EP2614574A1 - Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable - Google Patents

Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable

Info

Publication number
EP2614574A1
EP2614574A1 EP11755142.4A EP11755142A EP2614574A1 EP 2614574 A1 EP2614574 A1 EP 2614574A1 EP 11755142 A EP11755142 A EP 11755142A EP 2614574 A1 EP2614574 A1 EP 2614574A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
value
reference value
time period
rechargeable battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11755142.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Krause
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brusa Elektronik AG
Original Assignee
Brusa Elektronik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Brusa Elektronik AG filed Critical Brusa Elektronik AG
Priority to EP11755142.4A priority Critical patent/EP2614574A1/fr
Publication of EP2614574A1 publication Critical patent/EP2614574A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/165—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values
    • G01R19/16533—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application
    • G01R19/16538—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies
    • G01R19/16542—Indicating that current or voltage is either above or below a predetermined value or within or outside a predetermined range of values characterised by the application in AC or DC supplies for batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R35/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus covered by the other groups of this subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/50—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/52—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially for charge balancing, e.g. equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/80—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries including monitoring or indicating arrangements
    • H02J7/82—Control of state of charge [SOC]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the respective entireties of European application no. EP10175670, of U.S. provisional application no. 61/380,689, of U.S. provisional application no. 61/332,725, of European application no. EP10162353, as well as of parent PCT International application no. PCT/IB2011/051929 are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entireties, for all intents and purposes, as if identically set forth herein.
  • the invention relates to a method for monitoring a rechargeable battery with multiple cells, in which in a normal mode a measurement value of a parameter of a cell is determined using a reference value that is provided per cell.
  • the invention additionally relates to a cell monitoring unit for monitoring a cell of a rechargeable battery, comprising a reference source for specifying a reference value and a measurement device for measuring a deviation of a parameter of a cell from the reference value.
  • Rechargeable batteries form the energy supply of the overwhelming majority of electrically operated mobile devices.
  • a required current and/or required capacity for the most part multiple galvanic cells are assembled to form a rechargeable battery.
  • a cell monitoring unit is frequently assigned to each cell of a rechargeable battery, controls the charge state, the charging and the discharging of a cell. In some cases this cell monitoring unit frequently determines the cell voltage and/or the cell temperature. Most frequently, a cell monitoring unit communicates with a central monitoring unit assigned to the entire battery, which collects the data from all cell monitoring units and controls these accordingly. The central monitoring unit usually also communicates with a central vehicle control unit, which for example informs the driver for which routes the battery still has enough charge. Naturally, parameters other than the cell voltage and the cell temperature can be determined or regulated.
  • reference sources for example reference voltage sources, reference temperature sources or reference sources representing a temperature are provided, for example such a reference source can be provided in a central monitoring unit and/or in a cell monitoring unit.
  • EP 0 814 556 A2 shows a method for balancing charges of a plurality of batteries coupled in series.
  • the method includes determining actual or estimated rates of self-discharge of the batteries and individually shunting across one or more of the batteries to cause shunt currents which at least partially compensate for differences in the rates of self-discharge between batteries.
  • a voltage regulator is provided for each cell.
  • US 2006/0028179 Al discloses an abnormal voltage detector apparatus for an assembled battery including a plurality of battery blocks connected in series to each other.
  • a detecting part detects whether or not each of the battery blocks is in a voltage abnormality state by comparing either one of a voltage of each battery block and each battery measuring voltage, that is a voltage lowered from the voltage of each battery block, with a predetermined reference voltage. For generation of the reference voltage, a number of Zener-diodes is provided.
  • a cell monitoring unit can have two reference sources which are compared with each other at regular intervals. If an excessive deviation of the two reference sources is found, which should nominally deliver the same value for the reference parameter, then an error signal is triggered. Achieving this requires a relatively high circuit complexity in the cell monitoring units.
  • a reference source can also be provided only in the central monitoring unit. This does indeed reduce the circuit complexity in the cell monitoring units, however in doing so drastically increases the data traffic between the cell monitoring units and the central monitoring unit, since for every measurement the central reference source must be polled.
  • the central monitoring units there are often long cable leads present, which means that relatively large measurement errors result, due to the resistive losses in the cable leads and due to induced voltages as a result of external electromagnetic fields, such as occur e.g. near to electric motors for electrically powered vehicles.
  • the object of the invention therefore is to provide an improved method and an improved cell monitoring unit for monitoring a rechargeable battery.
  • an aim is to simplify the balancing of reference sources, but without increasing the data traffic between the cell monitoring units and a central monitoring unit and without having to incur measurement errors due to long cables between the units being addressed.
  • this object is achieved by a method of the type initially described, in which the reference values of adjacent cells used for determining measurements of the said parameter and provided for each cell are compared with each other on a periodically recurring basis, and an error signal is issued when the comparison result exceeds a predefinable limit value.
  • the object of the invention is furthermore achieved by a cell monitoring unit of the type initially described, comprising means for periodically recurring comparison of the said reference value with a reference value of an adjacent cell monitoring unit and - means for issuing an error signal, when the comparison result exceeds a predefinable limit value.
  • Adjacent in the context of the invention does not necessarily mean physically adjacent, but “electrically” adjacent.
  • two cells electrically connected together are “electrically” adjacent, but need not be arranged in direct physical proximity, albeit this is advantageous due to the error susceptibility of long leads.
  • the deviation of the measurement from the reference value of the measured cell is integrated over a first time period and starting at a first starting value - the reference value of the measured cell is integrated over a second time period until the first starting value is reached again, wherein the difference between the measured value and a reference value of an adjacent cell is taken as a first starting value.
  • the cell monitoring unit according to the invention can be configured particularly simply, since the said difference can be formed easily with analogue components, in particular with an operational amplifier.
  • the first time period is dimensioned such that the starting value of the integration is always non-zero. This means it can be guaranteed that the measurement result is not corrupted as a result of assuming that the integration is taking place during the first time period, although the integration (unnoticed) has stopped at the value zero.
  • analogue integrators their saturation values should normally be taken into account, correspondingly with digital integrators an overflow of the digital values.
  • the value zero is provided as a second starting value. In this way the integrator can simply be reset for preparing the test mode, or the integration is performed over a sufficiently long time period, so that the value zero is certain to be reached.
  • the deviation of the measurement from the reference value of the measured cell is integrated over a first time period and starting at a first initial value the reference value of the measured cell is integrated over a second time period until the first starting value has again been reached, wherein as a first starting value the difference between the measurement and a reference value of an adjacent cell is taken and the first time period is dimensioned such that the starting point of the integration is always non-zero, and if in the test mode the reference value of the measured cell is integrated over a second time period starting from a known second starting value, until the first starting value has again been reached, wherein the value zero is provided as a second starting value, and the second starting value is obtained by prior integration with the deviation of the measurement from the reference value
  • a reference temperature source or a reference source representing this temperature
  • the temperature of a cell of a rechargeable battery can be simply and accurately measured in this way.
  • a reference source representing the temperature can be designed as a temperature-sensitive resistor, for example.
  • the reference values provided per cell are compared with a central reference value provided in a central monitoring unit in a periodically recurring manner. In this way, the certainty that the reference sources in the cell monitoring units are delivering a correct value can be increased, or all reference sources in the cell monitoring units can be balanced from time to time in such a manner that they deliver the same value as the central reference source in the central monitoring unit.
  • the variants to the method according to the invention cited and the advantages resulting therefrom apply in equal measure to the cell monitoring unit according to the invention and vice versa.
  • the method according to the invention or the cell monitoring unit according to the invention can be implemented in software and/or in hardware.
  • the invention is implemented in software, then a program which runs in a microprocessor or micro-controller executes the steps according to the invention.
  • the invention can also be implemented purely in hardware, for example with an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit).
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • the latter can also include a processor however.
  • one part of the invention can be implemented in software, and another part in hardware.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically an overview drawing of a rechargeable battery with a cell monitoring unit and a central monitoring unit;
  • Fig. 2 shows a detail view of a cell monitoring unit
  • Fig. 3 shows a detail view of a central monitoring unit
  • Fig. 4 shows an example circuit for monitoring a reference source
  • Fig. 5 shows the time curves of various signals arising in the circuit according to Fig. 4.
  • FIG. 1 shows a battery 1 , comprising multiple cells 2a..2n with similarly constructed cell units 3a..3n connected thereto and a central monitoring unit 4.
  • the cell monitoring units 3a..3n are connected via signal leads L1..L4 to the central monitoring unit 4.
  • the central monitoring unit 4 is finally connected via a data bus B to further control units, not shown.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cell monitoring unit 3 from Fig. 1 , which is connected to a cell 2, in detail.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3 comprises an input-side opto-coupler 5 and an output-side opto-coupler 6. These are indeed advantageous but by no means essential, since the connection of the cell monitoring unit 3 to the signal leads L1..L4 can also be effected in a different way, for example via isolating transformers.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3 further comprises a measurement converter 7 and a reference source 8.
  • the measurement converter 7 is connected to the input-side opto-coupler 5, the output-side opto-coupler 6 and the reference source 8.
  • a current source 9 is also arranged on the input-side.
  • FIG. 3 now shows the central monitoring unit 4 from Fig. 1 in detail.
  • This comprises a microcontroller 10, multiple comparators 11 ..14, three voltage sources 15..17, two resistors 18, 19, a switch 20 and diodes 21.
  • a reference pulse sequence with a defined pulse length (e.g. 0.5ms) and defined frequency (e.g. 1 kHz) is sent from the central monitoring unit 4 to all cell monitoring units 3a..3n.
  • the switch 20 of the microcontroller 10 is periodically driven in a corresponding way.
  • the switch 20 is closed the electrical circuit between the voltage source 17, the current sources 9, the opto-couplers 5 and the ground connection is closed.
  • the signal applied to the switch 20 is sent to the cell monitoring units 3a..3n and is used there as a reference pulse for the measurement converter 7.
  • each cell monitoring unit 3a..3n uses the reference source 8 and the reference pulse, each cell monitoring unit 3a..3n generates a measurement pulse synchronous with the reference pulse, the duration of which is linearly related to the measurement.
  • the cell voltage is provided as a measurement parameter and correspondingly, a reference voltage source as a reference source 8.
  • the cell temperature for example could be provided as a measurement value, and a reference temperature source as a reference source 8.
  • a temperature from a temperature sensor is converted into a resistance value or a voltage.
  • the reference source 8 can then accordingly be provided by a reference resistance or, in turn a reference voltage source or a reference current source.
  • a pulse- width modulated signal (PWM signal) is generated from a voltage signal. For example, a rising/falling edge of a periodic signal with constant frequency is shifted by 0.25ms for each Volt by which the measurement deviates from a reference value of 2V. The quantity taken as the measurement therefore is the deviation of a cell parameter from a reference value provided for each cell. This measurement pulse occurs primarily in the gap between two reference pulses.
  • the output-side opto-coupler 6 the first lead L1 is then connected to the third lead L3 or the first lead L1 to the fourth lead L4. Due to the current source 9 across the resistors 18 and 19 a voltage signal is generated in the central monitoring unit 4.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3 may in essence be assembled from a single component, for example from a micro-controller, in which the individual functional blocks are formed by circuit parts of the micro-controller and/or appropriate software routines.
  • An implementation in the form of an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) is also possible.
  • Fig. 4 shows a special embodiment of a cell monitoring unit 3a, which is suitable for embodying the method according to the invention.
  • a cell monitoring unit 3a and in sections, a cell monitoring unit 3b (here not as in Fig. 1 below but above) are shown.
  • Fig. 4 shows units which are provided for balancing a reference value, here a reference voltage.
  • the units shown in the previous Figures in a cell monitoring unit 3a..3n can of course be additionally present in a real embodiment of a cell monitoring unit 3a..3n.
  • a cell monitoring unit 3 can contain all the units shown in Figure 2.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a comprises an input-side opto-coupler 5a, an output- side opto-coupler 6a, a reference source 8a (in the present case designed as a reference voltage source) and a current source 9a.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a comprises an operational amplifier 30a, to the positive input of which the reference voltage source 8a is connected, and which with the resistor 31 a and the capacitor 32a forms an integrator.
  • a resistor 33a is connected which is provided for connecting to another cell monitoring unit.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a comprises an operational amplifier 34a, the positive input of which is connected to the plus pole of the cell 2a, and which together with the resistors 35a and 33b forms a summing amplifier.
  • the outputs of the operational amplifier 30a and 34a are connected to a comparator 36a.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a also comprises a switch 37a, with which the input of the integrator can be switched to the minus pole of the cell 2a, and a switch 38a, with which the input of the integrator can be switched to the plus pole of the cell 2a.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a comprises a NOR-gate 39a, to the inputs of which the output of the input-side opto-coupler 5a and the output of the comparator 36a are fed. The output of the NOR-gate 39a is fed to the control input of the switch 37a and via a resistor 40a to the input of the output-side opto-coupler 6a.
  • Fig. 5 shows the temporal waveforms of the input signal S37a of the switch 37a, the input signal S38a of the switch 38a, and the output voltage of the integrator Ula.
  • a normal mode MN the voltage UCa-URa is negatively integrated during the reference time T1 M N by means of the integrator (operational amplifier 30a) (see also Fig. 5).
  • the switch 38a is closed, the switch 37a open.
  • the output-side opto-coupler 6a is switched over and the reference voltage URa is positively integrated over the period T2 M N (see Fig. 5 also), until the comparator threshold UCa-URb is reached. During this period the switch 38a is open, the switch 37a closed. The integration is then stopped and the starting signal Ula again becomes inactive. Thus the comparator threshold is again the start value for the next integration.
  • the reference voltage URb does not enter into the starting pulse length T2 M N- Also, this does not depend on the value of the resistor 31 or the capacity of the capacitor 32.
  • the voltage UCa-URa is in turn negatively integrated by means of the integrator during the reference time ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ - During this process the switch 38a is again closed, the switch 37a open. This time ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ is chosen such that the output of the operational amplifier 30a is also certain to reach zero at a minimal cell voltage and to remain there. After the reference time ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ has elapsed the output-side opto-coupler 6a is switched over and the reference voltage URa is positively integrated over the period ⁇ 2 ⁇ ⁇ , until the comparator threshold UCa-URb is reached again. During this period the switch 38a is open, the switch 37a closed. The integration is then stopped and the starting signal Ula again becomes inactive. The following applies:
  • Tl ⁇ ⁇ URa ⁇ as long as UCa has not, or not substantially, changed. This can be assumed however, as the temporal distances between the measurements are short and a rechargeable battery cell can be neither substantially charged up or discharged in this short time. In order to increase the accuracy of the method, it can also be provided that the measurements are carried out at times of relatively low current consumption or current supply, for example when the vehicle is at a standstill, if the rechargeable battery is not charged.
  • the cell monitoring unit 3a shown in Fig. 4 is very well suited to embodying the method according to the invention, however other implementations of it are also conceivable.
  • the method according to the invention may be embodied with a microprocessor or a micro-controller, which in particular performs the integrations digitally. Instead of the straight-line waveforms in Fig. 5, step-wise waveforms would then be obtained.
  • the microprocessor or micro-controller works in combination with analogue integrators and comparators, which are formed for example using operational amplifiers.
  • An output signal of a comparator can in this case be provided directly as a digital input signal for the microprocessor or micro-controller, an output signal of an integrator must previously be digitised by an Analogue-Digital-Converter, either integrated in the micro-controller or external.
  • an Analogue-Digital-Converter either integrated in the micro-controller or external.
  • T1 MN T1 M T First time period in normal mode/test mode

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de surveillance d'une batterie rechargeable (1) comportant de multiples éléments (2, 2a..2n), ainsi qu'une unité de surveillance d'éléments (3, 3a,..3n) qui lui est destinée, consistant, dans un mode de fonctionnement normal (MN), à effectuer une mesure (UCa, UCb) d'un paramètre d'un élément (2, 2a..2n) en utilisant une valeur de référence (URa, URb) fournie pour chaque élément (2, 2a..2n). De plus, dans un mode de test (MT), les valeurs de référence (URa, URb) de cellules adjacentes (URb) utilisées pour effectuer les mesures (UCa, UCb) du paramètre en question et fournies pour chaque cellule (2, 2a..2n) sont comparées les unes aux autres de manière périodique et répétée. Un signal d'erreur est émis si le résultat de la comparaison dépasse une valeur limite pouvant être prédéfinie.
EP11755142.4A 2010-09-07 2011-08-19 Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable Withdrawn EP2614574A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11755142.4A EP2614574A1 (fr) 2010-09-07 2011-08-19 Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38068910P 2010-09-07 2010-09-07
EP10175670 2010-09-07
PCT/IB2011/053656 WO2012032428A1 (fr) 2010-09-07 2011-08-19 Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable
EP11755142.4A EP2614574A1 (fr) 2010-09-07 2011-08-19 Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2614574A1 true EP2614574A1 (fr) 2013-07-17

Family

ID=43567505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11755142.4A Withdrawn EP2614574A1 (fr) 2010-09-07 2011-08-19 Procédé et unité de surveillance d'éléments destinés à surveiller une batterie rechargeable

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2614574A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012032428A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103094967B (zh) * 2013-02-04 2016-05-11 广州市晨威电子科技有限公司 一种带节能充电电路的二次电池检测装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5764027A (en) 1996-06-21 1998-06-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for battery charge balancing
US7521896B2 (en) 2004-07-20 2009-04-21 Panasonic Ev Energy Co., Ltd. Abnormal voltage detector apparatus for detecting voltage abnormality in assembled battery
JP4770894B2 (ja) * 2008-09-03 2011-09-14 日本テキサス・インスツルメンツ株式会社 電圧検出装置
JP5221468B2 (ja) * 2009-02-27 2013-06-26 株式会社日立製作所 電池監視装置
EP2385604A1 (fr) * 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 Brusa Elektronik AG Procédé et unité de surveillance de cellules pour la surveillance d'un accumulateur, unité de surveillance centrale et accumulateur

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2012032428A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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