ebene erstreckt, eine Befestigung (4), welche die äußere Windung der ersten Spiralfeder (3) mit der äußeren Windung der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) fest verbindet, um eine Doppelspirale (1) in Serie zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kurve der ersten Spiralfeder (3) und die Kurve der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) jeweils eine kontinuierlich variable Steigung umfassen und in Bezug auf eine Gerade (A), die parallel zu der ersten und zweiten Ebene und durch die Projektionsmittelebene (P) der Befestigung (4) verläuft, symmetrisch sind, wobei jede Kurve so ist, dass das Moment der Spirale n. Ordnung, das durch die folgende Gleichung definiert wird, im Wesentlichen null ist: P → n = n + 1 L n − 1 ∫ 0 L ds ⋅ s n ⋅ x → s
    Figure imgb0011
     wobei:
    - n eine ganze Zahl größer oder gleich null ist;
    - P (n) das Moment der Spirale n. Ordnung ist;
    - L die Länge der Spirale ist;
    - s n die Bogenlänge entlang der Spirale mit der Potenz n. Ordnung darstellt;
    - x (s) die Parametrierung der Spirale durch ihre Bogenlänge ist,
    um die Bewegungen ihres Massenmittelpunkts bei ihrer Zusammenziehung und Ausdehnung zu reduzieren, und dadurch, dass jede Spiralfeder (3, 5) weiter wenigstens zwei Gegengewichte (8, 8', 9, 9') umfasst, um das Ungleichgewicht auszugleichen, das von der Masse der Befestigung (4) gebildet wird, und die Anisochronismus-Steigung der Spirale (1) zu personalisieren, wobei die wenigstens zwei Gegengewichte (8, 8', 9, 9') symmetrisch gemäß der gleichen Geraden (A) wie die Krümmungen sind, wobei sich zwei Gegengewichte (8, 8') neben der Befestigung (4) befinden und sich zwei andere Gegengewichte (9, 9') auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Befestigung (4) befinden, um das Ungleichgewicht zu minimieren.
  2. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Gegengewicht (8, 8', 9, 9') im Wesentlichen H-förmig ist, wobei die parallelen Arme des H im Wesentlichen parallel zu der lokalen Krümmung der Spiralfeder (3, 5) verlaufen, zu der es gehört.
  3. Spirale (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hauptstirnflächen (11, 12) der Befestigung (4) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Symmetriegeraden (A) verlaufen.
  4. Spirale (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Windung (7) der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) eine Verschiebungsvorrichtung (13) umfasst, die angeordnet ist, um an einem Spiralklötzchen in der Ebene der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) befestigt zu werden.
  5. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verschiebungsvorrichtung (13) ein Stück in Verlängerung (14) der inneren Windung (7) der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) umfasst, wobei das Stück steifer ist als die zweite Spiralfeder, um kein elastisches Drehmoment bereitzustellen.
  6. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stück in Verlängerung (14) mit der inneren Windung mithilfe eines Winkelstücks (15) verbunden ist, das im Wesentlichen U-förmig ist.
  7. Spirale (1) nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stück in Verlängerung (14) einstückig mit der zweiten Spiralfeder (5) ausgebildet ist.
  8. Spirale (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stück in Verlängerung (14) durch eine Dicke steifer gemacht wird, die wenigstens drei Mal größer ist in Bezug auf jene der zweiten Spiralfeder.
  9. Spirale (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stück (14) teilweise durchbrochen sein kann, um seine Masse zu verringern.
  10. Spirale (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere Windung (6) der ersten Spiralfeder (3) eine Vergrößerungsvorrichtung (17) der Spiralrolle (10) in der Ebene der ersten Spiralfeder (3) umfasst.
  11. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vergrößerungsvorrichtung (17) einen Wulst (18) umfasst, der die innere Windung (6) der ersten Spiralfeder (3) verlängert, wobei der Wulst steifer ist als die erste Spiralfeder, um kein elastisches Drehmoment bereitzustellen.
  12. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wulst (18) im Wesentlichen U-förmig ist.
  13. Spirale (1) nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wulst (18) einstückig mit der ersten Spiralfeder (3) ausgebildet ist.
  14. Spirale (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus Silizium gebildet ist.
  15. Spirale (1) nach dem vorstehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie wenigstens einen mit Siliziumdioxid bedeckten Teil umfasst, um ihre Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Temperaturschwankungen und mechanischen Stößen zu beschränken.
  16. Resonator für ein Teil für die Uhrmacherei, umfassend eine Spirale (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche und eine Unruh, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruh mit der Spirale (1) zusammenwirkt.
EP12194292.4A 2012-01-05 2012-11-26 Spirale mit zwei Spiralfedern mit verbessertem Isochronismus Active EP2613206B1 (de)

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TW (1) TWI569115B (de)

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EP2687917B1 (de) * 2012-07-17 2025-05-28 Master Dynamic Limited Spiralfeder für Uhr und Spiralfederausgestaltung für Konzentrizität
HK1186057A2 (en) * 2013-01-14 2014-03-07 Master Dynamic Limited Stress-relief elastic structure of hairspring collet
EP2884347A1 (de) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Spiralfeder mit Vorrichtung zum Verhindern der gegenseitigen Annäherung der Federwindungen
EP2916177B1 (de) * 2014-03-05 2018-11-07 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spirale, die mit einer Federscheibe gesichert werden muss
EP3081996B1 (de) * 2015-04-16 2019-02-27 Montres Breguet S.A. Spirale aus mikrobearbeitbarem material mit isochronismus-korrektur
EP3282325B1 (de) * 2015-06-15 2020-07-29 Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. Geschwindigkeitsregler einer uhr
EP3159748B1 (de) * 2015-10-22 2018-12-12 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Spiralfeder mit reduziertem platzbedarf und variablem durchmesser
CH711962B1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2017-10-31 Csem Centre Suisse D'electronique Et De Microtechnique Sa – Rech Et Développement Procédé de fabrication d'un spiral d'une raideur prédéterminée avec retrait localisé de matière.
EP3181938B1 (de) * 2015-12-18 2019-02-20 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Herstellungsverfahren einer spiralfeder mit einer vorbestimmten steifigkeit durch wegnahme von material
JP6991154B2 (ja) * 2016-03-23 2022-01-12 パテック フィリップ ソシエテ アノニム ジュネーブ 時計用のテンプ－ヒゲゼンマイ振動子
JP2017194286A (ja) * 2016-04-18 2017-10-26 セイコーエプソン株式会社 ヒゲゼンマイ、時計ムーブメントおよび時計
JP6789140B2 (ja) * 2017-01-31 2020-11-25 セイコーインスツル株式会社 温度補償型てんぷ、ムーブメント及び時計
EP3534222B1 (de) * 2018-03-01 2025-11-05 Rolex Sa Herstellungsverfahren eines thermokompensierten oszillators
EP3627238A1 (de) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-25 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Elastisches halterungsorgan für die befestigung einer uhrenkomponente auf einem halteelement
CN118151513B (zh) * 2024-03-27 2024-11-05 深圳市宇珀黄金钟表科技有限公司 机械表的摆轮和游丝稳定性检测方法、装置和计算机设备

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JP5563674B2 (ja) 2014-07-30
CN103197526B (zh) 2015-10-21
TWI569115B (zh) 2017-02-01
HK1187118A1 (zh) 2014-03-28
EP2613206A1 (de) 2013-07-10
US9004748B2 (en) 2015-04-14
CN103197526A (zh) 2013-07-10
JP2013140161A (ja) 2013-07-18
US20130176834A1 (en) 2013-07-11
TW201341988A (zh) 2013-10-16

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