EP2633147A2 - Meisseldirektantrieb für werkzeuge auf basis einer wärmekraftmaschine - Google Patents
Meisseldirektantrieb für werkzeuge auf basis einer wärmekraftmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2633147A2 EP2633147A2 EP11813758.7A EP11813758A EP2633147A2 EP 2633147 A2 EP2633147 A2 EP 2633147A2 EP 11813758 A EP11813758 A EP 11813758A EP 2633147 A2 EP2633147 A2 EP 2633147A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- gas
- working
- direct
- bit drive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
- E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
- E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/0435—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines the engine being of the free piston type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a direct bit drive for tools for crushing and / or penetrating into brittle materials due to impact on the basis of a powered with a gaseous working medium heat engine.
- Rotary drilling has dominated deep drilling to date.
- This rotary drilling method is very suitable for drilling soft to medium-hard rocks.
- the propulsion rate decreases significantly due to the higher rock strength.
- crystalline hard stones can be destroyed much more effectively with impact drills than with rotating chisels, such as pressing roller bits or diamond cutting tools (PDC).
- PDC diamond cutting tools
- hammer drills can achieve, for example, up to 10x higher drilling speeds than with roller chisels. Further advantages are both the lower loads on the hammer of the percussion hammer as well as the higher directional stability of this drilling method.
- Impact drilling is a common practice in flat drilling technology. Impact drilling methods are e.g. used in blast hole drilling in open pits or in the drilling of shallow geothermal probes in solid rock.
- Hammer hammers are essentially divided into two groups: the over-the-wall hammers, which are located between the drill rig and the drill pipe, and the in-hole hammers, which are located directly above the bit. Since the impact energy in the overhead hammer must be transported over the entire boom to the chisel, the Bohrsteufe is in this process very limited. For deep holes, therefore, only in-hole hammers can be considered, in which the impact energy is generated directly above the chisel.
- the use of blow drills operated with compressed air or other compressed gases fails at depths of a few hundred meters on the performance of the surface-mounted compressors.
- a compressed air-fed in-hole impact hammer or hammer drill for greater depths is known, in which compressed air is alternately fed into an upper and lower cylinder chamber for a percussion piston.
- compressed air In the upper cylinder chamber is injected in addition to the compressed air diesel fuel to cause combustion of the thus compressed air and diesel fuel mixture and thus a violent skidding of the percussion piston on the drill bit.
- the air from the upper cylinder chamber, the exhaust gases after combustion and cooling air are discharged via lines from the bottom up.
- a similar working combustion-powered percussion drilling device is known from DE 39 35 252 A1.
- the percussion drill is suspended from a rough tubular drill pipe which allows the circulation of a drilling fluid for turbo drilling through the hollow interior.
- Concentric rows of boring bars with piston-guided tusks in the manner of a drill bit are attached to the lower end of the drill string.
- the pistons are ignited sequentially as often as necessary to drive the tusks strikingly and jostlingly.
- supply and discharge lines for fuel, compressed air and exhaust gases for the Imloch impact drill are installed, as well as electric cables for spark plugs and control electronics.
- WO 2001/040 622 A1 discloses a borehole oscillator based on an internal combustion engine in order to generate pressure oscillations in the borehole.
- the vibrator includes a housing provided with an internal combustion engine, including a cylinder and a piston, configured to perform a combustion stroke upon combustion of a gas mixture in the cylinder.
- a hammer connected to the piston strikes against an anvil moving from a first to a second position. Springs return each piston and anvil.
- the internal combustion engine is fed by two tanks, which separately store oxygen and hydrogen. The supply of the gas mixture and removal of the exhaust gases are controlled by valves.
- drilling fluids with a high specific gravity p of typically 1.2 g / cm 3 are used in deep drilling technology, and in extreme cases to more than 1.6 g / cm 3 . Accordingly, the hydrostatic pressure below a mud column with the depth h increases by pgh, where g is the gravitational acceleration and p can be considered as a first approximation constant.
- pgh the gravitational acceleration
- p can be considered as a first approximation constant.
- the invention is based on the object to provide a direct chisel drive for the above tools based on a heat engine, which can be adapted while maintaining a high number of common design features on a variety of forms of energy and which the energy provided by an external source wear and high Efficiency can turn into an oscillating flapping motion.
- Devices of this class should thus be able to be designed for various purposes, such as crushing of brittle materials, for vertical or horizontal propulsion overground or underground, and on various performance classes, from the handset to the Tiefbohrgarnitur.
- a low-maintenance universal drive for a Schfagbohr réelle for propulsion in crystalline hard rock in large depths to be made available which can also be operated by a conventional drilling mud.
- the functionality of this drive is intended Even at very high hydrostatic pressures at the bottom of the hole can be maintained up to over 1000 bar.
- the invention is characterized by a direct chisel drive with a heat engine, the mechanical useful work is coupled in the form of impact energy.
- the direct bit drive works according to a real Stirling cycle of a quasi-closed gaseous working medium.
- the working gas thus remains within the heat engine and an optional integrated in the drill string pressure compensation system and is not exchanged with the environment.
- the drives according to the invention thus operate without exhaust gases.
- the direct bit drive consists of a preferably cylindrical pressure vessel, which encloses the entire working space of the heat engine and is divided into different working areas. In one working area, the working medium is continuously heated in accordance with the principle of action of a Stirling engine and cooled in another working area.
- the mechanical useful work results from a phase shift between heating and expansion or cooling and contraction of the working gas.
- the heat engines can be designed as a Stirling engine with a freely oscillating displacement piston and a freely oscillating working piston, usually referred to as a free-piston Stirling engine, or as a thermoacoustic Stirling engine.
- a free-piston Stirling engine usually referred to as a free-piston Stirling engine
- thermoacoustic Stirling engine usually referred to as a thermoacoustic Stirling engine
- the oscillating pressure fluctuation of the working gas in a standing acoustic wave also called “standing wave thermoacoustic engine” or “lamina flow stirling” in Anglo-American
- the required thermal operating energy can the working gas in both cases by any external heat source, for example by an electric heating element, which with the gas directly or via a heat exchanger in contact, are supplied, as well by a continuously supplied hot medium or by a chemical reaction between (continuously supplied) liquid, gaseous or solid substances in a integrated or integrated in the heat exchanger combustion chamber.
- an electric heating element which with the gas directly or via a heat exchanger in contact
- Another and particularly advantageous type of heat supply is the generation of frictional heat from a rotational movement, for example, generated by a pneumatic or hydraulic turbine or a positive displacement motor by means of a suitable friction pairing. This may be like the heating element in direct contact with the working gas or be connected via a heat exchanger with this.
- the impact energy is transmitted to the cold end of the machine by compression of the working gas, direct mechanical impact of the working piston or an additional percussion piston on a movably guided anvil and forwarded to the chisel.
- the impact energy at the cold end of the machine from the oscillating pressure fluctuation and movement of the working gas is coupled by a movably guided piston or other types of movable, free surfaces and either directly or via an additional percussion with percussion piston and anvil directed to the chisel.
- gaseous working medium as 'quasi-finished' refers to the problems explained in the prior art that the average gas pressure in the working space of a powered with a gaseous working fluid heat engine at impact drilling in large depths with several 1000 m flushing column to the requirements of prevailing ambient pressure (hereinafter referred to as 'hydrostatic mud pressure') must be adjusted.
- 'hydrostatic mud pressure' This is done according to the invention by a (quasi) -kon- Continuous supply or removal of a gaseous working medium into the working space according to two different variants.
- FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 show variants of the heat supply for a direct-drive bit-driven Stirling engine in an axial piston arrangement of working and displacement pistons within a cylindrical pressure vessel
- variants 1 (a) to 1 (f) can be combined with variants 2 (a), (c) or (d),
- Fig. 3 (a) to Fig. 3 (e) variants of a direct bit drive on the basis of a thermoacoustic Stiriingmotors with a cylindrical pressure vessel, in which the working gas also undergoes a real Stirling cycle and the provision of the thermal operating energy by mechanically moving friction pairings with pure Axial surface pressure (Fig. 3 (a) and (c)) and with axial and radial surface pressure (Fig. 3 (b) and (d)) takes place.
- 3 (3e) shows an additional impact mechanism
- FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (c) show a large scale gas generator and absorber unit integrated into the drill string.
- the chisel insert 2b can be designed as a conventional percussion drill bit with hard material inserts 2d, as disclosed, for example, in EP 0 886 715 A1 or DE 196 18 298 A1.
- the bit receptacle 2a may include a mechanism for translating the bit insert 2b to cause the hard material inserts 2d to impact different areas of the bottom hole rock in successive strikes.
- the rotation of the bit 2 can thereby be driven using a portion of the axial impact energy, for example, according to a DE 27 33 300 A1 corresponding mechanism or by the flow of the drilling fluid.
- the housing 1 and the bit 2 are arranged coaxially with the axis of the borehole.
- a cylindrical pressure vessel 3 ⁇ which is non-positively connected by not shown in detail suitable connectors with the housing 1 and backlash.
- the positive displacement piston cylinder 3b and the working piston cylinder 3g have their equivalent in an upper and a lower resonator cylinder (3b "and 3g 'in Fig. 3 (a), (b) and (e)) in the direct bit thermoacoustic actuator of Fig. 3.
- the cylinder head 3a ' Is not heated in these embodiments.
- a space between the pressure vessel 3 and the housing 1 serves to pass through or forward the drilling mud. He is in the simplest case hollow or contains not shown required channels or piping systems for this purpose.
- the space may also include measuring devices for detecting operating parameters of the hammer drill, such as temperature sensors, strain gauges, force and accelerometers, as well as in the deep drilling usual other measuring instruments and the electronics required for this purpose.
- measuring devices for detecting operating parameters of the hammer drill such as temperature sensors, strain gauges, force and accelerometers, as well as in the deep drilling usual other measuring instruments and the electronics required for this purpose.
- a thermally insulating sheath 4 This may consist of a porous, mineral or keramikianom material which is either inherently pressure-resistant or is stabilized by an ambient pressure adjustable gas filling. Also, a correspondingly stable designed double wall with an intermediate evacuated insulation layer according to the principle of a dewar vessel is possible.
- Fig. 1 (a) shows a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of an electrically heated cylinder head 3a with a resistor located in the pressure vessel 3 heating element 5, which is supplied via electrical leads 6 with a direct or alternating current.
- the leads 6 are guided by gas-tight insulation pieces 7 into the interior of the pressure vessel 3.
- FIG. 1 (b) shows a schematic sectional view for the embodiment of an electrically heated cylinder head 3a with a resistance heating element 5 located outside of the pressure vessel 3 (FIG. 2).
- the thermal connection to the working gas takes place through a heat exchanger 8.
- the heat exchanger 8 may consist of a material of higher thermal conductivity than the base material of the cylinder head 3a and the pressure vessel 3 and is embedded in this gas-tight. For better heat dissipation, the heat exchanger 8 may be provided with ribs or other bulges to increase the contact surface with the working gas.
- the supply of electrical power in either case may be provided by an above-ground downhole electrical conductor as disclosed, for example, in EP 257 744 A2, or by an electric generator driven by the drilling fluid after e.g. DE 3029523 A1 in the borehole.
- Fig. 1 (c) shows a schematic sectional view of the embodiment of a cylinder head 3a heated by a hot medium or a liquid or gaseous reaction mixture.
- the heat is dissipated by a heat exchanger 8, this for this purpose to increase the surface spirally wound and additionally provided with ribs or other bulges.
- superheated steam heated oil or molten metals (preferably gallium and gallium-indium-based eutectic alloys, mercury, molten alkali metals) heated and circulated by a heat source located above the drill can be used.
- oxyhydrogen hydrogen / oxygen
- a catalytic coating in the heat exchanger 8 to exothermic reaction can be used as the reaction mixture.
- Fig. 1 (d) shows a schematic sectional view of the configuration of a cylinder head 3a heated by a direct flame burner.
- This variant is preferably not suitable for use in deep drilling technology, but for the operation of compact and high-performance drills in the flat or horizontal drilling, possibly also for hand tools for impact drilling, chiselling and clamping in places where no electrical power supply to Available.
- the gaseous or liquid fuel is supplied via a nozzle tube 10 while the oxidizing component, in the simplest case air, is added via an intake manifold 11.
- the ignition of the fuel-air mixture can be done by an electric ignition device, which is not shown.
- the heat is in turn transmitted via a heat exchanger 8 in the interior of the pressure vessel 3, wherein the hot exhaust gases to increase the efficiency are still guided along the cylinder head 3a and finally leave the device via an exhaust 12.
- FIG. 1 (e) and (f) show schematic sectional views for the embodiment of an energy supply in the form of frictional heat, which is represented by a rotating friction pairing outside (Fig. (e)) or within (Fig. (f)) of the pressure vessel 3 is generated.
- These design variants are particularly well suited for use in deep drilling technology, as the friction pairing directly via a conventional, powered by the circulating drilling mud drill motor
- the biasing device consists of a bearing 17 which radially stabilizes the drive shaft 13 and can absorb axial forces in the direction of the bias.
- the bearing 17 is executed in the present case by way of example as a ball bearing with conical treads, but also suitably designed needle roller bearings, bearings or plain bearings are suitable.
- the bias and thus the frictional resistance and the power output of the two friction plates 14 and 15 can be controlled by expandable elements 18 according to the current requirements of Schlagbohrvorganges.
- This may be a grouped about the drive shaft 13 arrangement of hydraulic cylinders, piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators or spindles with motor drive.
- the drive shaft 13 is subjected to pressure between the bearing 17 and the rotating friction disk 14, which is why an additional load frame 19 is required.
- This is frictionally connected to the wall of the pressure vessel 3 and executed in the present example as their immediate continuation, in which the cylinder head 3a is retracted as a kind of intermediate floor.
- Another intermediate bottom 9a receives the force generated by the expandable elements.
- the drive shaft 13 is loaded between the bearing 17 and the rotating friction disk 14 in tension, for which purpose the prestressing elements 20 are made of a pressure-resistant material of low thermal conductivity between the stationary friction disk 15 and the expandable elements 18 mounted inside and outside of the pressure vessel 3 are.
- this material is a high strength ceramic material such as zirconia.
- these pressure-resistant elements 20 may be provided with a honeycomb structure with honeycomb axes along the direction of compression. Since in the variant according to FIG. 1 (f) the friction pairing is located within the pressure vessel 3, a sealing passage 7 'for the drive shaft 13 is necessary.
- the friction surfaces must be made of a wear-resistant material with a high coefficient of friction, high heat resistance and high Temperature resistance exist.
- the friction surfaces must be made of a wear-resistant material with a high coefficient of friction, high heat resistance and high Temperature resistance exist.
- GH Jang et al . "Tribological Properties of C / C-SiC Composites for Brake Discs", Met. Int. (2001), Vol. 16, no. 1, brake discs made of C / C-SiC composites with a thermal resistance up to 1300 ° C and high thermal conductivity are presented, which are already used in similar applications.
- the body of the respective heat-emitting friction disc can be made entirely of these materials len.
- the respective counter-disc is preferably made of a material with similar thermal resistance and strength, but lower thermal conductivity such as zirconia.
- the fixed friction disk 15 can also be made of this base material with a frictional and / or cohesive support or a gradient of a friction layer of C / C-SiC or a similarly suitable ceramic material.
- the fixed friction disk 15 and the pressure-resistant elements 20 on the inside of the cylinder head 3a can thus consist of an integral component.
- FIG. 2 (a) to (d) show schematic sectional views of three different design variants of a direct chisel drive on the basis of a free-piston Stir- lingmotors.
- Fig. 2 (b) is the visualization of a particular point in the cycle of operation of the motor, more particularly indicated by Fig. 2 (a), while Fig. 2 (c) represents a minor but decisive constructional variation thereof.
- Both variants have the following common design features: a displacer piston 30b, to which is attached a piston rod 30c, which is guided through a sealed bore in the upper end of the working piston 30g.
- the piston rod 30c carries a small piston 30e which operates within the working piston 30g in another cylinder or bore.
- This cylinder in the working group ben 30g has two chambers 30d and 30f, which represent baffles or gas spring elements with respect to the relative movement between the displacer 30b and the working piston 30g.
- axial The lower end of the working piston 30g operates in an abutment or impact space 42, the bottom 3i of which is held axially movably, for example, by a hermetically closing bellows 3h.
- the geometry and volume of the baffle 42 are dimensioned such that the working piston 30g is decelerated to the standstill by compression of the working gas without colliding with the bottom or the wall of the working piston cylinder 3g in the axial direction.
- the mean pressure of the working gas contained in the baffle 42 is identical to that in the two working spaces 40 and 41. This mean pressure is adapted in a manner to be described in more detail to the hydrostatic pressure of the flushing column which bears against the outside of the borehole bottom in such a way that an optimum effect of the motor is achieved.
- displacer 30b is not at one of its dead centers with respect to the displacer cylinder 3b at the time of the duty cycle shown in FIG. 2 (b). This is due to the phase shift between working piston and displacer piston typical for any Stirling machine with piston drive.
- the upward movement of the working piston 30g is determined by the gas volume rebounding after the pressure surge in the impact space 42, as well as the upper cylinder chamber 30d acting as a prestressed gas spring in the working piston 30g in combination. nation initiated with the inertia of the displacer 30b. It first goes hand in hand with a further downward movement of the displacer piston 30b, whereby cooled gas flows from the working region 41 through a cooler system 22 and a regenerator 21 into the hot working region 40. The heat removal at the radiator system 22 takes place through the flowing drilling fluid.
- the regenerator 21 is designed so that it is at any point in as complete as possible thermal exchange with the working gas, ie, the cross sections of its channels or pores through which the working gas flows are of the same order of magnitude as its thermal penetration in the typical Operating frequencies of the engine.
- an anvil 2e is additionally provided in the impact space 42.
- Geometry and volume of the baffle 42 are designed as a 'too weak' gas spring, which is unable to decelerate the working piston 30g to a standstill, so that it collides with the anvil 2e in the axial direction. Analogously, this corresponds to a forced bottom dead center, which is displaced axially upwards by an offset Az in comparison with the arrangement in FIG. 2 (b).
- the collision of the two bodies releases two oppositely running elastic waves.
- the running in the working piston 30g elastic wave is reflected at its inner boundary surface acting as a gas spring lower working space 30f, thus contributing to its upward movement.
- the running in the anvil 2e elastic wave continues in the chisel 2 and is transmitted to the rock to be destroyed. Due to the significantly lower compressibility of the colliding solids compared to the previously described pressure surge in the compressed gas cushion, the shock wave thus triggered has a higher amplitude with a shorter duration of action than in the aforementioned embodiment of Fig. 2 (a) and (b).
- the impact energy is taken from the working piston 30g close to its bottom dead center, in which this only has a low speed.
- FIG. 2 (d) shows the schematic sectional view of another impact energy generating device based on a free-piston Stirling engine, which is equipped with an additional, freely movable percussion piston 30h in a fully automatic percussion piston 30h.
- Tert impact chamber 43 mounted impact piston cylinder 50 operates. This is like the anvil 2e firmly connected to the bottom of the baffle 42 and has at the bottom of Ausströmkanäle 51, which consist for example of elongated slots along its circumference to a possible
- the cross section of the percussion piston cylinder 50 is reduced in comparison to the working piston cylinder 3g. Due to the gas flowing from the working piston 30g with the larger cross section into the percussion piston cylinder 50, the percussion piston 30h is therefore accelerated to a higher speed during the downward movement of the working piston 30g than this.
- the height of the percussion piston cylinder 50 is dimensioned such that the percussion piston 30h hits the anvil 2e when the working piston 30g is at the apex of its movement, ie has reached its maximum speed.
- the upper end of the percussion piston cylinder 50 is closed by a control valve, which consists of an actuator unit 52 and a valve flap 53, up to this time.
- the valve flap 53 may be made annular, for example, to allow unimpeded inflow and outflow of the working gas.
- the signal for opening the valve flap 53 can be triggered for example by the impact of the percussion piston 30h on the anvil 2e.
- the valve flap 53 represents an effective instrument for controlling the speed of the working piston 30g during the entire working cycle, it is preferably controlled by a process computer which detects the instantaneous speed and position of the working piston 30g by means of a corresponding sensor.
- valve flap 53 is now opened. This is indicated by arrows in FIG. 2 (d). Since the percussion piston 30h located at the bottom of the impact piston cylinder 50 closes the flow channels 51, the gas displaced in the second half of the downward movement of the working piston 30g is now pressed into the expanded impact space 43, as a result of which the working piston 30g slows down its movement.
- the gas flows through the valve flap 53 and the discharge passages 51 are controlled in the following section of the duty cycle via this valve flap 53 so that the percussion piston 30h has lifted up to its top dead center during the entire upward movement of the working piston and irregularities in the upward movement of the working piston 30g be compensated.
- the operation and operating sequence of the free-piston Stirling engine can also be stabilized and controlled by further technical measures, such as by a particular embodiment of the working piston auxiliary piston combination 30g / 30e presented in DE2524479A1.
- WO 1995 029 334 A1 discloses a method for operating and controlling a free-piston Stirling engine in which a pressure potential is established between a high-pressure accumulator and a low-pressure accumulator. With this pressure gradient, a pneumatic hammer drill can be operated at the lower end of the Stirling engine.
- a pneumatic hammer drill can be operated at the lower end of the Stirling engine.
- all work spaces and lines filled with gaseous working medium must also be kept at a medium working pressure by adding the same from a gas generator unit, which ensures a complication-free function of the machines in view of a high external pressure which is loaded by the liquid column of the drilling fluid.
- FIG. 3 (a) and (b) show schematic sectional views for two different design variants of a direct-drive bit-driven drive based on a thermoacoustic Stirling engine. Identical or similar parts shown are again occupied in the two variants with the same numbers. The corresponding inscription in FIG. 3 takes place only once for the sake of clarity, as far as this is sufficient for the respectively following explanations.
- the pressure vessel 3 represents a predominantly cylindrical resonance body, in which a standing acoustic wave of the gaseous working medium is formed.
- the required thermal operating energy is in Fig. 3 (a) similar to the previously described with reference to FIG. 1 (e) device (for 17, 18, 19 and 19 a, see there) supplied as mechanical work via a drive shaft 13 and over an axially biased friction pair of a fixed friction disc 15 and a rotating friction disc 14 converted into frictional heat.
- the sealing bushing T has already been explained in more detail in the comments on FIG. 1 (f).
- Fig. 3 (b) is a conical friction pair with tangential relative movement and a bias with radial and axial components.
- the cooling elements 22a within the radiator system 22 are formed along the cylinder axis surface or rod-shaped and as thin as possible to cause the smallest possible reduction in cross-sectional area for the working gas flowing through.
- the cooling is preferably carried out by one of the particle-containing and viscous drilling fluid materially separate coolant circuit.
- very effective coolants are preferably liquid metals such as gallium, eutectic mixtures based on gallium and indium or mercury in question, since they have a low viscosity, high boiling points and high thermal conductivity.
- liquids based on polysiloxanes silicone oils
- perfluorinated hydrocarbons or water with boiling point increasing additives
- the circulation of the coolant is effected by a pump 22d, which is preferably driven directly by a continuation of the drive shaft 3 in the interior of the pressure vessel 3.
- Another embodiment consists in an outside of the pressure vessel 3 located pump 22 d ', which is driven for example by a small electric motor.
- the coolant releases the heat absorbed in the interior of the pressure vessel via a further heat exchanger 22b to the drilling fluid.
- this is indicated as spirally wound around the pressure vessel 3 pipeline.
- the coolant is passed through a supply and heat exchanger system 22c via the cooling elements 22a.
- the heat exchanger 22b also communicates with a coolant reservoir, not specified, which serves to compensate for pressure and volume changes of the coolant due to temperature changes and its compression / decompression upon retraction of the drill string into or out of great depths. It is preferably located in the intermediate space between the housing 1 and the pressure vessel 3.
- the oscillation of the working gas is driven by the regenerator 21, in which a possible continuous temperature gradient from the temperature of the friction pair to that of the coolant circuit is established.
- the regenerator 21 is flowed through by the working gas oscillating, wherein the flow to the hot end with increasing pressure and the cold end at falling pressure.
- the Regenerator 21 may be designed as a so-called "stack" with an incomplete local thermal coupling to the working gas in order to effect a necessary for the maintenance of the oscillation phase shift between the movement of the working gas and its thermal expansion / contraction.
- the characteristic lateral dimension of the flow channels in the regenerator 21 must be one to several thermal penetration depths ("thermal penetration depths") in the gas at the oscillation frequency. This finding is state of the art (see, for example, US 2003019644 A1), but is given here for the sake of completeness of the description.
- FIGS. 3 (a) and (b) In contrast to the friction pairings shown in FIGS. 1 (e) and (f) for heating free piston Stirling engines, the heating elements realized by friction pairings in the Stirling thermoacoustic engines in FIGS. 3 (a) and (b) must be designed so that they can be flowed through by the working gas along the cylinder axis of the pressure vessel 3 with the lowest possible viscous flow losses. This requirement is solved in the embodiment of FIG. 3 (a) by friction with axial channels or annular gaps.
- Fig. 3 (c) schematically shows the section AA in Fig. 3 (a).
- the drive shaft 13 opens into a hub 13a, to which the upper rotating friction disc 14 is attached via ribs 14b.
- the ribs 14b run radially outwards and transmit the axial contact pressure and the torque of the drive shaft 13 to the rotating friction disk 14.
- the rotating friction disk 14 itself consists of concentric rings 14c, which via the ribs 14b and optionally further radially extending webs (not shown) are interconnected.
- the underlying fixed friction disc 15 is designed so that their rings are congruent with those of the upper rotating friction disc 14 one above the other, so that a continuous sliding path is formed.
- the lower fixed friction disc 15 In contrast to the rotating upper friction disc 14 with its obliquely rising towards the hub ribs 14b, the lower fixed friction disc 15 only radial reinforcing elements of the same height and is flat resting firmly connected to the regenerator 21.
- FIG. 3 (b) and FIG. 3 (d) a variant is presented in which this problem can be circumvented by using a rotating, conically shaped drum 60, which in turn uses solid material for the friction pairing.
- the drum 60 consists of a hollow metal cylinder (or cone) 61, which is fixed concentrically on the drive shaft 13 by means of force-transmitting spokes 62.
- the interior of the drum 60 is provided with radially on the drive shaft 13 tapered thermally conductive fins 63.
- On the metal cylinder 61 is a conical shaped layer of a friction material 14 'is applied and the entire drum 60 is seated in a seat of segmented friction elements 5' which can be pressed against the friction layer 14 "individually with actuator elements 18 'via a thermal insulation layer of pressure resistant material 20 1
- On the drive shaft 13 acting axial force component is in turn derived via a bearing 17 on a radially symmetrical support frame construction 19 and 19a in the pressure vessel 3.
- the relative speed of the mutually rubbing surfaces along the drive shaft 13 is different, resulting in a locally different
- the effect can be further enhanced by different contact forces of the actuator elements 18 ', so that the lamellae 63, which are in (incomplete) thermal contact with the working gas, are used both as a heat source, as well as regenerator 21 function. Therefore, since the frictional heat is applied to the edge, the fins 63 become hotter along a line from the drive shaft 13 to the metal cylinder 61. However, since they approach each other due to their radial arrangement towards the drive shaft 13, the specific heat release to the gas increases in this direction.
- the radian measure between two adjacent fins 63 should ideally be dimensioned such that both effects compensate each other in the optimum operating state of the Stirling engine and a heating of the working gas which is almost uniform over the cross section takes place.
- the chisel 2 facing end face 3i of the pressure vessel 3 as well as the drive variants described above based on free-piston Stirling engines designed to be movable, so that a part of the energy of standing acoustic wave can be coupled as an oscillating movement on the chisel 2.
- the mobility is realized in the present case via the bellows 3h, but can also be designed as a sealed movable piston.
- the maximum possible travel of these elements need only be a small fraction of the length of the pressure vessel 3, preferably 0.1 to 3%.
- the actual amplitude of movement of the bottom 3i or of the adjoining bit 2 is even lower. It is made up of the distance between the bottom of the hole and the hard material inserts 2d of the chisel insert 2b plus the penetration depth into the rock per executed punch together.
- a percussion mechanism shown schematically in cross section in FIG. 3 (e). This may be flanged to both of the described direct thermal acoustic drill drives as indicated by the section line B-B and is identical in construction and function, but not necessarily in its absolute dimensions, to the percussion shown in Fig. 2 (d).
- FIG. 4 (a) shows a schematic longitudinal section of a pressure compensation container 65 according to the invention.
- This consists of a cylindrical housing V. At its upper end there is a collar 70 into which the drill pipe is screwed.
- the drilling mud is passed through a mud channel 71 through the device to the drill motor and bit direct drive.
- the flow direction is indicated by an arrow.
- the downhole component of the drill string e.g., drill motor
- Concentric in the widening flushing channel 71 of the surge tank 65 is arranged, which is connected by streamlined brackets 66 fixed to the housing 1 '.
- the working gas which is over one day Pressure pes-ovon is precompressed several 100 bar, can be removed via the valve 67 and, if necessary, while passing through the drill motor and other components of the drill set, via a pressure equalization line 68 to the heat engine according to the invention direct M preciselyeldirektantriebe.
- the conduit is guided on the outside of the surge tank 65 along one of the brackets 66 'to the subsequent components of the drill string. Valve and pipe are screened against the abrasive action of the incoming drilling mud by the conical guard / flow divider 64.
- Fig. 4 (b) shows a cross section through the device along the cutting plane A-A with a top view of the guard.
- the length of the surge tank 65 is not drawn to scale with respect to the diameter of the unit. It can be extended depending on the required for the desired drilling depth compensation volume at the cutting line BB.
- the pressure compensation unit 69 ⁇ It consists of a sealed piston 69 a, which is freely movable in the surge tank 65 against the gas pressure.
- the piston 69a is sufficiently long to provide good guidance in the pressure compensating cylinder 65 and therefore may be hollow for reasons of material economy.
- At the lower end of the piston 69a there is a cylindrical plug with a conical end 69b, which is pressed firmly into a conical seal 65c at low depths due to the high pressure (p 6 5> Pauiien) in the cylindrical pressure equalization tank 65. This seal 65c ensures gas tightness under these conditions and prevents the leakage of compressed gas.
- drilling mud can flow in via bores 69 d, lifting the piston 69 a and compressing the working gas above it to equalize the pressure.
- a running ring seals 69 e prevent primarily the ingress of liquid into the surge tank at a vanishingly small pressure difference between this around the External pressure.
- they can consist of a temperature-resistant and wear-resistant elastomer.
- a non-volatile liquid 69f which at each point in the deep well has a lower density than the drilling fluid and therefore floats above it. It is located at a closed valve 69b / 69c in a flooding space 69g and is displaced with the inflowing drilling fluid to the top. It also has the task of wetting the inside of the pressure vessel cylinder 65 and thus protect against corrosion.
- Another variant provides for a combined gas generator and gas absorber unit situated in the drill assembly above the bit direct drive, which operates using gas-producing or gas-consuming chemical reactions of solids with a high molar conversion of gas molecules.
- the addressed chemical reactions will first be described in more detail, followed by the description of the gas generator and absorber unit (FIG. 5).
- Preferred materials for this purpose are nitride-forming metals and semimetals, which are able to bind as high a number of nitrogen molecules per formula conversion and have a sufficiently high activation barrier for the reaction, so that it can not come to self-ignition when stored in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Particularly suitable are:
- silicon is a particularly preferred material in terms of availability, price, nitrogen binding capacity and handling safety.
- the ignition temperature for the o.g. Nitriding reaction is very high with pure silicon powder with 1250-1450X, but it has been found that it can be lowered by admixtures of catalytically active substances below 1000 ° C (WO002002090254A1).
- Figs. 5 (a) to 5 (c) are schematic sectional views of an embodiment of a gas generator and absorber unit. This is preferably at the top of the drill string, i. located above the drill motor and the M thoroughlyeldirektantrieben invention. Specifically show:
- Fig. 5 (a) shows a lateral section transverse to the axis of the bore (indicated by C-C in Fig. 5 (b));
- Fig. 5 (b) is a longitudinal section to the axis of the bore and
- the gas generator and absorber unit in turn consists of a cylindrical housing V.
- the unit is gas-tight sealable and designed so that it can withstand an internal pressure of the working gas, which is typically in the range of 50-100 bar without deformation, without deformation.
- the drilling mud is forwarded via a central flushing channel 71 to drill motor and direct bit drive.
- the flow direction is indicated by an arrow.
- Concentrically around the flushing channel 70 are in the upper part of a storage silo for the gas generator 73 and a storage silo for the gas absorbing material 74, arranged in the lower part of the collecting container 75, 76 for the respective reaction products.
- the length of these silos is not drawn to scale with respect to the diameter of the unit. Depending on the amount of gas to be generated and absorbed, they may be extended along the lines CC and FF in Fig. 5 (b). Also, the radians between partitions 77, 78 and 79 may be chosen differently depending on the space requirements of the respective materials.
- a decomposition reactor 80 and the nitriding reactor 8_1 which are each equipped with an insulating sheath 8 a and 8 b electrical resistance heating.
- both reactors are circulated through cooling pipes 83a of drilling fluid.
- the coolant flow is expediently caused by the pressure gradient between the drilling fluid flowing downwards in the flushing channel 71 and upwards between the housing V and the borehole wall. It can for example be made through an inlet opening 83b and controlled by control valves 83c. After passing through the valve, the drilling fluid can for example be distributed by a ring line 83d on the cooling lines 83a.
- the free-flowing gas generator and gas absorber material is supplied to the reactors in each case via Feststoffdosier Anlagenen 84.
- the feed is carried out quasi-continuously in portions by a suitable sluice system, so that a repelling of the reaction is prevented in the reservoir.
- Reactors 80 and 8J. are designed so that they are sufficient for the reaction thermal contact and residence time of the gas generator and
- the resulting gas flows through a filler neck 85 into the collecting tank 75.
- the solid reaction products are entrained and / or removed by means of the screw conveyor 8 c from the reaction zone.
- the collecting container 75 serves at the same time for buffering possibly occurring pressure surges by intermittent decomposition. Finely distributed solid particles in the gas can settle here. Further dust particles are retained by a particle filter 86.
- the generated gas flows into a heat exchanger 87 which is integrated into a vertically extending gas distribution well 88 which is integrated into the housing of the gas generator and absorber unit.
- the heat exchanger 87 is cooled by the drilling mud streams inside and outside the gas generator and absorber units.
- the pressure equalization with the working spaces of the hot gas engine of the direct bit drives according to the invention takes place via a controllable valve (not shown) which is mounted in the region of 3a (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 5).
- a controllable valve (not shown) which is mounted in the region of 3a (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 5).
- the control function of the valve can be reversed, so that in each case small amounts of gas flow out of the hot gas engines.
- the gas is supplied to the nitriding reactor in the present embodiment by a blower 91 and a bore or line 92, which opens into a hollow and perforated shaft of the screw conveyor 81c '.
- a gas circulation 88 -> 91 - 92 81 85->86->89-> 88 can be used to ensure an efficient reaction.
- nitridation reactor may be embodied in other ways, for example as a fluidized bed reactor.
- Preferred fields of application for the invention are deep drilling for the extraction of oil, gas or geothermal heat and the deepening of exploratory boreholes into deep rock layers. Further areas of application are, for example, the driving of routes in mining and on construction sites without electric power supply the impact drilling with hand-held impact drills or pruning and chiselling with hand-held chisel hammers.
- e ring seal e.g. Made of temperature-resistant elastomer
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
- Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010050244A DE102010050244B4 (de) | 2010-10-30 | 2010-10-30 | Meißeldirektantrieb für Werkzeuge auf Basis einer Wärmekraftmaschine |
| PCT/DE2011/001878 WO2012055392A2 (de) | 2010-10-30 | 2011-10-21 | Meisseldirektantrieb für werkzeuge auf basis einer wärmekraftmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2633147A2 true EP2633147A2 (de) | 2013-09-04 |
| EP2633147B1 EP2633147B1 (de) | 2016-06-29 |
Family
ID=45554393
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11813758.7A Not-in-force EP2633147B1 (de) | 2010-10-30 | 2011-10-21 | Meisseldirektantrieb für werkzeuge auf basis einer wärmekraftmaschine |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9328559B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2633147B1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2011320466B2 (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112013010636A2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2816470C (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010050244B4 (de) |
| DK (1) | DK2633147T3 (de) |
| NZ (1) | NZ611240A (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2601633C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012055392A2 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201303854B (de) |
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| US9850711B2 (en) * | 2011-11-23 | 2017-12-26 | Stone Aerospace, Inc. | Autonomous laser-powered vehicle |
| DE102011122071B4 (de) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-10-31 | Eads Deutschland Gmbh | Stirlingmotor mit Schlagflügel für ein emissionsfreies Fluggerät |
| WO2015028204A2 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-05 | Dynaenergetics Gmbh & Co. Kg | Perforating gun and detonator assembly |
| DE102014010942A1 (de) * | 2014-07-28 | 2016-01-28 | Trw Airbag Systems Gmbh | Gasgenerator für ein Fahrzeuginsassensicherheitssystem, Gassackmodul und Fahrzeuginsassensicherheitssystem mit einem solchen Gasgenerator sowie Herstellungsverfahren |
| US10352272B2 (en) * | 2015-10-15 | 2019-07-16 | Thermolift, Inc. | Dome for a thermodynamic apparatus |
| CN105370210B (zh) * | 2015-11-03 | 2018-01-05 | 北京建工环境修复股份有限公司 | 一种可加热钻头以及去除有机污染物的方法 |
| FI127692B (fi) * | 2017-06-05 | 2018-12-14 | Robit Oyj | Poralaitekokoonpano, porajonokokoonpano varustettuna poralaitekokoonpanolla, sekä päätykappale ja takaiskuventtiilin kytkeytyvä elin käytettäväksi poralaitekokoonpanossa |
| CN109556318B (zh) * | 2017-09-25 | 2020-07-28 | 同济大学 | 一种热声制冷机 |
| US11808093B2 (en) | 2018-07-17 | 2023-11-07 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Oriented perforating system |
| DE102018220266A1 (de) | 2018-11-26 | 2020-05-28 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Druckwasserausstoßvorrichtung |
| CN109707305B (zh) * | 2019-02-02 | 2024-02-13 | 吉林大学 | 一种超燃式单作用冲击回转钻具及冲击回转方法 |
| US12241326B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2025-03-04 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
| US11578549B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2023-02-14 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
| US11255147B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2022-02-22 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
| US10927627B2 (en) | 2019-05-14 | 2021-02-23 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Single use setting tool for actuating a tool in a wellbore |
| CN110118450B (zh) * | 2019-05-23 | 2024-06-28 | 江苏热声机电科技有限公司 | 一种热声制冷机 |
| US11204224B2 (en) | 2019-05-29 | 2021-12-21 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Reverse burn power charge for a wellbore tool |
| CZ310189B6 (cs) | 2019-12-10 | 2024-11-06 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Hlava rozněcovadla, rozněcovadlo a sestava rozněcovadla |
| CN113062686B (zh) | 2019-12-16 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 钻井提速工具 |
| CN111238085A (zh) * | 2020-01-10 | 2020-06-05 | 中铁十二局集团建筑安装工程有限公司 | 基于土壤岩石交替出现地层的地源热泵地埋管施工方法 |
| US11859532B2 (en) * | 2020-11-21 | 2024-01-02 | Alexandra Leonidovna Zhmudyak | Vibratory plate and its engine |
| DE102021103672B3 (de) | 2021-02-17 | 2022-01-27 | Avl Software And Functions Gmbh | Wärmekraftmaschine |
| WO2023200984A1 (en) | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Dbk Industries, Llc | Fixed-volume setting tool |
| US11753889B1 (en) | 2022-07-13 | 2023-09-12 | DynaEnergetics Europe GmbH | Gas driven wireline release tool |
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| CN115263259B (zh) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-08-08 | 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种油田注水注气开发用地面管路优化系统及其优化方法 |
| CN117192061B (zh) * | 2023-10-09 | 2025-01-21 | 山东昊润自动化技术有限公司 | 具有电源管理功能的极寒环境地下水监测仪 |
| PL449896A1 (pl) | 2024-09-26 | 2026-03-30 | Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie | Silnik geotermalny oraz sposób pozyskiwania energii z górotworu za pomocą silnikageotermalnego |
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2010
- 2010-10-30 DE DE102010050244A patent/DE102010050244B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-10-21 EP EP11813758.7A patent/EP2633147B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2011-10-21 NZ NZ61124011A patent/NZ611240A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-10-21 DK DK11813758.7T patent/DK2633147T3/en active
- 2011-10-21 US US13/882,509 patent/US9328559B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-21 CA CA2816470A patent/CA2816470C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-10-21 BR BR112013010636A patent/BR112013010636A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2011-10-21 RU RU2013124966/03A patent/RU2601633C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-10-21 WO PCT/DE2011/001878 patent/WO2012055392A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-10-21 AU AU2011320466A patent/AU2011320466B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2013
- 2013-05-28 ZA ZA2013/03854A patent/ZA201303854B/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See references of WO2012055392A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2011320466B2 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
| WO2012055392A2 (de) | 2012-05-03 |
| AU2011320466A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
| ZA201303854B (en) | 2014-04-30 |
| RU2601633C2 (ru) | 2016-11-10 |
| US9328559B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
| NZ611240A (en) | 2015-03-27 |
| CA2816470C (en) | 2018-02-06 |
| BR112013010636A2 (pt) | 2016-08-09 |
| DK2633147T3 (en) | 2016-10-17 |
| DE102010050244B4 (de) | 2013-10-17 |
| RU2013124966A (ru) | 2014-12-10 |
| EP2633147B1 (de) | 2016-06-29 |
| WO2012055392A3 (de) | 2013-04-04 |
| CA2816470A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
| AU2011320466A2 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
| US20130220656A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
| DE102010050244A1 (de) | 2012-05-03 |
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