EP2622701A2 - Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques - Google Patents

Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques

Info

Publication number
EP2622701A2
EP2622701A2 EP11761285.3A EP11761285A EP2622701A2 EP 2622701 A2 EP2622701 A2 EP 2622701A2 EP 11761285 A EP11761285 A EP 11761285A EP 2622701 A2 EP2622701 A2 EP 2622701A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
profile
vnm
consumers
lsn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP11761285.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Dominic Lendi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Landis and Gyr AG
Original Assignee
Landis and Gyr AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Landis and Gyr AG filed Critical Landis and Gyr AG
Priority to EP11761285.3A priority Critical patent/EP2622701A2/fr
Publication of EP2622701A2 publication Critical patent/EP2622701A2/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/007—Arrangements for selectively connecting one or more loads to one or more power sources or power lines
    • H02J3/0075—Arrangements for selectively connecting one or more loads to one or more power sources or power lines for providing alternative feeding paths between load and source according to economic or energy efficiency considerations, e.g. economic dispatch
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/17—Demand-responsive operation of AC power transmission or distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/50—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2105/52—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads for limitation of the power consumption in the networks or in one section of the networks, e.g. load shedding or peak shaving
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2105/50—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2105/57—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads according to a pre-established time schedule
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of power engineering; It relates to a load management system for electrical consumers according to the preamble of claim 1 and a load management method for electrical consumers according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Power grids are well known; They supply a large variety of electrical consumers with energy.
  • power plants with generators provide large amounts of electrical energy.
  • This electrical energy is transported by means of high voltage power lines to consumption areas.
  • the high voltage lines are connected together at substations, from where the high voltage is transformed down to medium voltage level and low voltage level.
  • Electrical consumers are typically supplied at the medium voltage and low voltage levels, with industrial consumers connected directly at the medium voltage level and end consumers, such as homes, shops and office complexes, being supplied via a distribution substation substation.
  • a single distribution transformer thus serves a very large number of electrical consumers with energy.
  • load management system in US 6624532 Bl, load management system is described that includes a load management control center, at least one power management shutdown system, a plurality of power line nodes and also a plurality of load management devices, each load management Device is assigned a respective load to be controlled.
  • the load management control center communicates with the load management devices via the energy management shutdown system and the power line nodes to shut off the respective loads associated with the load management devices.
  • the load management operating company addresses a subset of the plurality of uniquely identifiable load management devices in order to switch loads off or on.
  • the communication system used in US 6624532 Bl belongs to the carrier frequency systems, namely the known power-line carrier system is used here, in short, PLC system;
  • the bidirectional, high transmission speed and the comparatively low transmission reliability, for example with respect to ripple control, are opposite each other.
  • the conventional ripple control and the carrier frequency technology are known for their essentially "fixed" load management predefined times switched on or off by means of stored in the receivers time lines.
  • a certain amount of “dynamic” load management is also possible, but here it has a restrictive effect that device-specific release times or blocking periods for controllable electrical consumers in the power supply networks are not sufficiently individualized, for example by means of a receiver a consumer group of a road train, For example, all hot water boilers can be switched off for load balancing in the event of load peaks, which can then be reconnected during the course of a day when a load valley in the load profile of a utility company occurs the load management system of the above-discussed US 6624532 Bl relatively low, which limits the applications of this "dynamic" load management.
  • the object underlying the invention for the load management system is achieved by the entirety of the features of claim 1. Further embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims 2 to 6.
  • the inventive load management system for the control and load control of electrical consumers which are supplied by a power company (EVU) via a power grid, includes a load manager, which is connected via a control system unit with a number of load switching devices and downstream consumers.
  • the load manager has both a first time-line unit for switching all consumers and a first profile unit for the assignment of all consumers to profile groups, each downstream load switching device having a respective second time-line unit and a second profile unit, the latter at least a subset of the profile groups and the Profile subgroups of the load manager comprises and wherein at least that subset of all time lines of the load manager is present in the respective load switching device belonging to the corresponding subset of the profile groups.
  • each profile group all consumers of the same type of consumer are summarized, the consumers of the same type of consumers within each profile group in a number of profile subgroups are divisible and for the profile subgroups each correspondingly assigned time lines of each load switching device can be activated or deactivated.
  • Time lines programmable command lines with and without time allocation
  • time lines are understood to mean all command lines that are required for switching consumers, such as time lines with daytime assignment and / or
  • auxiliary command lines have no time allocation and only via direct commands to enable or disable consumers; Consumer. have device-specific and customer-specific release times or blocking periods, which means that consumers by means of a remote control system (control system unit) accordingly
  • Consumer types Consumers are classifiable according to their type of consumption
  • Heat pump heating heat pump heating
  • refrigeration air conditioners, air conditioners
  • household water heaters, water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, industrial (industrial furnaces, industrial refrigeration), agriculture (pumping equipment,
  • Profile groups Consumers are divided into profile groups, with one
  • Number of specific time lines are assigned to such profile groups, for example in the profile group heating or the profile group boiler;
  • Profile subgroups serve to allow consumers within profile groups according to their switching options or switching conditions
  • Control system unit comprises a remote control system which emits, for example, wired or by radio ripple control signals or carrier frequency signals for switching consumers;
  • Direct command is used by the load management system for direct switching of
  • the new load management system is characterized by being particularly fast; Quasi at any time, switchable or controllable consumers can be switched off or switched on by higher-level load switching devices. For this purpose, only a quick one-way communication towards the consumer is necessary because the current switching states (switched on or off) the load manager is known without any previous query of consumption values. Consequently, when peak loads occur the Possibility to be able to act almost directly on switchable consumers to counteract unwanted peak loads with a view to the most secure and moreover economic operation of the power grids and the energy supplier.
  • the new load management system is characterized by a high level of individualization, since all switchable consumers can be divided into profile subgroups with corresponding time lines for switching on and off, wherein this profile subgroup assignment can be changed in a simple and fast manner by means of the control system unit.
  • this profile subgroup assignment can be changed in a simple and fast manner by means of the control system unit.
  • the load management system presented here uses ripple control technology and / or carrier frequency technology as a control system, ie technologies that are already widely used today and are upgraded with advanced, previously unknown functions using the new load management system.
  • the object underlying the invention for the load management method is achieved by the entirety of the features of claim 7. Further embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims 8 to 1 2.
  • the inventive load management method is characterized in that a load manager in response to a first time-line unit and a first profile unit sends a direct command to load switching devices and thus to the corresponding consumers for the purpose of switching on or off. This can be acted upon quickly summarized in 5 profile subsets consumers of the same type of consumption, and in comparison with the prior art small installation costs.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the new load management system
  • FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the load management system according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the load management system based on
  • Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a new load management system for the
  • Power supply companies are supplied via a power supply network, wherein a load manager LM via a control system unit SE with a number of load switching devices LSI, LS2, ..., LSn and downstream consumers VI 1, VI 2, ..., V21, V22, .. ., Vnm is connected.
  • the load manager LM comprises a first time-line unit ZEa with time lines ZZa for switching all consumers VI 1, VI 2,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm;
  • the load manager LM includes a first profile unit PEa for an assignment of all consumers VI 1, VI 2, ..., V21, V22, ..., Vnm to profile groups PCa, wherein the load manager LM all applicable in the power grid Time lines ZZa and all conceivable profile groups PCa has.
  • the load manager LM is able to create new time lines ZZa as well as new profile groups PGa under changing consumer conditions. Such changes in consumer conditions may be due, for example, to novel loads in the power grid or changing possibilities of switchability of consumers; Thus, it is conceivable that certain consumers who were previously not available for load management, can also be newly switchable or vice versa.
  • the load manager LM has a complete number of profile subgroups PU 1, PU 2,... PUn, wherein in these profile subgroups PU 1, PU 2,..., PUn, respectively, consumers VI 1, VI 2 , ..., V21, V22, .. "Vnm of the same consumption type VI, V2, ..., Vn are summarized.
  • consumer types are mentioned at this point: consumers in the area of heating (full storage heaters, storage heaters with daytime recharge, partial storage heaters with direct heating proportion, heat pump heaters), refrigeration (air conditioning units, air conditioners), household (hot water boiler, instantaneous water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines, tumble dryers, industry (Industrial furnaces, industrial cooling plants), agriculture (pumping plants, Schöpfö, irrigation systems, Futterdämpfer), in the sense of the invention, this list is in no way conclusive to consider.
  • Each load switching device LSI, LS2,..., LSn comprises a second time line unit ZEb and a second profile unit PEb with at least one subset PGb of the profile groups PGa and the subgroups PUa of the load manager LM, wherein at least that subset ZZb of all time lines ZZa of the load manager LM in the respective load switching device LSI, LS2, ..., LSn, which time lines ZZb belong to the corresponding subset PGb of the profile groups PGa of the load manager LM.
  • a respective load switching device LSI, LS2, ..., LSn can be activated or deactivated, whereby the consumers VH,
  • VI 2 V21, V22 Vnm each according to their switching conditions, for a respective
  • Profile subgroup PU 1, PU2, ..., PUn applies can be switched on or off.
  • consumers VI 1, VI 2,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm can be switched on and off by means of a direct command DK via the control system unit SE and the respective load switching devices LSI, LS2,. Completely free of any current consumption request from consumers
  • the load manager LM also follows the overall framework conditions of the utilities and the Utilization of the power grid by, for example, a connection to the power supply control system. Since, in the context of known switching states of all consumers VI I, VI 2,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm are direct switching operations, The load management system can react efficiently and within seconds to impending load peaks or occurring load valleys in order to "flatten" the utilities' load profile of the utilities in the best possible way, ie to break load peaks and to fill up load valleys.
  • the load manager LM is able, via the control system unit (SE) at least the subset ZZb all time lines ZZa, the subset PCb all profile groups PCa and the profile subgroups PU 1, PU2, ... PUn to the respective second time-line units ZEb or to transmit the respective second profile units PEb of the corresponding load switching devices LSI, LS2, ..., LSn.
  • SE control system unit
  • control system unit SE is formed as a ripple control system unit and / or as a carrier frequency system unit and the load switching devices LSI, LS2, ..., LSn as ripple control receiver or carrier frequency receiver;
  • the control system unit SE can furthermore communicate by wire with the load switching devices LSI, LS2,..., LSn and / or by radio link.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment with reference to the consumers "Boiler 4h static", VI 1, and “Boiler 4h dynamic", VI 2; Both consumers VI, VI 2 belong to the profile group PCI, but are assigned to different profile subgroups PU 1 or PU 2, namely "boiler 4h fix” or “boiler 4h load regulator”.
  • This profile group PG1 includes two time lines (auxiliary command lines) ZZa (or ZZb as a subset of ZZa) with which these consumers Vl l, VI 2 via the load manager LM, the control system unit SE and the load switching devices LSI or LS2 on or can be switched off.
  • the time lines (auxiliary command lines) ZZa (or ZZb as subset of ZZa) are formed as auxiliary command lines - connected to direct commands 1 2 and 18-.
  • the "boiler 4h static" can be switched on or off at predefined times by means of the direct command "1 2" by the load manager LM.
  • the switching times are previously determined in the load manager LM and do not change; Switching on or off the consumer VI 1, "Boiler 4h static” thus takes place independently of the load profile of the power supply, so that consumer VI 1 does not contribute to dynamic load management, but only to static load management.
  • Consumer VI 2 "Boiler 4h dynamic" belongs to profile subgroup PU2 "Boiler 4h load controller” and to the higher-level profile group PG1 "Boiler 4h.” Consumer 1 2 is thus accessible to the flexible load control via the load manager LM Power supply, the consumer VI 2 is switched on or off, that is, when peak loads occur, the load manager LM consumer 1 2 off and on occurring load valleys again until within a day the four hours (4h) charging time or heating time reached Again, it is again true that with the load switching device LS2 not only the one consumer VI 2 can be operated, but all consumers 1 2 "boiler 4h dynamic".
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment based on the consumer type V2 "street lighting” with the consumers V21 “lighting main seats” and V22 “lighting quarters.”
  • the profile group PC2 has "real" time lines, "on, 18:00, mo-sun “,” Off, 06:00, Mon-Sun, "On, 04:00, Mon-Sun” and “Off, 24:00, Mon-Sun", with the first two time lines belonging to the sub-group PU3 and the last two to the profile subgroup PU4, thus within the profile group PG2 "light” different - self-sufficient and thus fixed - lighting switching times are possible.
  • the profile group PC2 is also assigned a direct command "33", via which the load manager LM can transmit direct switching commands to the load switching devices LSI and LS2 and the lighting can regulate the time lines superordinately, specifically as a function of the load profile of the energy supply.
  • each load switching device LSI, LS2 only one consumer is assigned;
  • each individual load switching device a plurality of switchable loads can be assigned in different profile subgroups, which is not limited to each load switching device to a single -here not shown here switching element.
  • only embodiments of the invention for the consumer groups “boiler” and “light” are shown by way of example in FIGS. 2 and 3; For the purposes of the invention, however, all conceivable consumers accessible to static and / or dynamic load management can be integrated into the new load management system or the load management method.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de gestion de charge destiné à la commande et à la régulation de charge de consommateurs électriques (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm) qui sont alimentés par une entreprise d'approvisionnement en énergie (EVU) par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau d'alimentation en courant. Ledit système de gestion de charge comprend un gestionnaire de charge (LM) qui est relié par l'intermédiaire d'une unité de système de commande (SE) à une pluralité d'appareils de commutation de charge (LS1, LS2,..., LSn) et à des consommateurs placés en aval (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm). Le gestionnaire de charge (LM) comporte une première unité de ligne de temps (ZEa) servant à commuter tous les consommateurs (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm) ainsi qu'une première unité de profil (PEa) servant à affecter tous les consommateurs (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm) à des groupes de profils (PGa). Chaque appareil de commutation de charge placé en aval (LS1, LS2,..., LSn) comprend respectivement une deuxième unité de ligne de temps (ZEb) et une deuxième unité de profil (PEb), cette dernière comprenant au moins une quantité partielle (PGb, PUb) des groupes de profils (PGa) et des sous-groupes de profil (PUa) du gestionnaire de charge (LM) et chaque appareil de commutation de charge (LS1, LS2,..., LSn) comprenant au moins cette quantité partielle (ZEb) de toutes les lignes de temps (ZEa) du gestionnaire de charge (LM), dont les lignes de temps (ZZb) font partie de la quantité partielle correspondante (PGb) des groupes de profils (PGa). Tous les consommateurs (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm) d'un même type de consommateur (V1, V2,..., Vn) peuvent être regroupés à l'intérieur de chaque groupe de profil (PGa, PGb), les consommateurs (V11, V12,..., V21, V22,..., Vnm) de même type (V1, V2,...,Vn) pouvant être répartis à l'intérieur de chaque groupe de profils (PGa, PGb) dans une pluralité de sous-groupes de profils (PU1, PU2,..., PUn) et des lignes de temps d'un appareil de commutation de charge respectif (LS1, LS2,..., LSn) affectées respectivement à l'avenant pouvant être activées ou désactivées pour les sous-groupes de profils (PU1, PU2,..., PUn).
EP11761285.3A 2010-09-28 2011-09-21 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques Ceased EP2622701A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11761285.3A EP2622701A2 (fr) 2010-09-28 2011-09-21 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10011139A EP2434605A1 (fr) 2010-09-28 2010-09-28 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour consommateurs d'électricité
PCT/EP2011/004723 WO2012048787A2 (fr) 2010-09-28 2011-09-21 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques
EP11761285.3A EP2622701A2 (fr) 2010-09-28 2011-09-21 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2622701A2 true EP2622701A2 (fr) 2013-08-07

Family

ID=44260904

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10011139A Withdrawn EP2434605A1 (fr) 2010-09-28 2010-09-28 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour consommateurs d'électricité
EP11761285.3A Ceased EP2622701A2 (fr) 2010-09-28 2011-09-21 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour des consommateurs électriques

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10011139A Withdrawn EP2434605A1 (fr) 2010-09-28 2010-09-28 Système de gestion de charge et procédé de gestion de charge pour consommateurs d'électricité

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (2) EP2434605A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012048787A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104682398B (zh) * 2015-03-26 2016-09-07 中国电力工程顾问集团西南电力设计院有限公司 一种独立微网供电系统供电可靠性负荷削减方法
CH714695A1 (de) 2018-02-19 2019-08-30 Landis & Gyr Ag Vorrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Steuern elektrischer Lasten.
CN111391692B (zh) * 2019-12-09 2022-10-04 重庆邮电大学 基于车舱温度全过程差异化控制的电动汽车集群有序充放电调度系统及其方法
DE102023116569B3 (de) 2023-06-23 2024-05-29 Juice Technology AG Verfahren und System zur Laststeuerung in einem lokalen Netzabschnitt eines Stromnetzes mittels Rundsteuersignalen
DE102023131667A1 (de) * 2023-11-14 2025-05-15 Juice Technology AG Verfahren zur Laststeuerung von Ladevorrichtungen

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US4419666A (en) * 1979-07-02 1983-12-06 Sangamo Weston, Inc. System for controlling power distribution to customer loads
US6624532B1 (en) 2001-05-18 2003-09-23 Power Wan, Inc. System and method for utility network load control
KR101073114B1 (ko) * 2003-06-05 2011-10-13 엔포 브로드캐스트 에이에스 비내구재에 대한 수요 자동 관리 방법 및 시스템
WO2010045790A1 (fr) * 2008-10-20 2010-04-29 Shrestha, Rajendra Kumar Dispositif limiteur de charge
WO2010065198A2 (fr) * 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 American Power Conversion Corporation Réduction d'énergie

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2012048787A3 (fr) 2013-02-21
EP2434605A1 (fr) 2012-03-28
WO2012048787A2 (fr) 2012-04-19

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