EP2635912A2 - Installation de production décentralisée, notamment une éolienne, circuit de contrôle et procédé de contrôle - Google Patents

Installation de production décentralisée, notamment une éolienne, circuit de contrôle et procédé de contrôle

Info

Publication number
EP2635912A2
EP2635912A2 EP11815689.2A EP11815689A EP2635912A2 EP 2635912 A2 EP2635912 A2 EP 2635912A2 EP 11815689 A EP11815689 A EP 11815689A EP 2635912 A2 EP2635912 A2 EP 2635912A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
resistor
test
test circuit
dea
generation plant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11815689.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Kahlen
Jan Scheffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FGH GMBH
Original Assignee
Forschungsgemeinschaft fur Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft E V
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungsgemeinschaft fur Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft E V filed Critical Forschungsgemeinschaft fur Elektrische Anlagen und Stromwirtschaft E V
Publication of EP2635912A2 publication Critical patent/EP2635912A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
    • G01R31/42—AC power supplies

Definitions

  • Decentralized generation plant in particular wind energy plant, test circuit and test method
  • the invention relates to a decentralized electrical generation plant, in particular a wind turbine, which is connected to a network, and a test circuit for testing the response of such a generating plant to an overvoltage and a method for testing the response of such a generating plant to an overvoltage.
  • the invention can be used in particular in wind turbines.
  • Wind turbines are usually connected to electrical supply networks. To ensure the stability of such electrical supply networks The network operators issue connection guidelines for the decentralized generation plants connected to the grid. These connection guidelines prescribe the behavior of the generation systems during a fault in the network. Generation plants which do not comply with the corresponding connection guideline may only be connected to the grid to a limited extent. This applies not only to wind turbines but also to other decentralized generation systems of the supply network.
  • Disruptions in the supply network can e.g. short-term overvoltages, which are caused for example by a load shedding. Furthermore, short-term voltage dips can occur, which can be caused for example by short circuits in the transmission network.
  • the decentralized generation plants should advantageously be able to pass through these fault conditions without disconnecting from the grid.
  • the generating plant should particularly preferably support the mains voltage by supplying reactive power or by drawing on reactive power.
  • connection guidelines generally stipulate that proof of conformity of the production plants with the connection guidelines is provided by a certification process, whereby the corresponding test usually takes place directly in the corresponding supply network.
  • the invention can now be used on a test circuit that can simulate the fault conditions, thus on the one hand to give the manufacturers of decentralized generation plants the opportunity to adapt the systems according to the guidelines.
  • the test circuit can also be used during the certification process.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a test circuit and a test method by which the reaction of a generating plant to a test overvoltage can be tested while the generating plant is connected to the grid.
  • test circuit for testing the reaction of the generating plant to an overvoltage, with a switchable between the generating plant and the network resonant circuit, in particular series resonant circuit, with an inductive resistor and a capacitive resistor to provide a test overvoltage and by a Generation plant with such a test circuit.
  • the test circuit By means of the test circuit according to the invention, it is possible for the generating plant to simulate mains overvoltage. At the same time, the generating plant can continue to be connected to the grid and fed into the grid. As a result, a test situation that is as realistic as possible can also be produced.
  • the resonant circuit preferably has a series branch in which the inductive resistor is arranged, and a parallel branch in which the capacitive resistor is arranged. In this case, the inductive resistor may be connected in series with the usually predominantly inductive network impedance.
  • the test circuit has only a small influence on the line voltage at the input side of the test circuit during the test. It is therefore possible to test the reaction of the generating plant without unnecessarily influencing the network.
  • the voltage across the parallel branch can represent the test overvoltage provided to the energy system.
  • the mains voltage can represent the input voltage of the test circuit.
  • the test circuit increases the voltage and provides it to the generating plant as test overvoltage.
  • the mains voltage can be increased with suitable dimensioning of the inductive and the capacitive resistance.
  • the behavior of the test circuit can be further improved by further components:
  • a damping resistor is arranged in the parallel branch.
  • this damping resistor which can be arranged in particular in series with the capacitive resistor, the switching behavior when switching on the test circuit can be influenced. In particular, transient oscillations of the resonant circuit can be damped by the damping resistor.
  • a discharge resistor is arranged in the parallel branch.
  • the capacitive resistance can be discharged defined defined after completion of the test.
  • the discharge resistor should be arranged parallel to the capacitive resistor. Due to the discharge resistor can after each test attempt a defined initial state of the test circuit can be restored. Furthermore, a risk to the operator is reduced by a charged capacity.
  • an unloading throttle is arranged in the discharge circuit of the capacitive resistor.
  • the capacitive resistance can be discharged independently, so that preferably a switch can be saved. In addition, there is no longer the danger that discharge will no longer take place if the discharge switch is defective.
  • voltage dips can also be a power failure.
  • the test circuit should also be able to simulate such voltage dips in the network of the decentralized generation plant in order to be able to test the reaction of the generating plant to such a voltage drop.
  • the test circuit can have a switchable inductive resistor parallel to the parallel branch.
  • This second inductive resistor thus forms an inductive voltage divider with the inductive resistance of the series branch.
  • the voltage across the shunt is reduced from the voltage at the input of the test circuit and may represent the input voltage of the generator.
  • the test circuit has a surge arrester at the input and / or at the output of the test circuit.
  • Another Kochwoodsabieiter can be provided, for example, to hedge the parallel branch. Overvoltages can occur, for example, during switching operations.
  • the test circuit can be connected between the grid and the generating plant. For this purpose, in particular circuit breakers can be used. The following switches can preferably be used:
  • the resonant circuit can be bridged via a bypass switch.
  • the test circuit can be disconnected on the network side and / or on the generating plant side by means of a switch from the network or the production plant.
  • the bypass switch allows the generating plant to continue to feed into the grid when e.g. There are breaks, maintenance or interruptions between tests.
  • the inductive resistor can be bridged via a bypass switch. By opening this bypass switch, the inductive resistor can be switched on. Furthermore, the capacitive resistor can also be connected via a switch. During the test, the bypass switch of the inductive resistor can thus be opened first, in which case the capacitive resistor is subsequently connected in order to provide the test overvoltage.
  • the inductive resistance and the capacitive resistance must be sufficiently dimensioned for use, in particular in medium-voltage networks.
  • the capacitive resistor may, for example, consist of a plurality of capacitors connected in parallel and / or in series.
  • the inductive resistor may consist, for example, of a plurality of coils connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the individual capacitors or the individual coils can preferably be switched on individually.
  • the capacitive resistance and / or the inductive resistance is adjustable. As a result, the test voltage can be adjusted.
  • the test circuit is suitable for transport.
  • the test circuit is preferably arranged in one or more mobile containers, in particular iso-containers.
  • the containers can be brought by conventional means of transport to the place of production.
  • the containers are designed weatherproof, so that the test is independent of external environmental conditions.
  • the test circuit is preferably designed such that in the case of a three-phase structure, the test voltage in each of the three phases can be increased at the same time. Furthermore, the test voltage should be able to be increased individually in each individual phase.
  • the invention is not limited to wind turbines. Rather, it can also be used in other decentralized generation plants, such as photovoltaic plants, combined heat and power plants or gas and diesel generators. In addition to this use in the decentralized power supply, the invention can also be found in devices of electric mobility, especially in batteries of electric cars, use.
  • the grid can be a medium voltage network or a low voltage network.
  • the test method according to the invention for testing the power generation plant is carried out while the generating plant is connected to the grid.
  • the power plant can feed energy into the grid during the test.
  • test circuit electrical characteristics of the generating plant can be measured.
  • the measuring equipment used for this purpose can be part of the generating plant or the switchable test circuit. The same applies to the evaluation of the test and the evaluation equipment used for this purpose.
  • the embodiments and developments described in connection with the test circuit according to the invention can also be used in the test method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic equivalent circuit diagram of a network connected to a generation system with intermediate test circuit
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a test circuit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a test circuit
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a test circuit
  • FIG. 6 shows a sixth embodiment of a test circuit
  • FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of a test circuit
  • Fig. 8 shows an eighth embodiment of a test circuit, which is arranged in three containers Contai;
  • FIG. 9 shows a ninth embodiment of a test circuit.
  • the test circuit 1 shows the principle according to the invention of the test circuit, which can be used to test the reaction of a decentralized generation plant DEA, for example a wind energy plant, to an overvoltage.
  • the generating plant DEA is connected to a grid N with a schematically illustrated grid impedance Z N.
  • the test circuit can be connected between the grid N and the generating plant DEA.
  • the test circuit comprises a series resonant circuit having an inductive resistor L and a capacitive resistance C.
  • the inductive resistor L is here in a series branch of the resonant circuit.
  • the inductive resistor L thus lies in series with the network impedance ZN of the network N. Via the inductance of the inductive resistor L, the retroactive effects on the network N can be reduced to a required level.
  • the ohmic resistance should also be kept low.
  • the resonant circuit further has a parallel branch, in which the capacitive resistor C is arranged.
  • a damping resistor RD is further arranged, which can affect the transient response of the resonant circuit in a favorable manner.
  • the mains voltage represents the input voltage of the test circuit.
  • the output voltage of the test circuit which is provided to the generating plant, corresponds to the voltage across the parallel branch.
  • the inductive resistor L can be bridged via a power switch Si.
  • the capacitive resistor can be connected via a circuit breaker S2. When the bypass switch S1 is closed and the switch S2 is open, the generation system is connected directly to the network N without any further influence.
  • the switch S1 is first opened. Subsequently, the switch S2 is concluded, so that the generating plant DEA is now connected via the resonant circuit to the network N.
  • a test overvoltage UDEA which is higher than the mains voltage UNETZ can be provided at the output of the test circuit. This can be specified in the steady state as follows:
  • Fig. 1 shows a single-phase equivalent circuit diagram of the test circuit.
  • the test circuit can also be constructed in three phases.
  • the capacitive resistor C may consist of a parallel and / or series connection of a plurality of capacitors.
  • the capacitance of the capacitive resistor C may be, for example, in the range of 1 to 100 pF.
  • the inductance of the inductive resistor L may be in the range of 10 to 1000 mH.
  • the inductive resistor L may be constructed from a plurality of coils connected in series and / or in parallel.
  • the test circuit enables the behavior of the DEA generating plant to be checked for short-time overvoltage and thus optimized. Thus, the risk can be reduced that in the event of an actual grid overvoltage due to uncontrolled behavior of different generation plants, the network N is additionally destabilized.
  • Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a test circuit P.
  • each vonnapssabieiter ÜA is arranged to ground.
  • the test circuit can be protected against overvoltages of the network N and against overvoltages of the DEA generation plant.
  • no overvoltages are fed into the grid N and the generating plant DEA.
  • Surge arresters may also be present between phases.
  • Another surge arrester ÜA is arranged parallel to the parallel branch, so that this is also protected against overvoltages.
  • a discharge resistor RE is also arranged, which can be connected via a switch S3.
  • the discharge switch S3 can be closed after carrying out a test with the switch S2 open, so that the capacitive resistor C can be discharged via the discharge resistor RE and the damping resistor RD.
  • the parallel branch ends at a star point SP.
  • the star point is earthed in particular in the case where the voltage is to be increased even in a single phase. However, the star point can also be executed in isolation. In a three-phase application, the capacitive parallel branches of all three phases can end in the neutral point.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a test circuit P.
  • the difference with respect to the test circuit according to FIG. 2 lies in the fact that the switch S 2 has been omitted, the switch S having been added.
  • FIG. 4 shows a fourth embodiment of a test circuit P.
  • the difference from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 lies in the fact that in addition a network is added switch S5, with the test circuit P can be disconnected from the network N. Furthermore, a circuit breaker S (, on the side of the generation system) is added, by means of which the test circuit P can be disconnected from the generation system DEA. The test circuit P can thus be de-energized by means of the two switches S5 and S0.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fifth embodiment of a test circuit C.
  • a bypass switch S 7 is provided in addition to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, through which the power generation system DEA continues to operate with the switches S5 and S6 open and thus voltage-free oscillating circuit can be operated on the network N.
  • the switch S 7 is open. Air-insulated switches can be used as trial switches.
  • this test circuit P no longer has the power switch S1.
  • this circuit is used in encapsulated switchgear.
  • FIG. 7 shows a seventh embodiment of a test circuit P, which is modified relative to the circuit according to FIG. 2 such that instead of the discharge switch S3, a discharge choke LE is arranged in series with the discharge resistor RE.
  • the discharge throttle can be designed such that it blocks at 50/60 Hz. As soon as the power switch S2 opens, the remaining DC voltage can be discharged via the discharge choke L E and the discharge resistor R E.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the discharge is done independently and also the switch S3 can be saved. Further- hin is advantageous that no longer the risk that if the discharge switch S3 is defective, no rapid discharge would take place.
  • Fig. 8 shows an eighth embodiment of a test circuit.
  • the test circuit is arranged in three iso-sea containers CTi, CT 2 and CT3.
  • the individual containers CTi, CT2 and CT3 are independent of each other, for example by means of trucks can be loaded.
  • the test circuit can thus be easily brought to the location of the decentralized generation plant DEA.
  • the electrical connection of the test circuit between the containers CT 1; CT 2 and CT3 are made with short lengths of MS cable.
  • the test voltages are provided to a transformer T of the generating plant DEA.
  • the first CTi container is equipped with a switchgear with circuit-breakers including test switches.
  • the switchgear of the container CTi includes the switches S1, S 5, S 6, S 7, S 8 and S. 9
  • measuring devices ME such as current transformers and voltage transformers are provided in the container CTi on the input side.
  • measuring devices M A such as current transformers and voltage transformers, are arranged on the output side.
  • Other measuring devices, not shown, such as current transformers can also be arranged in parallel branch.
  • the measuring devices ME and MA can be used to measure the reaction of the generating plant DEA, wherein the result of the measurement of a not shown computer-based evaluation in the container CTi can be supplied.
  • surge arrester and a control system are also arranged.
  • the parallel branch consists of the capacitive resistor C, the Damping resistor D, the parallel connected discharge resistor R E and the discharge throttle L E.
  • switches S 2 and S 10 are further arranged.
  • the serial branch includes the inductive resistor L.
  • a further inductive resistor Lp is arranged in the container CT3, which is arranged parallel to the parallel branch of the resonant circuit.
  • This parallel inductive resistor Lp can be used together with the inductive resistor L in the series branch in the sense of an inductive divider to provide a test voltage which is reduced in relation to the mains voltage. This operating mode of the test circuit is possible even without the presence of the container CT 2 .
  • the inductive voltage divider can be adjusted by the ratio of the two adjustable Ambient circuit or the inductive voltage divider, so that the electrical properties of the decentralized generation system DEA are measured, so that the reaction of the DEA generating plant can be checked for an overvoltage or a voltage dip. If the voltage is to be increased in only one or two phases, the connection of the parallel branch with capacitor C and resistor R can be effected in one or two phases. In this case, the star point of the parallel branch should be identical to that at the transformer of the network, so that the phase position of the current in the parallel branch leads approximately 90 ° to the corresponding the conductor-earth voltage is. If this is not the case, the addition of the voltage drop across the inductance L is no longer in phase with the phase-earth voltage and the voltage increase is uneven in the two phases involved.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Electric Properties And Detecting Electric Faults (AREA)
  • Tests Of Circuit Breakers, Generators, And Electric Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation de production d'électricité décentralisée (DEA), notamment une éolienne, qui est raccordée à un réseau (N). L'installation de production comprend un circuit de contrôle pour tester la réaction de l'installation de production en cas de surtension, un circuit oscillant pour fournir une surtension d'essai, ledit circuit oscillant pouvant être monté entre l'installation de production (DEA) et le réseau (N), et étant doté d'une résistance inductive (L) et d'une résistance capacitive (C), ainsi qu'un circuit de contrôle correspondant et un procédé de contrôle correspondant.
EP11815689.2A 2010-11-03 2011-10-28 Installation de production décentralisée, notamment une éolienne, circuit de contrôle et procédé de contrôle Withdrawn EP2635912A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201010060333 DE102010060333B4 (de) 2010-11-03 2010-11-03 Dezentrale Erzeugungsanlage, insbesondere Windenergieanlage, Prüfschaltung sowie Prüfverfahren
PCT/DE2011/075258 WO2012062309A2 (fr) 2010-11-03 2011-10-28 Installation de production décentralisée, notamment une éolienne, circuit de contrôle et procédé de contrôle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2635912A2 true EP2635912A2 (fr) 2013-09-11

Family

ID=45562054

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11815689.2A Withdrawn EP2635912A2 (fr) 2010-11-03 2011-10-28 Installation de production décentralisée, notamment une éolienne, circuit de contrôle et procédé de contrôle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2635912A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010060333B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012062309A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103257314B (zh) * 2013-02-27 2015-08-05 中国电力科学研究院 一种移动式风电机组电网适应性测试系统
CN103454584B (zh) * 2013-08-22 2017-02-22 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 风力发电机组高电压穿越测试设备
CN103472393B (zh) * 2013-09-09 2016-05-25 国家电网公司 一种风电机组高电压穿越测试系统
DE102015201857A1 (de) * 2015-02-03 2016-08-04 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlagen-Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer Windenergieanlage
DK3056916T4 (da) 2015-02-03 2023-05-01 Wobben Properties Gmbh Anvendelse af en vindenergianlæg-kontrolindretning og fremgangsmåde til kontrol af et vindenergianlæg
DE102015114126A1 (de) 2015-08-26 2017-03-02 Wobben Properties Gmbh Windenergieanlagen-Prüfvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen einer Windenergieanlage
CN112310999A (zh) * 2019-08-01 2021-02-02 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 一种风电机组的高压故障穿越装置、方法及系统

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010060333B4 (de) 2013-05-29
WO2012062309A2 (fr) 2012-05-18
DE102010060333A1 (de) 2012-05-03
WO2012062309A3 (fr) 2012-07-12

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