EP2624663B1 - LED-Schaltung - Google Patents

LED-Schaltung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2624663B1
EP2624663B1 EP13153604.7A EP13153604A EP2624663B1 EP 2624663 B1 EP2624663 B1 EP 2624663B1 EP 13153604 A EP13153604 A EP 13153604A EP 2624663 B1 EP2624663 B1 EP 2624663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
led
shunt
circuit
heat
hand
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Active
Application number
EP13153604.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2624663A1 (de
Inventor
Serban Bruma
Gert Frederik Jozef Huysmans
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Etap NV
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Etap NV
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/54—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits in a series array of LEDs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/50—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits
    • H05B45/56—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED] responsive to malfunctions or undesirable behaviour of LEDs; responsive to LED life; Protective circuits involving measures to prevent abnormal temperature of the LEDs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a LED circuit, comprising a LED module and a driver circuit for feeding the LED module, the driver circuit having a pair of input terminals forming a line input terminal and a neutral input terminal, respectively, and a pair of output terminals forming input terminals of the LED module including a substrate, a heat sink and a multiple number of LED elements connected in series.
  • LED circuits are commonly known for application in light armatures, e.g. for lighting offices and private houses.
  • Known LED circuits include a LED module with LED elements generating a light beam, and a driver circuit providing the power supply for the LED module.
  • a multiple number of LED elements can be integrated on a common substrate, for cost purposes.
  • a heat sink can be provided in order to cool the LED elements.
  • the LED elements When integrating the LED elements on a common substrate, the LED elements can be provided with a corresponding heat pad that is capacitively coupled to the heat sink. Due to the physical structure of the substrate and the LED elements, the heat pads are also capacitively coupled to the anode and cathode of the corresponding LED elements. In principle, the heat pads can be formed as a single, common heat pad.
  • mains voltage surge is mainly due to thunderstorm and/or lightening activity in the atmosphere, and may cause damage to electric equipment.
  • Surge magnitudes and durations are categorized based upon geographical location of the facility, exposure to thunderstorm activity and electrical system location. A surge magnitude of 4 kV is not uncommon. Further, the duration of a surge is typically in a range of tens to hundreds of microseconds.
  • Patent publications US2010/127625 and EP2290777 describe how mains-carried voltage surges or transients can be absorbed at or redirected from a LED driver input, such as to protect the LED load. Both documents use a combination of varistors and filters.
  • a driver circuit may include a surge protection device interconnected between a line input terminal and a neutral input terminal.
  • the LED circuit according to the invention comprises a shunt circuit by-passing the capacitive coupling between the anode and cathode of the LED elements on the one hand, and the corresponding heat pad on the other hand, wherein the shunt circuit has a low impedance for transient signals.
  • the invention is partly based on the insight that protection of the driver circuit may not be enough for protection of the LED circuit as a whole, even if a surge pulse enters the LED circuit via a driver circuit that is protected by a surge protection device. It has been realized that surge caused damage may even occur if the driver circuit does not explicitly include a so-called protected earth terminal (class II type power supply).
  • the invention is also partly based on the insight that the substrate material forming a capacitor between the heat pad on the one hand, and the anode and cathode of the corresponding LED elements on the other hand, also called substrate capacitor, is typically made from ceramic material having a less controlled thickness, and vulnerable for voltage breakdown when a surge occurs having a voltage magnitude that is substantially larger than usual operational voltage levels.
  • the invention is further partly based on the insight that the capacitance value of the capacitor between the heat pad on the one hand, and the anode and cathode of the LED elements on the other hand, is typically, although not precisely controlled during manufacturing of the LED module, significantly smaller than the capacitance value of a capacitor between the head pad and the heat sink, and significantly smaller than the capacitance value of a driver capacitor, rendering the substrate capacitor even more vulnerable to damage in the LED circuit when a surge pulse occurs.
  • the substrate is advantageously protected since the shunt circuit forms a parallel path section for the surge pulse travelling in the circuit.
  • the expression “low impedance” means that the absolute value of the optionally complex impedance is smaller than other series impedances that the transient signal encompasses when traveling through the LED circuit, preferably one order of magnitude smaller.
  • the expression “transient signal” means in this context any signal that varies over time in the micro seconds range, e.g. over a time period ranging from circa 10 micro seconds to circa 100 micro seconds, such as a mains voltage surge signal.
  • Patent publications US6140585 and US4621199 describe how high voltage transients can be diverted from sensitive communication and computer circuits. Both documents use capacitors to create low-impedance diversion or bypass paths for voltage transients.
  • the shunt circuit includes a shunt capacitor.
  • the shunt circuit includes an electrically conducting path.
  • the shunt capacitor is dimensioned such that its capacitance is large relative to the capacitance of the substrate capacitor, so that the substrate capacitor is exposed to only a very minor portion of the surge pulse.
  • the LED circuit can be provided with a surge protection device connected between one of the input terminals of the driver circuit on the one hand, and the protective earth terminal on the other hand, thus limiting the surge amplitude on the primary side of the driver circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known LED circuit 1.
  • the LED circuit 1 includes a driver circuit 2 and a LED module 3.
  • the driver circuit 2 has a pair of input terminals 4 forming a line input L terminal 4a and a neutral input N terminal 4b, respectively, and a pair of output terminals 5a,b forming input terminals for the LED module 3.
  • the driver circuit 2 typically includes a transformer 6 with a primary and secondary, mutually inductively coupled coil 7a,b for transforming the input voltage to a desired voltage or current feeding the LED module 3.
  • the driver circuit 2 also includes a surge protection device (SPD) 8 interconnecting the line input L terminal 4a and the neutral input N terminal 4b.
  • the surge protection device 8 limits the voltage between the input terminals 4, e.g. in case a surge occurs between said terminals 4.
  • the voltage protection device 8 can be implemented as a varistor, e.g. a metal oxide varistor (MOV), and is also known as a transient voltage surge suppressor (TVSS).
  • the driver circuit 2 further includes in the electrical circuit representation a driver capacitor C driver interconnecting an input terminal 4b with an output terminal 5b of the driver circuit 2.
  • the driver capacitor C driver includes a physical capacitor, implemented for counteracting electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects, and a parasitic capacitor.
  • the capacitance value of the driver capacitor C driver is typically several nF, e.g. 3 nF.
  • the LED module 3 includes a substrate, a heat sink 10 and a multiple number of LED elements 11a,b connected in series, e.g. 10 LED elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electrical circuit representation of the module 3.
  • the cathode 14 of the individual LED elements 11 is connected to the anode 13 of the subsequent LED element 11, forming a chain or cable of LED elements 11.
  • the anode 13a of a first LED element 11 is electrically connected to a first output terminal 5a of the driver circuit 2, while the cathode 14b of a last LED element is electrically connected to a second output terminal 5b of the driver circuit 2.
  • the LED elements 11 are provided with a common heat pad 12.
  • the heat pad 12 is coupled to the heat sink 10 via a heat sink capacitor C 1 .
  • the heat pad 12 is coupled to the anode 13a,b and the cathode 14a,b of the LED elements 11 via parallel capacitors represented by a single substrate capacitor C 2 .
  • the known LED circuit 1 also includes a physical earth (PE) connection 15 that is connected to the heat sink 10, either explicit via an electric wire or via other components in the physical construction of the LED circuit 1 (e.g. if no explicit PE terminal is arranged such as the so-called class II type).
  • PE physical earth
  • FIG. 1 shows a possible path 21 that the surge voltage may follow.
  • the path 21 comprises a path section 21a including the driver capacitor C driver , a path section 21b including a driver output terminal 5a, a path section 21c including the substrate capacitor C 2 and the heat sink capacitor C 1 , and a path section 21d including an electrical connection to the physical earth connection PE.
  • the surge voltage passes the substrate capacitor C2
  • a breakdown of the LED substrate may occur.
  • FIG. 2 shows a LED circuit 1 according to the invention.
  • the LED circuit 1 comprises in addition a shunt circuit including two shunt capacitors C Y,1 ; Y,2 by-passing the capacitive coupling between the common heat pad 12 on the one hand and the anode and cathode 13, 14 of the LED elements 11 on the other hand.
  • each of the shunt capacitors C Y,1; Y,2 is, via one of their terminals, connected to the heat sink 10.
  • the other terminal of the capacitors is connected to an anode 13a or a cathode 14b of the LED elements 11.
  • a first shunt capacitor C Y,1 is connected between the heat sink 10 and a first input terminal 5a of the LED module 3, while a second shunt capacitor C Y,2 is connected between the heat sink 10 and a second input terminal 5b of the LED module 3.
  • the substrate capacitor C 2 is protected against breakdown, but also the heat sink capacitor C 1 .
  • a shunt capacitor C Y can be interconnected between the heat pad 12 on the one hand and the anode or the cathode of a LED elements 11 on the other hand, thus protecting the substrate capacitor C 2 .
  • the number of shunt capacitors C Y may be chosen otherwise. As an example, the number of shunt capacitors C Y is one, three or even more, e.g. five.
  • the capacitive value of the heat sink capacitor C 1 is typically in the order of several nF, e.g. circa 3 nF. Further, the capacitive value of the substrate capacitor C 2 is typically in the order of hundreds pF, e.g. circa 300 pF.
  • the mentioned capacitive values are exemplary. Hence, the values of the heat sink capacitor C 1 and the substrate capacitor C 2 may deviate, e.g. depending on components, technology and/or design.
  • the capacitance of the shunt capacitor C Y is at least an order higher than the capacitance of the substrate capacitor C 2 , so that, for transient signals, the impedance of the shunt capacitor C Y is significantly smaller than the impedance of the substrate capacitor C 2 .
  • the capacitance of the shunt capacitor C Y is at least an order higher than the capacitance of the driver capacitor C driver . Then, the shunt circuit has a low impedance for transient signals.
  • the LED circuit 2 shown in Fig. 2 comprises further surge protection devices (SPD) 30, 31 connected between the line input terminal 4a and the neutral input terminal 4b on the one hand and the protective earth terminal 15 on the other hand.
  • SPD surge protection devices
  • the modified path 22 that the surge voltage may follow comprises a path section 22a including the driver capacitor C driver , a path section 22b including a driver output terminal 5a, a path section 22c including the first shunt capacitor C Y,1 , a path section 22d including the heat sink 10, and a path section 22e,f including an electrical connection to the physical earth connection PE.
  • the modified path 22 does not include the substrate capacitor C 2 , thereby reducing the chance to damage of the substrate capacitor considerably.
  • the modified voltage path may include the path section 22a, a path section including the other driver output terminal 5b, a path section including the second shunt capacitor C Y,2 , a path section including the heat sink 10, and a path section 22e,f including the electrical connection to the physical earth connection PE.
  • the SPD's 30, 31 limit the amplitude of the surge voltage. Further, on the secondary side, at the output of the driver circuit 2, the shunt capacitors C Y shunt the substrate capacitor C 2 of all LED elements 11, so that any electrical stress on the substrate of the LED's is lowered considerably.
  • FIG 3 shows another LED circuit according to the invention.
  • the common heat pad 12 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is now replaced by a first heat pad 12' and a second heat pad 12", each being capacitively coupled to the heat sink 10 via a corresponding capacitor C' 1 , C" 1 .
  • the heat pads 12', 12" are capacitively coupled, via substrate capacitors C' 2 , C" 2 , to the anode and cathode of corresponding groups of LED elements.
  • the circuit also includes two shunt circuits each including an electrically conducting path 40, 41 by-passing the substrate capacitor C 2 .
  • a first electrically conducting path 40 is connected between the first input terminal 5a of the LED module and a first heat pad 12', while a second electrically conducting path 41 is connected between the second input terminal 5b of the LED module and a second heat pad 12".
  • a surge voltage surge may follow one or both shunt circuits, so that the substrate capacitors are not exposed to the surge voltages.
  • the first heat pad 12'and the second heat pad 12" are mutually electrically isolated, forming a so-called split heat pad design.
  • the two shunt circuits are each formed as an electrically conducting path, respectively, wherein the first shunt circuit is connected to a first set of mutually connected heat pads and wherein the second shunt circuit is connected to a second set of mutually connected heat pads.
  • the heat pads may be grouped in at least two common heat pad sets that are mutually electrically isolated.
  • a first set of heat pads is formed by a first group of mutually electrically connected heat pads 12', while a second set of heat pads is formed by a second group of mutually electrically connected heat pads 12", as shown in Fig. 3 .
  • the first set is electrically isolated from the second set.
  • the heat pads may also all be isolated from each other.
  • Each heat pad is then capacitively coupled to the heat sink, and the to the anode and cathode of the corresponding LED element.
  • a shunt circuit can be omitted in the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 and 3 , e.g. to save components. However, then, only one end of the LED elements chain is protected.
  • one of the shunt circuits shown in Fig. 3 can be replaced by a shunt capacitor described in view of the Fig. 2 .
  • the heat pads can be integrated in a single, common heat pad.
  • the shunt capacitor can then be connected to either the heat pad or to the heat sink.
  • the LED driver circuit may include further components, such as an AC/DC converter for converting the input AC voltage to a DC voltage for feeding the LED module. Further, additional circuitry may be included, e.g. shunt circuits by-passing an individual LED element in case of a defect.
  • the LED circuit according to the invention can, in principle, also be applied using a driver circuit that is not provided with a surge protection device between the input terminals of the driver circuit.
  • the LED circuit does include a single surge protection device connected between one of the input terminals on the one hand and the protective earth terminal on the other hand.
  • the LED circuit does not include a surge protection device between the input terminals of the driver circuit on the one hand and the protective earth terminal on the other hand, e.g. when the capacitance of the shunt capacitor is so large that a change of damage to the substrate capacitor due to a surge voltage is only minor.

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Claims (12)

  1. LED-Schaltung, umfassend ein LED-Modul und eine Treiberschaltung zur Speisung des LED-Moduls, wobei die Treiberschaltung ein Paar Eingangsklemmen, die eine Leitungseingangsklemme bzw. eine neutrale Eingangsklemme bilden, und ein Paar Ausgangsklemmen, die Eingangsklemmen des LED-Moduls bilden, einschließlich eines Substrats, eines Kühlkörpers und mehrerer in Serie geschaltete LED-Elemente umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die LED-Elemente mit einem entsprechenden Heizpad versehen sind, das kapazitiv an den Kühlkörper und an die Anode und Kathode der LED-Elemente gekoppelt ist, wobei die LED-Schaltung eine Nebenschaltung umfasst, welche die kapazitive Kopplung zwischen der Anode und der Kathode der LED-Elemente einerseits und das entsprechende Heizpad andererseits umgeht, und wobei die Nebenschaltung eine niedrige Impedanz für vorübergehende Regeldifferenzen hat.
  2. LED-Schaltung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Nebenschaltung einen Nebenkondensator umfasst.
  3. LED-Schaltung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, einschließlich zwei Nebenschaltungen, welche die kapazitive Kopplung zwischen der Anode und der Kathode der LED-Elemente einerseits und das entsprechende Heizpad andererseits umgehen, und wobei eine zweite Nebenschaltung mit einer zweiten Eingangsklemme des LED-Moduls verbunden ist.
  4. LED-Schaltung nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei der Nebenkondensator mit dem Kühlkörper verbunden ist.
  5. LED-Schaltung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Heizpads elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind, um ein gemeinsames Heizpad zu bilden.
  6. LED-Schaltung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Kapazität des Nebenkondensators mindestens eine Größenordnung höher ist als die Kapazität der gesammelten Kapazität zwischen dem Kühlkörper einerseits und der Anode und Kathode der LED-Elemente andererseits.
  7. LED-Schaltung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Treiberschaltung einen Treiberkondensator mit einer Kapazität, die mindestens eine Größenordnung niedriger ist als die Kapazität des Nebenkondensators, umfasst.
  8. LED-Schaltung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Nebenschaltung eine elektrisch leitende Bahn umfasst.
  9. LED-Schaltung nach den Ansprüchen 3 und 8, wobei die zwei Nebenschaltungen jeweils als eine elektrisch leitende Bahn geformt sind, wobei die erste Nebenschaltung mit einem ersten Satz miteinander verbundener Heizpads verbunden ist und wobei die zweite Nebenschaltung mit einem zweiten Satz miteinander verbundener Heizpads verbunden ist.
  10. LED-Schaltung nach Anspruch 9, wobei der erste Satz von Heizpads ein erstes gemeinsames Heizpad bildet, das kapazitiv mit dem Kühlkörper verbunden ist, und wobei der zweite Satz von Heizpads ein zweites gemeinsames Heizpad bildet, das kapazitiv mit dem Kühlkörper verbunden ist.
  11. LED-Schaltung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine Schutzerdungs-Eingangsklemme zur Verbindung mit dem Kühlkörper umfasst.
  12. LED-Schaltung nach Anspruch 11, ferner umfassend eine Überspannungsschutzvorrichtung, verbunden zwischen der Leitungseingangsklemme oder der neutralen Eingangsklemme einerseits und der Schutzerdungsklemme andererseits.
EP13153604.7A 2012-02-03 2013-02-01 LED-Schaltung Active EP2624663B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2008231A NL2008231C2 (en) 2012-02-03 2012-02-03 A led circuit.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2624663A1 EP2624663A1 (de) 2013-08-07
EP2624663B1 true EP2624663B1 (de) 2015-05-27

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NL (1) NL2008231C2 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4342264A1 (de) * 2021-05-21 2024-03-27 Signify Holding B.V. Esd-schutz von chip-scale-gehäuse-leds

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2015124520A1 (en) * 2014-02-21 2015-08-27 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Led circuit with surge protection
WO2018099791A1 (en) * 2016-11-29 2018-06-07 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Conversion circuit between fluorescent ballast and led.

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4621199A (en) * 1983-11-14 1986-11-04 Tandem Computers Incorporated Parallel grounding scheme
FR2755569B1 (fr) * 1996-11-04 1999-01-08 Fihem Equipement de telecommunication filaire avec protection contre des parasites electromagnetiques
US8284536B2 (en) * 2008-11-26 2012-10-09 Abl Ip Holding Llc Surge protection module for luminaires and lighting control devices
CN201636674U (zh) * 2009-06-10 2010-11-17 黄爱国 防雷led路灯
EP2290777A1 (de) * 2009-09-01 2011-03-02 Nxp B.V. Netzüberspannungsschutz
US8400064B2 (en) * 2009-09-09 2013-03-19 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Zener diode protection network in submount for LEDs connected in series
CN102022702A (zh) * 2009-09-11 2011-04-20 展晶科技(深圳)有限公司 发光模组、发光二极管晶片及交流发光二极管的保护电路

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4342264A1 (de) * 2021-05-21 2024-03-27 Signify Holding B.V. Esd-schutz von chip-scale-gehäuse-leds

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EP2624663A1 (de) 2013-08-07
NL2008231C2 (en) 2013-08-06

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