EP2634896B1 - Geschlossener, einen Wärmetauscher umfassender Elektromotor - Google Patents
Geschlossener, einen Wärmetauscher umfassender Elektromotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2634896B1 EP2634896B1 EP13156952.7A EP13156952A EP2634896B1 EP 2634896 B1 EP2634896 B1 EP 2634896B1 EP 13156952 A EP13156952 A EP 13156952A EP 2634896 B1 EP2634896 B1 EP 2634896B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- motor
- heat exchanger
- housing
- casing
- interior compartment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
- H02K9/06—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium with fans or impellers driven by the machine shaft
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
- H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
- H02K9/223—Heat bridges
Definitions
- Such motors are used in rail transport vehicles, for example for the motorization of electric tram trains running in towns.
- the means for converting electrical energy into mechanical energy included in such motors generate a large quantity of heat, in particular by the Joule effect.
- the heat accumulated in the internal compartment of the engine is then transmitted by conduction through the casing to a liquid cooling system provided therein.
- a thermal coupling device for improving heat transfer from the engine interior compartment to the liquid cooling system is sometimes installed in the interior compartment.
- a thermal coupling device for improving heat transfer from the engine interior compartment to the liquid cooling system is sometimes installed in the interior compartment.
- Such a device is for example described in EP 2 282 395 A2 .
- the coils of the motor stator are immersed in a polymeric resin matrix in which a heat conducting element is loaded.
- the matrix forms a conduction bridge between the coils and the casing and the flanges of the motor frame.
- the bridge thus formed increases the transfer of heat generated by the operation of the engine to the liquid cooling system.
- documents WO 2005/008860 , DE 101 22 425 A1 and DE 199 49 140 A1 are documents WO 2005/008860 , DE 101 22 425 A1 and DE 199 49 140 A1 .
- thermal coupling device is not entirely satisfactory. In fact, it is complex, requires a special arrangement of the engine and cannot be added to an engine during its lifetime.
- An aim of the invention is therefore to obtain a closed motor comprising an efficient thermal coupling device, simple, easy to install and which can be added to the motor during its life.
- the invention relates to a closed motor as formulated in claim 1.
- Preferred embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.
- the Figures 1 and 2 describe a first motor 10 according to the invention.
- This motor 10 is a “brushless” type motor, that is to say without brushes. It is for example intended to be mounted in a machine, in particular a railway vehicle such as a tram, to ensure the propulsion of the machine.
- the engine 10 comprises a carcass 12 delimiting an interior compartment 14 defining an interior gas volume 15, means 16 for converting the electrical energy received by the engine into mechanical energy, means 18 for liquid cooling of the interior compartment 14 of the engine 10, and according to the invention, means 20 for thermal coupling between the interior compartment 14 and the exterior 22 of the closed engine.
- the carcass 12 comprises a casing 24 of generally cylindrical shape having a front opening 26 and a dorsal opening 28 substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis AA 'of the casing 24. It further comprises a front flange 30 intended to close the front opening. 26 and a dorsal flange 32 intended to close off the dorsal opening 28.
- the casing 24 comprises an inner wall 34 delimiting the inner compartment 14 of the closed engine 10 and an outer wall 36 in which the liquid cooling means 18. As will be seen below, the casing 24 also has a lip. front peripheral 38, a dorsal peripheral lip 40 and an outer skin 42 fixed to its outer wall 36.
- the front peripheral lip 38 is integral with the casing 24 and is included in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A '. Openings 44 for receiving means 46 for fixing the front flange 30 on the casing 24 are made in the front peripheral lip 38.
- the dorsal peripheral lip 40 is integral with the casing 24 and extends in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A '. Receiving orifices 48 for fixing means 50 of the dorsal flange 32 on the casing 24 are made in the dorsal peripheral lip 40.
- the skin 42 has a generally cylindrical shape with a diameter slightly greater than the diameter of the outer wall 36 and of a height taken along the axis A-A 'less than the height of the casing 24.
- the skin 42 is welded to the outer wall 36 and is made of stainless steel.
- the skin 42 can also be riveted or screwed to the outer wall 36.
- the front flange 30 has a generally circular shape and comprises a central orifice 52 passing through a rotor shaft, as will be seen below.
- the front flange 30 also has, on its periphery, orifices 54 for receiving the fixing means 46.
- the fixing means 46 comprise screws engaged in the reception orifices 44, 54.
- the front flange 30 then closes the front opening 26 in a position substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A '.
- the dorsal flange 32 comprises a central part 56 with increased thickness and a central chamber 58 of generally cylindrical shape formed in its central part 56, as illustrated in FIG. Figure 1 .
- the central chamber 58 is intended to receive a rotor shaft, as will be seen below.
- the dorsal flange 32 also has on its periphery reception orifices 60 of the fixing means 48.
- the fixing means 48 comprise screws engaged in the reception orifices 46, 60.
- the dorsal flange 32 is then fixed in a position substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis A-A '.
- the carcass 12 comprising the casing 24 and the front 30 and back flanges 32 thus delimits the interior compartment 14 of the engine 10.
- the means 16 for converting the electrical energy received by the motor 10 into mechanical energy comprise a rotor 62 and a stator 64.
- the rotor 62 of the engine 10 includes a shaft 66 and a rotor yoke 68.
- the shaft 66 is movable in rotation about the longitudinal axis A-A '.
- the shaft 66 comprises a dorsal part 72 intended to be received in the central chamber 58 of the dorsal flange 32 and an intermediate part 74 passing through the central orifice 52 of the front flange 30.
- the shaft 66 also comprises a front part 76 integral with the intermediate part 74 and projecting out of the carcass 12. This part 76 is intended for be engaged with a displacement mechanism (not visible) of the vehicle on which the motor 10 is arranged.
- the cylinder head 68 has a generally cylindrical shape and is fixed on the shaft 66. It is movable jointly with the rotation of the shaft 66.
- the rotor yoke 68 comprises ferromagnetic elements 78 able to cooperate magnetically with the stator 64 to drive the shaft 66 in rotation.
- the yoke of the rotor 68 may for example have a laminated structure made from annular discs stacked axially and made from sheet metal.
- the ferromagnetic elements 78 include a squirrel cage 79.
- the squirrel cage 79 comprises a plurality of longitudinal bars 80 disposed at the periphery of the rotor 62 and regularly spaced angularly around the axis A-A '.
- Each longitudinal bar has a dorsal end 801 and a front end 802.
- the longitudinal bars 80 may exhibit a slight inclination along the longitudinal axis of the casing or else be substantially parallel to this axis.
- the longitudinal bars 80 are substantially parallel to the axis A-A '.
- the longitudinal bars 80 are made from an electrically conductive material and are intended to accommodate the induced currents generated by the stator when powering the motor 10.
- the squirrel cage 79 also comprises two short-circuiting rings 82, 83 which are parallel to one another and fixed to the rotor 62.
- the two rings 82, 83 both have the same central axis substantially coincident with the axis A-A '.
- the ends 801, 802 of each of the bars 80 are respectively fixed on each of the rings 82, 83.
- the ferromagnetic elements 78 comprise permanent magnets distributed around the perimeter of the cylinder head 68.
- the stator 64 of the motor includes a stator yoke 84 and coils 86.
- the yoke 84 has a generally cylindrical shape and is fixed in contact with the internal wall 34.
- the yoke of the stator 84 comprises ferromagnetic elements 88. which, together with the coils 86, are adapted to generate a variable magnetic field intended to cooperate with the magnetic elements 78 of the yoke 68.
- the cylinder head 84 may for example have a laminated structure made from annular discs stacked axially and made from sheet metal.
- the coils 86 of the stator define loops 90.
- Each loop 90 has two longitudinal portions 92 substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis AA 'and two coil heads 94 integral with the longitudinal portions 92 and located on either side of the coil. these.
- Each coil 86 comprises a wire winding 96 made from an electrically conductive material, for example a copper alloy.
- the stator 64 comprises a plurality of coils 86 radially spaced from the longitudinal axis AA 'and angularly spaced regularly around the longitudinal axis A-A'.
- the coils 86 are supplied with electricity.
- the variable magnetic field resulting from the passage of current in the stator 64 interacts with the ferromagnetic elements 78 to generate a rotational torque applied to the yoke 68 of the rotor 62.
- the shaft 66 of which the yoke 68 is integral is then driven in rotation around of the longitudinal axis A-A '.
- the torque applied to the shaft 66 is thus transmitted to the mechanism for moving the vehicle (not visible) via the projecting part 76 of the shaft 66.
- the liquid cooling means 18 comprise a liquid circulation pipe 98 formed in the outer wall 36 and closed to the outside 22 by the skin 42.
- the pipe 98 comprises a succession of longitudinal pipe segments 100 of height less than the height of the skin 42 and spaced angularly around the axis A-A '.
- Each longitudinal segment 100 is connected to each of its adjacent longitudinal segments 100 by a circumferential segment (not visible on the Figure 1 ).
- two adjacent longitudinal segments 100 of the pipe have opposite directions of circulation of the coolant.
- the pipe 98 thus has a general crenellated shape around the circumference of the casing 24.
- the liquid cooling means 18 also comprise a supply pipe 104 of the pipe 98 in coolant liquid and a discharge pipe for the coolant liquid (not visible on the Figure 1 ).
- the heat transfer liquid used is water.
- the means 20 for thermal coupling between the interior compartment 14 and the exterior 22 comprise a device 106 for mixing the internal gas volume 15 and a heat exchanger 108 attached to the interior compartment 14 in contact with the internal wall 34.
- the air mixing device 106 comprises a plurality of fins 110, each of the fins 110 being mounted on a hub 112 fixed on the rotor 62.
- the fins 110 are angularly spaced evenly around the axis A-A '.
- the hub 112 When the shaft 66 is rotating, the hub 112 is also jointly driven in rotation about the axis A-A '.
- the fins 110 generate a circulation of the gas volume 15 in order to homogenize the temperature.
- the heat exchanger 108 includes a support 116 and fixed fins 118 which protrude radially from the support 116.
- the heat exchanger 108 is thus made from aluminum.
- the support 116 has a generally annular shape having a central axis B-B '.
- the support 116 also has an outer surface 120 of circular section with a central axis B-B '.
- the central axis B-B ' is then substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis A-A'.
- the diameter of the external surface 120 is slightly greater than the diameter of the internal wall 34.
- the exchanger 108 is thus force-fitted into the carcass 12, and is kept pressed against the internal wall 34 by expansion of the support 116.
- the diameter of the external surface 120 is substantially equal to the diameter of the internal wall 34.
- the heat exchanger 108 can then be fixed, for example by welding, screwing or riveting to the carcass 12.
- the support 116 also has an internal surface 122 having a substantially circular section along the central axis B-B '.
- the fins 118 protrude radially from the inner surface 122.
- the support 116 and the fins 118 are integral.
- the fins 118 are fixed to the internal surface 122, for example screwed, riveted, welded, etc.
- the fins 118 thus have, in a plane perpendicular to the central axis BB ′, a section of generally tapered radially with a free apex oriented substantially towards the central axis B-B ′.
- each of the fins 118 may consist of a substantially planar plate or have a curved section.
- the heat exchanger 108 is fixed on the internal wall 34 in an annular space 124 delimited axially on one side by the stator 64 and on the other side by the front flange 30, and delimited radially in one direction, by the heads 94 coils 86 and in another direction, by the internal wall 34.
- the heat exchanger can be fixed on the internal wall 34 in an annular space 126 delimited axially by the stator 64 and by the dorsal flange 32 and radially by the internal wall 34 of the casing 24 and the heads 94 of the coils 86.
- the heat exchanger 108 receives, between the fins 118, the coil heads 94 located at one end of the stator, as well as a part of the rotary shaft 74.
- the fins 118 thus bathe in the gaseous interior volume 15 of the interior compartment 14 in the vicinity of the heads 94 of the coils 86, which are a significant heat source in the engine 10.
- the exchanger 108 is thus arranged axially opposite the pipe 98 to which the exchanger 108 transfers the heat communicated to it through the internal gas volume 15.
- part of the electrical energy received by the motor 10 from the motor supply means (not visible) is converted into mechanical energy intended to actuate a displacement mechanism (not visible) of the machine.
- losses can include, for example, the losses by the Joule effect due to the coils 86 - which can represent more than 50% of total losses - magnetic losses known as “iron losses”, friction losses of moving parts of the engine, etc.
- the air mixing device 106 then homogenizes the distribution of heat in the interior compartment 14, the heat being generated at different locations therein.
- This heat is then transferred by convection to the fins 118 of the heat exchanger 108 through the internal gas volume 15. Then the heat is transferred by conduction by the heat exchanger 108 to the casing 24 in which the circulation pipe is formed. 98.
- the heat transfer liquid finally discharges the heat to the outside 22 of the engine via the discharge pipe.
- the heat dissipation produced by the heat exchanger 108 decreases the temperature of the interior compartment 14 by approximately 10 ° C.
- the engine according to the invention is thus simplified compared to the engine as described in EP 2 282 395 , the heat exchanger 108 having a simple structure and reliable and efficient operation.
- the mounting of the heat exchanger 108 is simple, does not require any particular arrangement of the engine 10, and can be carried out during the life of the latter.
- the heat exchanger 108 is manufactured by machining the support 116 and the fins 118.
- the front flange 30 is then removed from the frame 34 to clear the front opening 26.
- the heat exchanger 108 is then deformed, for example by a radial compressive force relative to the central axis BB 'inducing a deformation of the exchanger 108 according to a slot formed radially in its support 116. It is then inserted into the 'front opening 26.
- the deformation applied to the exchanger 108 is sufficient to allow its passage between the casing 24 and the coil heads 94.
- the outer surface 120 is then placed in contact with the inner wall 34, the central axis B-B 'and the longitudinal axis A-A' being the same.
- the heat exchanger 108 then returns to its initial shape.
- the diameter of the external surface 120 being slightly greater than that of the internal wall 34, the heat exchanger 108 is kept pressed against the casing 24 by expansion of its support 116.
- the front flange 30 is then screwed onto the front peripheral lip 38.
- the mounting of the heat exchanger 108 therefore does not require any particular arrangement of the engine 10 in order to be mounted. It can therefore be mounted on a new engine or during the life of an engine that has already been in operation, during a maintenance procedure for example.
- the exchanger 108 is then inserted into the casing 24, placed in contact with the internal wall 34 in the position that it is intended to occupy, and fixed by riveting or screwing on the internal wall 34.
- thermal coupling means 20 comprise two, even advantageously four heat exchangers 108 fixed to the internal wall 34 in the annular space 124 and / or in the 'annular space 126.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Geschlossener Elektromotor (10), umfassend:- ein Gehäuse (12), das einen Innenraum (14) begrenzt, der ein gasförmiges Innenvolumen (15) definiert, wobei das Gehäuse (12) einen Mantel (24) von allgemein zylindrischer Form entlang einer Mittelachse (A-A') aufweist, dessen vorderseitige (26) und rückseitige (28) Öffnungen jeweils durch vorderseitige (30) und rückseitige (32) Flansche verschlossen sind, wobei der Mantel (24) eine den Innenraum (14) begrenzende Innenwand (34) und eine Außenwand (36) aufweist,- Mittel (16) zum Umwandeln von durch den Motor (10) empfangener elektrischer Energie in mechanische Energie, wobei die Umwandlungsmittel (16) einen Stator (64) und einen Rotor (62) umfassen, wobei der Stator (64) mindestens Spulen (86) umfasst,- Mittel (18) zur Flüssigkeitskühlung des Innenraums (14) des Motors (10), die in der Außenwand (36) des Gehäuses (24) vorgesehen sind, und- Mittel (20) zur thermischen Kopplung zwischen dem Innenraum (14) und den Flüssigkeitskühlmitteln (18),die Mittel (20) zur thermischen Kopplung einen Wärmetauscher (108) umfassen, der an dem Gehäuse (12) in dem Innenraum (14) befestigt ist, wobei der Wärmetauscher (108) einen mit der Mittelachse (A-A') versehenen ringförmigen Träger (116), der an der Innenwand (34) des Mantels (24) des Gehäuses (12) angebracht ist, und eine Mehrzahl von Rippen (118) aufweist, die von einer Innenfläche (122) des Trägers (116) radial zur Mittelachse (A-A') hervorragen,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen der Mehrzahl von Rippen (118) im Wesentlichen um den gesamten Umfang der Innenfläche (122) des Trägers (116) herum winkelbeabstandet sind. - Motor (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (118) in das gasförmige Innenvolumen (15) des Innenraums (14) eintauchen.
- Motor (10) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rippen (118) einen allgemein radial verjüngten, insbesondere dreieckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oder jede Rippe (118) einstückig mit dem Träger (116) ausgebildet ist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede Spule (86) an einem axialen Ende einen Spulenkopf (94) aufweist, wobei der Wärmetauscher (108) radial zwischen den Köpfen (94) der Spulen (86) und dem Gehäuse (12) angeordnet ist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (108) aus Metall, vorteilhafterweise aus Aluminium, hergestellt ist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmetauscher (108) in das Gehäuse (12) eingepresst ist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (20) zur thermischen Kopplung eine Mehrzahl von Wärmetauschern (108) umfassen, wobei jeder Wärmetauscher (108) an dem Gehäuse (12) in dem Innenraum (14) befestigt ist und einen mit der Mittelachse (A-A') versehenen ringförmigen Träger (116), der an der Innenwand (34) des Mantels (24) des Gehäuses (12) angebracht ist, und eine Mehrzahl von Rippen (118) aufweist, die von einer Innenfläche (122) des Trägers (116) jedes Wärmetauschers (108) radial zur Mittelachse hervorragen.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor (62) eine Welle (66) zum Antrieb eines Mechanismus zum Bewegen einer Maschine aufweist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (20) zur thermischen Kopplung eine vom Rotor (62) getragene Vorrichtung (106) zum Mischen des inneren Gasvolumens (15) umfassen.
- Motor (10) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (104) zum Mischen von Luft mindestens eine Schaufel (110) umfasst, die an einer am Rotor (62) befestigten Nabe (112) angebracht ist.
- Motor (10) nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeitskühlmittel (18) einen im Gehäuse (12) vorgesehenen Zirkulationskanal (98) umfassen, wobei der Wärmetauscher (108) gegenüber dem Zirkulationskanal (98) angeordnet ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1251842A FR2987518B1 (fr) | 2012-02-29 | 2012-02-29 | Moteur electrique ferme comprenant un echangeur thermique. |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2634896A2 EP2634896A2 (de) | 2013-09-04 |
| EP2634896A3 EP2634896A3 (de) | 2017-05-31 |
| EP2634896B1 true EP2634896B1 (de) | 2021-07-28 |
Family
ID=47747519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13156952.7A Active EP2634896B1 (de) | 2012-02-29 | 2013-02-27 | Geschlossener, einen Wärmetauscher umfassender Elektromotor |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2634896B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103296837B (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2987518B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3057719B1 (fr) * | 2016-10-14 | 2022-12-16 | Ifp Energies Now | Machine electrique tournante fermee comportant un systeme de refroidissement interne par air |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH099575A (ja) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-01-10 | Hitachi Ltd | 回転電気機械 |
| JP2000116063A (ja) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-21 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | モータ |
| JP3877898B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-23 | 2007-02-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 車両用交流発電機 |
| DE10122425B4 (de) * | 2001-05-09 | 2006-06-01 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Maschine |
| CN1833345B (zh) * | 2003-07-10 | 2010-11-03 | 磁应用股份有限公司 | 紧凑的大功率交流发电机 |
| CN100352135C (zh) * | 2003-11-24 | 2007-11-28 | 杭州英迈克电子有限公司 | 一种直冷式永磁交流伺服电机 |
| DE102006043169B4 (de) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-10-16 | Siemens Ag | Elektrische Maschine mit einem innengekühlten Läufer |
| TWI401864B (zh) * | 2009-07-29 | 2013-07-11 | Joy Ride Tech Co Ltd | A motor with internal thermal glue |
-
2012
- 2012-02-29 FR FR1251842A patent/FR2987518B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-02-27 EP EP13156952.7A patent/EP2634896B1/de active Active
- 2013-02-28 CN CN201310064511.5A patent/CN103296837B/zh active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103296837A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
| EP2634896A3 (de) | 2017-05-31 |
| FR2987518A1 (fr) | 2013-08-30 |
| FR2987518B1 (fr) | 2014-03-28 |
| EP2634896A2 (de) | 2013-09-04 |
| CN103296837B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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